Intraoperative extracorporeal support for lung transplant: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: In the last decades, veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO) has been gaining in popularity for intraoperative support during lung transplant (LT), being advocated for routinely use also in uncomplicated cases. Compared to off-pump strategy and, secondarily, to traditional cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), V-A ECMO seems to offer a better hemodynamic stability and oxygenation, while data regarding blood product transfusions, postoperative recovery, and mortality remain unclear. This systematic review and network meta-analysis aims to evaluate the comparative efficacy and safety of V-A ECMO and CPB as compared to OffPump strategy during LT.

Aetiology, Treatment and Outcomes of Pericarditis: Long-Term Data from a Longitudinal Retrospective Single-Centre Cohort.

. Pericarditis has a heterogeneous clinical spectrum and rate of relapse. Data on aetiology, real-life treatment strategies, and long-term course from contemporary pericarditis cohorts are lacking.

Inhaled antibiotics for treating pneumonia in invasively ventilated patients in intensive care unit: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials with trial sequential analysis.

Background: The use of inhaled antibiotics for treating pneumonia in invasively ventilated patients offers a direct approach, allowing for high local concentrations of the drug in the lower respiratory tract while simultaneously reducing systemic toxicity. However, the real efficacy and safety of nebulized antibiotics remain unclear. The aim of the present is to assess among critically adult patients with pneumonia and invasive ventilation, whether receiving adjuvant inhaled antibiotics improves the rate of microbiological eradication.

Information extraction from medical case reports using OpenAI InstructGPT.

Background And Objective: Researchers commonly use automated solutions such as Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems to extract clinical information from large volumes of unstructured data. However, clinical text's poor semantic structure and domain-specific vocabulary can make it challenging to develop a one-size-fits-all solution. Large Language Models (LLMs), such as OpenAI's Generative Pre-Trained Transformer 3 (GPT-3), offer a promising solution for capturing and standardizing unstructured clinical information.

CMR Predictors of Favorable Outcome in Myocarditis: A Single-Center Experience.

: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has emerged as the most accurate, non-invasive method to support the diagnosis of clinically suspected myocarditis and as a risk-stratification tool in patients with cardiomyopathies. We aim to assess the diagnostic and prognostic role of CMR at diagnosis in patients with myocarditis. We enrolled consecutive single-center patients with 2013 ESC consensus-based endomyocardial biopsy (EMB)-proven or clinically suspected myocarditis undergoing CMR at diagnosis.

Management of Pediatric Foreign Body Injuries during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of an International Survey.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had direct and indirect effects on daily life. In hospitals, the impact of the pandemic was observed in the diagnostic and therapeutic workflow. In this work, we explored potential changes in activities related to the treatment of foreign body injuries (FBIs) in children and the behavioral habits of physicians during the first wave of the pandemic.

Characterization of Non-Food Foreign Bodies Aspirated by Children: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Background: Foreign Body Aspiration (FBA) represents a leading cause of death among unintentional injuries in children less than one year of age. This study reviewed case reports and case series reporting non-food FBA in children to characterize aspirated foreign bodies, describing the clinical presentations and the outcomes.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA checklist.

Association of Vegetarian and Vegan Diets with Cardiovascular Health: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies and Randomized Trials.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are leading global causes of mortality. Unhealthy diets have been linked to an increased risk of CVD, while plant-based diets have shown potential protective effects. This umbrella review summarizes the evidence on the association between vegetarian diets and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Identifying Predictors of Anal HPV Status in HPV-Vaccinated MSM: A Machine Learning Approach.

Anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has a high prevalence in men who have sex with men (MSM), resulting in an increased risk for anal cancer. The present work aimed to identify factors associated with HPV in a prospective cohort of HPV-vaccinated MSM using a random forest (RF) approach. This observational study enrolled MSM patients admitted to an Italian (sexually transmitted infection) STI-AIDS Unit.

Physical activity assessment with wearable devices in rheumatic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: In the management of rheumatic musculoskeletal disorders (RMDs), regular physical activity (PA) is an important recognized non-pharmacological intervention. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate how the use of wearable devices (WDs) impacts physical activity in patients with noninflammatory and inflammatory rheumatic diseases.

Methods: A comprehensive search of articles was performed in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and Scopus.

[The Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and infection Control link nurse as a strategy to face them: review of literature].

Introduction: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are the most common adverse event in hospitals and a major public health problem with a negative impact on morbidity, mortality and quality of life. Governmental and non-governmental organizations are developing and strengthening plans to improve Infection and Prevention Control (IPC) programmes. Adopting reliable, effective and integrated IPC programmes can prevent 50% of HAIs.

Epidemiology and Trends over Time of Foreign Body Injuries in the Pediatric Emergency Department.

This paper presents the epidemiology of foreign body injuries in the Pediatric Emergency Department (PED) of Padova (Italy) along with its trends over an eleven-year period based on administrative data. Annual incidence rates (IRs) of PED presentations for foreign body (FB) injuries per 1000 person-years were calculated. Univariable and multivariable generalized linear (GLM) Poisson models were estimated to evaluate the relationship between FB injury incidence and year, triage priority, nationality, injury site, and FB type.

Assessment of Coronary Inflammation by Pericoronary Fat Attenuation Index in Clinically Suspected Myocarditis with Infarct-Like Presentation.

Background: The pathophysiology of angina-like symptoms in myocarditis is still unclear. Perivascular fat attenuation index (pFAI) by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is a non-invasive marker of coronary inflammation (CI) in atherosclerosis. We explored the presence of CI in clinically suspected myocarditis with infarct-like presentation.

Feasibility and Role of Right Ventricular Stress Echocardiography in Adult Patients.

Background: The great technological advancements in the field of echocardiography have led to applications of stress echocardiography (SE) in almost all diagnostic fields of cardiology, from ischemic heart disease to valvular heart disease and diastolic function. However, the assessment of the right ventricle (RV) in general, and in particular in regard to the contractile reserve of the RV, is an area that has not been previously explored. We, therefore, propose a study to investigate the potential use of SE for the assessment of RV function in adult patients.

The SYSTEMIC Project: A Pilot Study to Develop a Registry of Patients With an Ostomy for Predictive Modeling of Outcomes.

Background: Stomal and peristomal skin complications represent a significant burden on the physical and psychological well-being of patients.

Purpose: To develop a predictive tool for identifying the risk of complications in patients following ostomy surgery.

Methods: The oStomY regiSTry prEdictive ModelIng outCome (SYSTEMIC) project was developed to improve patient-oriented outcomes.

Monitoring Patients Reported Outcomes after Valve Replacement Using Wearable Devices: Insights on Feasibility and Capability Study: Feasibility Results.

Wearable devices (WDs) can objectively assess patient-reported outcomes (PROMs) in clinical trials. In this study, the feasibility and acceptability of using commercial WDs in elderly patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) or surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) will be explored. This is a prospective observational study.

The Surplus Transplant Lung Allocation System in Italy: An Evaluation of the Allocation Process via Stochastic Modeling.

Lung transplantation is a specialized procedure used to treat chronic end-stage respiratory diseases. Due to the scarcity of lung donors, constructing fair and equitable lung transplant allocation methods is an issue that has been addressed with different strategies worldwide. This work aims to describe how Italy's "national protocol for the management of surplus organs in all transplant programs" functions through an online app to allocate lung transplants.

A Machine Learning Approach for Investigating Delirium as a Multifactorial Syndrome.

Delirium is a psycho-organic syndrome common in hospitalized patients, especially the elderly, and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. This study aims to identify the predictors that are mostly associated with the risk of delirium episodes using a machine learning technique (MLT). A random forest (RF) algorithm was used to evaluate the association between the subject's characteristics and the 4AT (the 4 A's test) score screening tool for delirium.

Propensity Score Analysis with Partially Observed Baseline Covariates: A Practical Comparison of Methods for Handling Missing Data.

(1) Background: Propensity score methods gained popularity in non-interventional clinical studies. As it may often occur in observational datasets, some values in baseline covariates are missing for some patients. The present study aims to compare the performances of popular statistical methods to deal with missing data in propensity score analysis.

Using Social Networks to Estimate the Number of COVID-19 Cases: The Incident (Hidden COVID-19 Cases Network Estimation) Study Protocol.

Recent literature has reported a high percentage of asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic cases in subjects with COVID-19 infection. This proportion can be difficult to quantify; therefore, it constitutes a hidden population. This study aims to develop a proof-of-concept method for estimating the number of undocumented infections of COVID-19.

Profiling Delirium Progression in Elderly Patients via Continuous-Time Markov Multi-State Transition Models.

Poor recognition of delirium among hospitalized elderlies is a typical challenge for health care professionals. Considering methodological insufficiency for assessing time-varying diseases, a continuous-time Markov multi-state transition model (CTMMTM) was used to investigate delirium evolution in elderly patients. This is a longitudinal observational study performed in September 2016 in an Italian hospital.

Profiling Patients by Intensity of Nursing Care: An Operative Approach Using Machine Learning.

Physical function is a patient-oriented indicator and can be considered a proxy for the assignment of healthcare personnel. The study aims to create an algorithm that classifies patients into homogeneous groups according to physical function. A two-step machine-learning algorithm was applied to administrative data recorded between 2015 and 2018 at the University Hospital of Padova.