Pulmonary fibrosis: pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies.

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic and progressive lung disease characterized by extensive alterations of cellular fate and function and excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix, leading to lung tissue scarring and impaired respiratory function. Although our understanding of its pathogenesis has increased, effective treatments remain scarce, and fibrotic progression is a major cause of mortality. Recent research has identified various etiological factors, including genetic predispositions, environmental exposures, and lifestyle factors, which contribute to the onset and progression of PF.

Photodynamic Therapy of LD4-Photosensitizer Attenuates the Acute Pneumonia Induced by .

is a Gram-negative bacterium that induces acute lung injury (ALI) and inflammation in humans, necessitating immediate hospitalization and treatment. At present, the clinical treatment is largely dependent on hormones or antibiotics but is associated with drawbacks posed by the lack of eradication of the bacterium upon treatment and drug resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel and effective treatments.

Identification of the potential association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and acute kidney injury based on the shared gene signatures and regulatory network.

Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is identified as the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Acute kidney injury (AKI), one of serious complications of COVID-19 infection, is the leading contributor to renal failure, associating with high mortality of the patients. This study aimed to identify the shared gene signatures and construct the gene regulatory network between COVID-19 and AKI, contributing to exploring the potential pathogenesis.

The Influence of Presentation Frames of Visualization Information for Safety on Situational Awareness under a Three-Level User-Interface Design.

To explore the influence of the construction and presentation frames of visualization information for safety (VIS) on people's situation awareness (SA), we designed a three-level user interface (UI) of VIS based on the three-stage SA theory, including perception (SA1), comprehension (SA2), and projection (SA3). Then, 166 subjects were recruited and divided into three groups to participate in the experiment, in which SA was measured by the situation-present-assessment method (SPAM) and situation-awareness-rating technique (SART), and eye-movement data were recorded. The results show that the level-3 UI design could effectively improve the subjects' SA levels.

Early lexical processing of Chinese one-character words and Mongolian words: A comparative study using event-related potentials.

Logographic language and alphabetic language differ significantly in orthography. Investigating the commonality and particularity of visual word recognition between the two distinct writing systems is informative for understating the neural mechanisms underlying visual word recognition. In the present study, we compared the chronometry of early lexical processing and the brain regions involved in early lexical processing between Chinese (logographic language) and Mongolian (alphabetic language) by recording event-related potentials (ERPs) using both implicit and explicit reading tasks.

-Carboline dimers inhibit the tumor proliferation by the cell cycle arrest of sarcoma through intercalating to Cyclin-A2.

-Carbolines are potentially strong alkaloids with a wide range of bioactivities, and their dimers exhibit stronger antitumor activity other than the monomers. However, the detailed mechanisms of the -carboline dimers in inhibiting sarcoma (SARC) remain unclear. The results showed that -carboline-3-carboxylic acid dimers Comp1 and Comp2, which were synthesized in our lab and modified at the N position and linked at the C position, exhibited effective inhibition activity on MG-63 proliferation (IC 4.

[Clinical study of awake prone positioning treatment in patients with common coronavirus disease 2019 caused by Omicron variant].

Objective: To evaluate the clinical effect of awake prone positioning (APP) for common coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by Omicron variant.

Methods: Retrospectively analyze the clinical data of patients with COVID-19 caused by Omicron variant admitted by medical team of Tianjin Third Central Hospital during the period of supporting Tianjin COVID-19 designated hospital from January 8 to February 20, 2022. Patients who met the diagnostic criteria for common COVID-19 and had risk factors for developing severe disease or had pulse oxygen saturation (SpO) ≤ 0.

[Analysis of clinical characteristics of 362 vaccinated or unvaccinated patients infected by novel coronavirus Omicron variant].

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients infected by novel coronavirus Omicron variant, and also to analyze whether vaccination against novel coronavirus has an impact on the severity and prognosis of Omicron patients.

Methods: A prospective, single-center observational study was conducted to collect data of consecutive patients with Omicron variant infection admitted to the designated hospital for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) charged by Tianjin COVID-19 rescue medical team of Tianjin Third Central Hospital, from January 8 to February 2, 2022. The clinical characteristics of the patients were analyzed, and the influence of whether the patients were inoculated with booster vaccination on the condition and outcome was analyzed.

Glutamine Metabolism Is Required for Alveolar Regeneration during Lung Injury.

(1) Background: Abnormal repair after alveolar epithelial injury drives the progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The maintenance of epithelial integrity is based on the self-renewal and differentiation of alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells, which require sufficient energy. However, the role of glutamine metabolism in the maintenance of the alveolar epithelium remains unclear.

Targeting Oncogenic miR-181a-2-3p Inhibits Growth and Suppresses Cisplatin Resistance of Gastric Cancer.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the value of miR-181a-2-3p in cisplatin (DDP) treatment effectiveness prediction, and to reveal the function underlying the reversal of DDP resistance in patients with gastric cancer (GC).

Methods: miRNA expression dataset of three DDP-resistant GC cell lines and their DDP-sensitive parental cell lines obtained from GEO DataSets and GenBank, and functional miRNAs were annotated by bioinformatics analyses. Serum specimens and tumor samples were collected from 91 GC patients for understanding of the interrelation between chemotherapy response and miRNA expression.

Application of loop-mediated isothermal amplification and next-generation sequencing in the diagnosis of maternal tuberculosis with multiple negative tests: A case report.

Rationale: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide and is the leading infectious cause of death. The incidence of TB, especially active TB, is increased in pregnant and postpartum women. Newborns can be infected with TB from their mothers through several routes.

Percutaneous Mechanical Atherectomy Plus Thrombectomy Using the Rotarex®S Device Followed by a Drug-Coated Balloon for the Treatment of Femoropopliteal Artery In-stent Restenosis: A Prospective Single-Center, Single-Arm Efficacy Trial (PERMIT-ISR Trial).

Studies investigating debulking devices with drug-coated balloons (DCBs) in the treatment of femoropopliteal (FP) artery in-stent restenosis (ISR) are limited. We aimed to evaluate the safety and midterm outcome of percutaneous mechanical atherectomy plus thrombectomy (MATH) using the Rotarex®S (Straub Medical, Wangs, Switzerland) catheter followed by a DCB in the treatment of FP-ISR. This study was a single-center single-arm trial.

KAT2B is an immune infiltration-associated biomarker predicting prognosis and response to immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Over the past few years, dramatic breakthroughs in the field of tumor immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have made a therapeutic revolution for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). While only some patients present a favorable response to this treatment. It is urgent to explore the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of tumor immune microenvironment in the process of immunotherapy.

Endovascular treatment of aortic saddle embolism through percutaneous mechanical Thrombectomy via Straub Rotarex catheter.

Background: To summarize our experience of endovascular treatment for abdominal aorta saddle embolism (ASE) through percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy (PMT).

Methods: Clinical data of three ASE patients treated with an endovascular approach using percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy (PMT) were reviewed and analyzed.

Results: After PMT, blood flow of limbs was restored in all of the three patients.

Endovascular therapy for floating thrombus in the inferior vena cava.

Objective: We aimed to summarize the clinical characteristics of floating thrombus in the inferior vena cava (IVC).

Methods: From January 2014 to June 2019, four patients with floating thrombus in the IVC were admitted to our hospital and underwent intracavitary therapy. Diagnosis, therapy, and clinical characteristics of floating thrombus were summarized.

Airway epithelial regeneration requires autophagy and glucose metabolism.

Efficient repair of injured epithelium by airway progenitor cells could prevent acute inflammation from progressing into chronic phase in lung. Here, we used small molecules, genetic loss-of-function, organoid cultures, and in vivo lung-injury models to show that autophagy is essential for maintaining the pool of airway stem-like vClub cells by promoting their proliferation during ovalbumin-induced acute inflammation. Mechanistically, impaired autophagy disrupted glucose uptake in vClub progenitor cells, and either reduced accessibility to glucose or partial inhibition of glycolysis promoted the proliferative capacity of vClub progenitor cells and their daughter Club cells.

Percutaneous Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Superior Mesenteric Artery Embolism: Preliminary Experience in Five Cases.

Background: This study was performed to summarize our experience in treating acute superior mesenteric artery embolism (SMAE) by percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy (PMT).

Methods: The clinical data of five patients with acute SMAE treated by PMT in our center from October 2015 to May 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. PMT was performed under local anesthesia.

Safety and Efficacy of a Novel Shunt Surgery Combined with Foam Sclerotherapy of Varices for Prehepatic Portal Hypertension: A Pilot Study.

Objectives: This pilot study investigated the safety and efficacy of a novel shunt surgery combined with foam sclerotherapy of varices in patients with prehepatic portal hypertension.

Methods: Twenty-seven patients who were diagnosed with prehepatic portal hypertension and underwent shunt surgeries were divided into three groups by surgery type: shunt surgery alone (Group A), shunt surgery and devascularization (Group B), and shunt surgery combined with foam sclerotherapy (Group C). Between-group differences in operation time, intraoperative blood loss, portal pressure decrease, postoperative complications, rebleeding rates, encephalopathy, mortality rates and remission of gastroesophageal varices were compared.

Fatty Acid Metabolism is Associated With Disease Severity After H7N9 Infection.

Background: Human infections with the H7N9 virus could lead to lung damage and even multiple organ failure, which is closely associated with a high mortality rate. However, the metabolic basis of such systemic alterations remains unknown.

Methods: This study included hospitalized patients (n = 4) with laboratory-confirmed H7N9 infection, healthy controls (n = 9), and two disease control groups comprising patients with pneumonia (n = 9) and patients with pneumonia who received steroid treatment (n = 10).

Acute Massive Pulmonary Thromboembolism Treated by Selective Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis.

Background: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of selective catheter-directed thrombolysis (SCDT) in treating acute massive pulmonary thromboembolism (AMPTE).

Methods: Twenty-six AMPTE patients were enrolled between March 2010 and March 2013. A Uni*Fuse infusion system was inserted into the main pulmonary artery thrombus.

Nasal epithelial barrier disruption by particulate matter ≤2.5 μm via tight junction protein degradation.

Upper airway diseases including sinonasal disorders may be caused by exposure to fine particulate matter (≤2.5 μm; PM2.5), as proven by epidemiological studies.

Regulation of Leukocyte Recruitment to the Spleen and Peritoneal Cavity during Pristane-Induced Inflammation.

Chronic inflammation is associated with an increased number of leukocytes in the spleen, which are then redirected to the site of inflammation. However, it remains unknown how leukocyte recruitment is regulated. Herein, chronic inflammation was induced by intraperitoneal injection of pristane into mice.

Foam Sclerotherapy during Shunt Surgery for Portal Hypertension and Varices.

Objective: This preliminary study investigated the clinical safety and efficacy of foam sclerotherapy during shunt surgery to treat portal hypertension and gastroesophageal varices.

Methods: Seven patients with confirmed portal hypertension and a variceal bleeding history underwent mesocaval shunt with simultaneous polidocanol foam injection into the varices. Computed tomography and endoscopic reviews were conducted within two weeks following the procedures and around six months later.