Detection of cluster adverse drug events in the spontaneous reporting system of China using a disproportionality filter algorithm.

What Is Known And Objective: Cluster adverse drug events (CADEs) are multiple ADEs with similar clinical manifestations involving the same drug, manufactured by the same company, that occur within a short time period. The disproportionality filter algorithm (DFA) is a promising tool for the identification of historical clusters related to ADEs. The Chinese spontaneous adverse drug reaction reporting system (SRS) may serve as an important database for the detection of CADEs.

Establishment of an artificial diet for successive rearing of Apolygus lucorum (Hemiptera: Miridae).

The plant bug Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür) is a major pest on Bt cotton and multiple crops in northern China. A modified NI artificial diet called T7 was developed to rear this pest for 10 successive generations both individually and in groups. This T7 diet was similar in components and preparation process to the NI diet used for Lygus hesperus in North America, but was comprised of more whole chicken eggs, soybean lecithin, and Vanderzant vitamin mixture, and less brewer's yeast, wheat germ, lima bean meal, soy flour, and sugars than NI diet.

[In vitro and in vivo biodegradation of sustained-release vehicle poloxamer 407 in situ gel].

Objective: To observe the biodegradation of poloxamer 407 gel in acoustic capsule in vitro and in vivo, and to explore the applied perspective in the local drug delayed-release treatment for inner ear disorders.

Method: Weighing the remained amount of poloxamer 407 gel at 37 degrees C at fixation time interval. The right ears of 15 healthy guinea pigs as experimental group were perfused with 20% poloxamer 407 solution 100 microl in round window niche, the left ears as control group with normal saline.

[Effect of poloxamer 407 on the cochlear morphology and hearing function after perfusion in round window: experiment with guinea pigs].

Objective: To observe the effect of sustained-release vehicle-Poloxamer 407 on the function and morphology of the cochlear after perfusion in round window.

Methods: The right ears of 16 guinea pigs as experimental group were perfusion with 20% Poloxamer 407 solusion 100 microl in round window, the left ears as control group with normal saline. Another 4 animals without treatment were in negative control group.

[Effect of poloxamer 407 on the middle ear and inner ear after regional perfusion in guinea pigs].

Objective: To observe the biodegradation and absorption of poloxamer 407 in vivo, and the effect of poloxamer 407 on the middle ear and inner ear after regional perfusion in guinea pigs.

Methods: The right ears of 10 guinea pigs as experimental group were perfused with 20% poloxamer 407 in situ gel 100 microl in round window niche, with the left ears as control group with normal saline. Another two animals without treatment were in negative control group.

[Experimental study of the facial nerve paralysis induced by herpes simplex virus type 1 infection in mice].

Objective: To establish an animal model of Bell palsy induced by type I herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) infection and to assess the role and site of HSV-1 in the pathogenesis of facial paralysis.

Methods: Fifty-three female Balb/c mice four-week-old weighted 16-18 g were studied. After scratching the surface of bilateral auricles with a 26-gauge needle, 25 microL HSV-1 with a titer of 6.

[The diagnosis and therapy for cholesterol granuloma of middle ear].

Objective: To explore the diagnosis for cholesterol granuloma of middle ear, and discuss the effect of middle ear surgery for this disease.

Method: The files of 18 patients (19 ears) with cholesterol granuloma of middle ear were reviewed in a retrospective study. All patients received middle ear and mastoid surgery, and all involved tissues were verified as cholesterol granuloma by pathologic examination.

[Analysis of preoperative findings and ossicular condition in chronic suppurative otitis media].

Objective: To discussion the relationship of preoperative findings and ossicular condition in chronic suppurative otitis media.

Method: The correlation between the ossicular conditions and classification of tympanic membrane perforation, ear discharge, air conduction pure tone average, air-bone gap, pneumatization, complication, and cholesteatoma in 251 patients(288 ears) with chronic suppurative otitis media was analysed.

Result: The air-conduction threshold and air-bone gap in patients with ossicular discontinuity are higher than that in patients with ossicular continuity.

[Analysis of sensorineural hearing loss in chronic suppurative otitis media].

Objective: To explore the association between chronic suppurative otitis media and sensorineural hearing loss.

Method: The files of 147 patients with unilateral chronic suppurative media were reviewed in a retrospective study. Differences between diseased and control ear bone conduction thresholds were analysed by the paired student's t-test over the four frequencies (0.