SPI1-mediated macrophage polarization aggravates age-related macular degeneration.

Objective: This study revealed a core regulator and common upstream mechanisms for the multifaceted pathological processes of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and provided proof-of-concept for this new therapeutic target.

Methods: Comprehensive gene expression analysis was performed using RNA sequencing of eye cup from old mice as well as laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) mouse model. Through integrative analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, common pathways and key transcription factor was identified simultaneously engaged in age-related retinal degeneration and CNV, the two typical pathological process of AMD.

Fairer AI in ophthalmology via implicit fairness learning for mitigating sexism and ageism.

The transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI) in various fields highlights the need for it to be both accurate and fair. Biased medical AI systems pose significant potential risks to achieving fair and equitable healthcare. Here, we show an implicit fairness learning approach to build a fairer ophthalmology AI (called FairerOPTH) that mitigates sex (biological attribute) and age biases in AI diagnosis of eye diseases.

Transfer RNA derived fragment, tRF-Glu-CTC, aggravates the development of neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Angiogenesis expedites tissue impairment in many diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of irreversible blindness in elderly. A substantial proportion of neovascular AMD patients, characterized by aberrant choroidal neovascularization (CNV), exhibit poor responses or adverse reactions to anti-VEGF therapy. Herein, we aimed to unveil the function of newly identified transfer RNA-derived small RNA, tRF-Glu-CTC, in the pathology of CNV and determine its potential in inhibiting angiogenesis.

Proteotranscriptomic analyses reveal distinct interferon-beta signaling pathways and therapeutic targets in choroidal neovascularization.

Aim: To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the onset of choroidal neovascularization (CNV).

Methods: Integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of retinas in mice with laser-induced CNV were performed using RNA sequencing and tandem mass tag. In addition, the laser-treated mice received systemic interferon-β (IFN-β) therapy.

Retinal Vascular Geometry in Hypertension: cSLO-Based Method.

Introduction: We aim to introduce a method using confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO) images for measuring retinal vascular geometry, including vessel branch angle (BA), vessel diameter, vessel tortuosity, and fractal dimension (D), and to elucidate the relationship between hypertension and these metrics.

Methods: A total of 119 participants (119 eyes) were enrolled, among which 72 were normotensive and 47 were hypertensive. Infrared cSLO images were extracted from the circular scan around the optics disc using a commercial cSLO + optical coherence tomography instrument.

Intravitreal injection of EV11, a novel aryl ketone amide, inhibits choroidal neovascularization via AKT/ERK1/2 pathway.

Purpose: Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is the major cause of irreversible vision loss associated with age-related macular disease (AMD). The currently clinical chemical therapeutic strategies are of high cost and facing supply chain shortage. In our study, we aim to investigate EV11, a novel derivative from Sorafenib, as a new approach to inhibit the formation of CNV.

Adipose/Connective Tissue From Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy Uncovers Interdependence Between Methylation and Disease Pathogenesis: A Genome-Wide Methylation Analysis.

In response to pathological stimulation, methylation status conversion of the genome drives changes of cell feature and is able to promote disease development. Yet the role of methylation in the development of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) remains to be evaluated. Overexpansion of orbital tissue is the key feature of TAO.

A deep learning system for detecting diabetic retinopathy across the disease spectrum.

Retinal screening contributes to early detection of diabetic retinopathy and timely treatment. To facilitate the screening process, we develop a deep learning system, named DeepDR, that can detect early-to-late stages of diabetic retinopathy. DeepDR is trained for real-time image quality assessment, lesion detection and grading using 466,247 fundus images from 121,342 patients with diabetes.

Comparison of Two Spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography Scan Modes for Measuring Retinal Vessel Diameter.

: To assess the agreement between Line 3-5 raster scan mode and circular scan mode for measuring retinal vessel diameter, and to analyze the influence of scanning distance on retinal vessel diameter and agreement.: 79 healthy participants (79 eyes) were scanned with two modes. The scanning distance was defined as the distance from the center of the optic disc to the intersection of the blood vessel and the scan line on the raster image.

Automatic Grading System for Diabetic Retinopathy Diagnosis Using Deep Learning Artificial Intelligence Software.

: To describe the development and validation of an artificial intelligence-based, deep learning algorithm (DeepDR) for the detection of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in retinal fundus photographs. : Five hundred fundus images, which had detailed labelling of DR lesions, were transmitted to be analysed, including localization of the optic disk and macular, vessel segmentation, detection of lesions, and grading of DR. The multi-level iterative method of convolutional neural network and the strategy of enhanced learning were used to improve the accuracy of the system (DeepDR) for grading DR.

Extract Polysaccharide H-1-2 Suppresses Pancreatic Cancer by Inhibiting Hypoxia-Induced AG2.

We aimed to examine the therapeutic potential of polysaccharide H-1-2, a bioactive component of , against pancreatic cancer, as well as to demonstrate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Invasion and migration of pancreatic cells treated with H-1-2 were evaluated. A xenograft tumor mouse model was established to assess the effect of H-1-2 on tumor growth.

Rb1/Rbl1/Vhl loss induces mouse subretinal angiomatous proliferation and hemangioblastoma.

Von Hippel-Lindau (Vhl) protein inhibits hypoxia-inducible factor (Hif), yet its deletion in murine retina does not cause the extensive angiogenesis expected with Hif induction. The mechanism is unclear. Here we show that retinoblastoma tumor suppressor (Rb1) constrains expression of Hif target genes in the Vhl-/- retina.

Prognostic significance of interleukin-17 in solid tumors: a meta-analysis.

Background: The prognostic significance of intratumoral and peripheral interleukin-17 (IL-17) in tumors has been studied worldwide during these years, providing un-uniformed conclusions.

Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis of published literatures that evaluated the correlation between IL-17 and clinical staging, overall survival (OS) and/or disease free survival (DFS).

Results: A total of 28 studies enrolling 2902 patients were included.

Prognostic significance of STAT3/phosphorylated-STAT3 in tumor: a meta-analysis of literatures.

Purpose: The prognostic value of the expression of STAT3/phosphorylated-STAT3 on survival for cancer patients remains controversial. We performed a meta-analysis of the published literature in this field to identify its impact.

Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis of 26 studies (n=3877 patients) that evaluated the relationship between the prognostic value and the expression of STAT3/phosphorylated-STAT3 in 15 different kinds of carcinomas.

Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 expression as a prognosic biomarker in patients with solid tumor: a meta analysis.

Purpose: A great deal of studies have been performed on the prognostic value of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in solid tumors in recent years. However, no consistent outcomes are reported. Therefore, the prognostic value of MCP-1 still remains controversial in patients with solid tumors.