Modeling crash avoidance behaviors in vehicle-pedestrian near-miss scenarios: Curvilinear time-to-collision and Mamba-driven deep reinforcement learning.

Interactions between vehicle-pedestrian at intersections often lead to safety-critical situations. This study aims to model the crash avoidance behaviors of vehicles during interactions with pedestrians in near-miss scenarios, contributing to the development of collision avoidance systems and safety-aware traffic simulations. Unmanned aerial vehicles were leveraged to collect high-resolution trajectory data of vehicle-pedestrian at urban intersections.

Development and evaluation of a deep learning model for multi-frequency Gibbs artifact elimination.

Background: Gibbs artifacts frequently occur as a result of truncation in the frequency domain (k-space). Gibbs artifacts can degrade image quality and may be misinterpreted as syrinx, thereby complicating the diagnosis. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a robust deep learning (DL) model that eliminates multi-frequency Gibbs artifacts.

Ultralight Electrospun Composite Filters with Vertical Ternary Spatial Network for High-Performance PM Purification.

Air pollutants, particularly highly permeable particulate matter (PM), threaten public health and environmental sustainability due to extensive filter media consumption. Existing melt-blown nonwoven filters struggle with PM removal, energy consumption, and disposal burdens. Here, an ultralight composite filter with a vertical ternary spatial network (TSN) structure that saves ≈98% of raw material usage and reduces fabrication time by 99.

A coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation on the mechanical and thermal properties of natural rubber composites reinforced by fullerene nanoparticles.

Context: The influence of fullerene C60 on the mechanical and thermal properties of natural rubber was systematically investigated using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. The tensile results demonstrate that systems with longer NR chains exhibit reduced tensile strength. Moreover, the addition of C60 nanoparticles significantly enhanced the mechanical properties, with Young's modulus, yield strength, and tensile strength increasing by approximately 24.

The role of biodegradable plastics in lignite anaerobic digestion: Changes of organics transformation and metabolic pathway.

Biodegradable plastics (BPs) and lignite, both rich in organic matter, present significant challenges for efficient conversion into clean energy. This study examined the anaerobic co-digestion of BPs and lignite under controlled laboratory conditions. The results demonstrated that the co-digestion of polylactic acid (PLA) and lignite (at a 1:2 mass ratio, with 5 g PLA and 10 g lignite as the model system) rapidly acclimated to the anaerobic environment, enhancing cumulative biogas production by 57 % compared to the mono-digestion of lignite alone.

YOLO-Ginseng: a detection method for ginseng fruit in natural agricultural environment.

Introduction: The accurate and rapid detection of ginseng fruits in natural environments is crucial for the development of intelligent harvesting equipment for ginseng fruits. Due to the complexity and density of the growth environment of ginseng fruits, some newer visual detection methods currently fail to meet the requirements for accurate and rapid detection of ginseng fruits. Therefore, this study proposes the YOLO-Ginseng detection method.

Al-N Bridge Site Enabling Interlayer Charge Transfer Boosts the Direct Photosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide from Water and Air.

Manipulating the electronic environment of the reactive center to lower the energy barrier of the rate-determining water oxidation step for boosting the direct generation of HO from water, air, and sunlight is fascinating yet remains a grand challenge. Driven by a first-principles screening across a series of metal single atoms in carbon nitride, we report a class of an Al-N bridge site enabling interlayer charge transfer in carbon nitride nanotubes (CNNT-Al) for the highly efficient photosynthesis of HO directly from water, oxygen, and sunlight. We demonstrate that the interlayered Al-N bridge site in CNNT-Al is able to activate the neighboring surface N atom for promoting the rate-determining step of the two-electron water oxidation to HO.

Dual light-responsive shape transformations of a nanocomposite hydrogel sheet enabled by etching shaped plasmonic nanoparticles.

We report here on dual shape transformations of the same thermo-responsive hybrid hydrogel sheet under irradiation of a laser with two different wavelengths (808 nm and 450 nm). By etching the silver nanoprisms in the sheet to silver nanodiscs by using chloride ions (Cl), two areas with distinct light extinction properties are integrated in a single sheet. The conversion of photon energy to thermal energy in local areas by the silver nanoprisms or nanodiscs under laser irradiation with an appropriate wavelength heats up the sheet locally and causes a local volumetric shrinkage, and hence a volumetric mismatch in different areas in the sheet.

Modeling Indoor Inorganic Aerosol Concentrations During the ATHLETIC Campaign with IMAGES.

In 2018, the ATHLETIC campaign was conducted at the University of Colorado Dal Ward Athletic Center and characterized dynamic indoor air composition in a gym environment. Among other parameters, inorganic particle and gas-phase species were alternatingly measured in the gym's supply duct and weight room. The Indoor Model of Aerosols, Gases, Emissions, and Surfaces (IMAGES) uses the inorganic aerosol thermodynamic equilibrium model, ISORROPIA, to estimate the partitioning of inorganic aerosols and corresponding gases.

Phosphine-Mediated Reductive Insertion of α-Keto Esters and Isatins into Phthalic Anhydride Derivatives.

Herein, we report an unprecedented P(NMe)-mediated reductive insertion of 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds including α-keto esters and isatins into phthalic anhydride-derived alkenes and phthalic anhydrides, which furnishes the corresponding isochroman-1-ones and isochroman-1,4-diones, respectively, in moderate to excellent yields with high chemo- and regioselectivity. Furthermore, the asymmetric version of the ring expansion reaction could be realized by using a chiral auxiliary strategy. Mechanistically, the nucleophilic attack of the Kukhtin-Ramirez adduct, generated from P(NMe) and 1,2-dicarbonyl compound, to the anhydride derivative, followed by a cascade ring-opening and ring-closure process, affords the ring expansion product.

YOLOv5s-BiPCNeXt, a Lightweight Model for Detecting Disease in Eggplant Leaves.

Ensuring the healthy growth of eggplants requires the precise detection of leaf diseases, which can significantly boost yield and economic income. Improving the efficiency of plant disease identification in natural scenes is currently a crucial issue. This study aims to provide an efficient detection method suitable for disease detection in natural scenes.

"Turn-on" fluorescent sensor for glycerol based on hydrazine-bridged bis-tetraphenylimidazole.

Glycerol is an important biological molecule, but no facile and on-site fluorescence sensor for detecting glycerol has been reported up to now. In this work, the organic fluorescent sensor for glycerol was prepared based on hydrazine-bridged bis-tetraphenylimidazole (HBT), which exhibited an excellent "turn-on" blue fluorescence response in detecting glycerol for the first time. The good sensing selectivity for glycerol among all kinds of organic molecules and ions was confirmed with the low detection limitation (LOD=0.

Imidazolium-decorated Bis-cyanostilbene Macrocycle: An Effect Fluorescence Sensor for Pesticide Starane.

Fluorescence sensors for complicated molecules such as pesticides were paid much attention lately due to the merits of simple operation, high sensitivity and selectivity, and in-situ detection. In this work, a novel fluorescent sensor for pesticide starane was prepared based on imidazolium-decorated bis-cyanostilbene macrocycle (IBM). IBM exhibited the obvious "turn-on" fluorescence change from dark blue-green to bright blue after sensing starane with the high sensing selectivity among 28 kinds of guests.

Macrocyclic-based strategy in drug design: From lab to the clinic.

Macrocyclic compounds have emerged as potent tools in the field of drug design, offering unique advantages for enhancing molecular recognition, improving pharmacokinetic properties, and expanding the chemical space accessible to medicinal chemists. This review delves into the evolutionary trajectory of macrocyclic-based strategies, tracing their journey from laboratory innovations to clinical applications. Beginning with an exploration of the defining structural features of macrocycles and their impact on drug-like characteristics, this discussion progresses to highlight key design principles that have facilitated the development of diverse macrocyclic drug candidates.

The multiple mediating effects of self-efficacy and resilience on the relationship between social support and procrastination among vocational college students: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Previous research has revealed a negative association between social support and procrastination. However, few studies have investigated the mechanism underlying this relationship among vocational college students.

Objective: Based on the social cognitive theory, this study was intended to investigate the multiple mediating effects of self-efficacy and resilience on the relationship between social support and procrastination among vocational college students.

Investigating functional mechanisms in the Co-biodegradation of lignite and guar gum under the influence of salinity.

The biodegradation of guar gum by microorganisms sourced from coalbeds can result in low-temperature gel breaking, thereby reducing reservoir damage. However, limited attention has been given to the influence of salinity on the synergistic biodegradation of coal and guar gum. In this study, biodegradation experiments of guar gum and lignite were conducted under varying salinity conditions.

Metabolism mechanisms of biogenic methane production by synergistic biodegradation of lignite and guar gum.

Coalbed methane (CBM) presents a promising energy source for addressing global energy shortages. Nonetheless, challenges such as low gas production from individual wells and difficulties in breaking gels at low temperatures during extraction hinder its efficient utilization. Addressing this, we explored native microorganisms within coal seams to degrade guar gum, thereby enhancing CBM production.

A "turn-on" fluorescent sensor for herbicide quizalofop-p-ethyl based on cyanostilbene-pyridine macrocycle.

Quizalofop-p-ethyl is a widely used herbicide that also poses a risk to human health and environmental safety. However, there is still a lack of simple and in-situ detecting method for quizalofop-p-ethyl so far. In this work, the fluorescent sensor was firstly developed on detection of quizalofop-p-ethyl based on cyanostilbene-pyridine macrocycle (CPM).

Analysis of landfill leachate promoting efficient application of weathered coal anaerobic fermentation.

This research aimed to develop a new method for clean utilization and treatment of landfill leachate and solid waste weathered coal. Landfill leachate and weathered coal were adopted for combined anaerobic fermentation for methane production. The characteristics of microbial community, mechanism of biological methane production, and utilization characteristics of fermentation broth and solid residue for co-fermentation were analyzed through metagenomics, soluble organic matter detection and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis.

Carbon-Extraction-Induced Biaxial Strain Tuning of Carbon-Intercalated Iridium Metallene for Hydrogen Evolution Catalysis.

Metallene materials with atomic thicknesses are receiving increasing attention in electrocatalysis due to ultrahigh surface areas and distinctive surface strain. However, the continuous strain regulation of metallene remains a grand challenge. Herein, taking advantage of autocatalytic reduction of Cu on biaxially strained, carbon-intercalated Ir metallene, we achieve control over the carbon extraction kinetics, enabling fine regulation of carbon intercalation concentration and continuous tuning of (111) in-plane (-2.

Variance reflects resilience to disturbance along a stress gradient: Experimental evidence from coastal marshes.

Quantifying ecosystem resilience to disturbance is important for understanding the effects of disturbances on ecosystems, especially in an era of rapid global change. However, there are few studies that have used standardized experimental disturbances to compare resilience patterns across abiotic gradients in real-world ecosystems. Theoretical studies have suggested that increased return times are associated with increasing variance during recovery from disturbance.