The Structural Role of RPN10 in the 26S Proteasome and an RPN2-Binding Residue on RPN13 Are Functionally Important in Arabidopsis.

The ubiquitin receptors RPN10 and RPN13 harbor multiple activities including ubiquitin binding; however, solid evidence connecting a particular activity to specific in vivo functions is scarce. Through complementation, the ubiquitin-binding site-truncated Arabidopsis RPN10 (N215) rescued the growth defects of , supporting the idea that the ubiquitin-binding ability of RPN10 is dispensable and N215, which harbors a vWA domain, is fully functional. Instead, a structural role played by RPN10 in the 26S proteasomes is likely vital in vivo.

Fault Diagnosis Method for Space Fluid Loop Systems Based on Improved Evidence Theory.

Addressing the challenges posed by the complexity of the structure and the multitude of sensor types installed in space application fluid loop systems, this paper proposes a fault diagnosis method based on an improved D-S evidence theory. The method first employs the Gaussian affiliation function to convert the information acquired by sensors into BPA functions. Subsequently, it utilizes a pignistic probability transformation to convert the multiple subset focal elements into single subset focal elements.

The impact of government subsidy and weather on environmentally sustainable investment decision for agricultural supply chain.

This paper studies the environmentally sustainable investment of an agricultural supply chain composed of a farmer and a company, under three subsidy policies which are the non-subsidy policy, the fixed subsidy policy, and the Agriculture Risk Coverage (ARC) subsidy policy. Then, we analyse the impact of different subsidy policy and adverse weather on the costs of the government and profits of the farmer and the company. By comparing with the non-subsidy policy, we find that both the fixed subsidy policy and the ARC policy encourage the farmer to improve the environmentally sustainable investment level and increase the profit of the farmer and the company.

The Arabidopsis Deubiquitylase OTU5 Suppresses Flowering by Histone Modification-Mediated Activation of the Major Flowering Repressors , , and .

Distinct phylogeny and substrate specificities suggest that 12 Arabidopsis Ovarian Tumor domain-containing (OTU) deubiquitinases participate in conserved or plant-specific functions. The null mutant displayed a pleiotropic phenotype, including early flowering, mimicking that of mutants harboring defects in subunits (e.g.

Conditional empirical wavelet transform with modified ratio of cyclic content for bearing fault diagnosis.

Empirical wavelet transform (EWT) is usually employed to segment Fourier spectrum for fault diagnosis. However, the original empirical segmentation approach may be easily affected by noise. In this paper, several conditions and a modified ratio of cyclic content are then proposed to help establish proper spectrum segments and to improve fault diagnosis.

Safety Impact Analysis Considering Physical Failures and Cyber-Attacks for Mechanically Pumped Loop Systems (MPLs).

As complex systems composed of physical and cyber components, mechanically pumped loop systems (MPLs) are vulnerable to both passive threats (e.g., physical failures) and active threats such as cyber-attacks launched on the network control systems.

Genetic Alteration and Their Significance on Clinical Events in Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Introduction: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), an aggressive subtype of lung cancer characterized by the development of neuroendocrine tumors, is prone to distant metastasis, resistant to platinum-based drugs and has a poor prognosis. The development of next-generation sequencing technology (NGS) has led to the identification of many genetic alterations in SCLC. Few druggable targeted molecules can be used in clinical practice.

Dynamic changes of acquired T790M mutation and small cell lung cancer transformation in a patient with EGFR-mutant adenocarcinoma after first- and third-generation EGFR-TKIs: a case report.

Epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) T790M mutation and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) transformation are well-known resistance mechanisms acquired during treatment with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Various mechanisms sometimes coexist in patients. Here, we report a 57-year-old female diagnosed with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma, who harbored an EGFR exon 19 deletion mutation.

PRAS40 hyperexpression promotes hepatocarcinogenesis.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers, whereas the molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. PRAS40 (encoded by AKT1S1) phosphorylation was increased in human melanoma, prostate cancer and lung cancer specimens, which was considered as the results of Akt activation. However the mechanism in detail and its role in HCC stay elusive.

miRNA-31-5p Mediates the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Human Spermatogonial Stem Cells via Targeting JAZF1 and Cyclin A2.

Several lines of evidence highlight the important application of human spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) in translational medicine. The fate decisions of SSCs are mainly mediated by genetic and epigenetic factors. We have recently demonstrated that PAK1 regulates the proliferation, DNA synthesis, and early apoptosis of human SSCs through the PDK1/KDR/ZNF367 and ERK1/2 and AKT pathway.

MiR-663a Stimulates Proliferation and Suppresses Early Apoptosis of Human Spermatogonial Stem Cells by Targeting NFIX and Regulating Cell Cycle.

Human spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) could have significant applications in reproductive medicine and regenerative medicine because of their great plasticity. The fate determinations of human SSCs are mediated by epigenetic factors. However, nothing is known about the regulation of non-coding RNA on human SSCs.

PAK1 Promotes the Proliferation and Inhibits Apoptosis of Human Spermatogonial Stem Cells via PDK1/KDR/ZNF367 and ERK1/2 and AKT Pathways.

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) have significant applications in reproductive and regenerative medicine. However, nothing is known about genes in mediating human SSCs. Here we have explored for the first time the function and mechanism of P21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) in regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of the human SSC line.

Gene Silencing of Human Sertoli Cells Utilizing Small Interfering RNAs.

Sertoli cells, as the unique somatic cells within the seminiferous tubules, play essential roles in regulating normal spermatogenesis. In addition, recent studies have demonstrated that Sertoli cells could have significant applications in regenerative medicine due to their great plasticity. However, the roles of genes in controlling the fate determinations of human Sertoli cells remain largely unknown.

Transcriptional regulation of P63 on the apoptosis of male germ cells and three stages of spermatogenesis in mice.

Infertility affects 10-15% of couples worldwide, and male factors account for 50%. Spermatogenesis is precisely regulated by genetic factors, and the mutations of genes result in abnormal spermatogenesis and eventual male infertility. The aim of this study was to explore the role and transcriptional regulation of P63 in the apoptosis and mouse spermatogenesis.

Efficient generation of functional haploid spermatids from human germline stem cells by three-dimensional-induced system.

Generation of functional spermatids from human spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) in vitro is of utmost importance for uncovering mechanisms underlying human germ cell development and treating infertility. Here we report a three-dimensional-induced (3D-I) system by which human SSCs were efficiently differentiated into functional haploid spermatids. Human SSCs were isolated and identified phenotypically.

The Deubiquitinase OTU5 Regulates Root Responses to Phosphate Starvation.

Phosphorus, taken up by plants as inorganic phosphate (Pi), is an essential but often growth-limiting mineral nutrient for plants. As part of an orchestrated response to improve its acquisition, insufficient Pi supply triggers alterations in root architecture and epidermal cell morphogenesis. Arabidopsis () mutants defective in the expression of the () exhibited a constitutive Pi deficiency root phenotype, comprising the formation of long and dense root hairs and attenuated primary root growth.

Distinct Expression Profiles and Novel Targets of MicroRNAs in Human Spermatogonia, Pachytene Spermatocytes, and Round Spermatids between OA Patients and NOA Patients.

Human spermatogenesis includes three main stages, namely, the mitosis of spermatogonia, meiosis of spermatocytes, and spermiogenesis of spermatids, which are precisely regulated by epigenetic and genetic factors. Abnormality of epigenetic and genetic factors can result in aberrant spermatogenesis and eventual male infertility. However, epigenetic regulators in controlling each stage of normal and abnormal human spermatogenesis remain unknown.

Deubiquitinating Enzyme OTU5 Contributes to DNA Methylation Patterns and Is Critical for Phosphate Nutrition Signals.

Phosphate (Pi) starvation induces a suite of adaptive responses aimed at recalibrating cellular Pi homeostasis. Plants harboring a mutation in () showed altered DNA methylation of root hair-related genes and altered Pi-responsive root traits. Unlike the wild type, homozygous mutants did not respond to Pi starvation by increased lateral root formation and increased root hair length but formed very short root hairs when grown on low-Pi media.

BMP6 Regulates Proliferation and Apoptosis of Human Sertoli Cells Via Smad2/3 and Cyclin D1 Pathway and DACH1 and TFAP2A Activation.

Sertoli cells are essential for regulating normal spermatogenesis. However, the mechanisms underlying human Sertoli cell development remain largely elusive. Here we examined the function and signaling pathways of BMP6 in regulating human Sertoli cells.

Generation and characteristics of human Sertoli cell line immortalized by overexpression of human telomerase.

Sertoli cells are required for normal spermatogenesis and they can be reprogrammed to other types of functional cells. However, the number of primary Sertoli cells is rare and human Sertoli cell line is unavailable. In this study, we have for the first time reported a stable human Sertoli cell line, namely hS1 cells, by overexpression of human telomerase.

Transdifferentiation of human male germline stem cells to hepatocytes in vivo via the transplantation under renal capsules.

Here we proposed a new concept that human spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) can transdifferentiate into hepatocytes in vivo. We first established liver injury model of mice by carbon tetrachloride to provide proper environment for human SSC transplantation. Liver mesenchymal cells were isolated from mice and identified phenotypically.

Distinct phylogenetic relationships and biochemical properties of Arabidopsis ovarian tumor-related deubiquitinases support their functional differentiation.

The reverse reaction of ubiquitylation is catalyzed by different classes of deubiquitylation enzymes (DUBs), including ovarian tumor domain (OTU)-containing DUBs; experiments using Homo sapiens proteins have demonstrated that OTU DUBs modulate various cellular processes. With the exception of OTLD1, plant OTU DUBs have not been characterized. We identified 12 Arabidopsis thaliana OTU loci and analyzed 11 of the encoded proteins in vitro to determine their preferences for the ubiquitin (UB) chains of M1, K48, and K63 linkages as well as the UB-/RUB-/SUMO-GST fusions.