Mechanisms of Heat Stress on Neuroendocrine and Organ Damage and Nutritional Measures of Prevention and Treatment in Poultry.

Heat stress (HS) due to high temperatures has adverse effects on poultry, including decreased feed intake, lower feed efficiency, decreased body weight, and higher mortality. There are complex mechanisms behind heat stress in poultry involving the neuroendocrine system, organ damage, and other physiological systems. HS activates endocrine glands, such as the pituitary, adrenal, thyroid, and gonadal, by the action of the hypothalamus and sympathetic nerves, ultimately causing changes in hormone levels: HS leads to increased corticosterone levels, changes in triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels, decreased gonadotropin levels, reduced ovarian function, and the promotion of catecholamine release, which ultimately affects the normal productive performance of poultry.

Development of a pH-Sensitive Nanoparticle via Self-Assembly of Fucoidan and Protamine for the Oral Delivery of Insulin.

: Oral insulin delivery has received much attention over the past 20 years due to its high compliance. The aim of this study is to prepare nanoparticles for the oral delivery of insulin; : Fucoidan and protamine were used to prepare a pH-sensitive nanoparticle via self-assembly. The secondary structure and in vitro stability of the nanoparticles were characterized using FTIR, XRD, ITC, and TEM.

Study on quality characteristics, shelf-life prediction and frying mass transfer of breaded tilapia nuggets.

Deep-fried breaded tilapia nuggets (DFBTNs) have good market prospects as a tilapia deep-processed product. In this study, we used pre-optimized DFBTNs to simulate the mass change from storage to consumption and investigated the changes in storage shelf-life and frying mass transfer kinetics of DFBTNs. Microbial growth trend and shelf-life prediction models at different storage temperatures were developed using a modified Gompertz equation.

The Cryoprotective Effect of an Antifreeze Collagen Peptide Complex Obtained by Enzymatic Glycosylation on Tilapia.

Antifreeze peptides have become effective antifreeze agents for frozen products, but their low quantity of active ingredients and high cost limit large-scale application. This study used the glycosylation of fish collagen peptides with glucosamine hydrochloride catalyzed by transglutaminase to obtain a transglutaminase-catalyzed glycosylation product (TGP) and investigate its antifreeze effect on tilapia. Compared with the blank group, the freshness (pH value of 6.

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum FRT4 attenuates high-energy low-protein diet-induced fatty liver hemorrhage syndrome in laying hens through regulating gut-liver axis.

Background: Fatty liver hemorrhage syndrome (FLHS) becomes one of the most major factors resulting in the laying hen death for caged egg production. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (Lp. plantarum) FRT4 on FLHS model in laying hen with a focus on liver lipid metabolism, and gut microbiota.

Optimization of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Production by FRT7 from Chinese Paocai.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a widely available non-protein amino acid whose physiological importance goes beyond its role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in mammals. The GABA synthesis ability of ten strains of was screened. They produced GABA ranging from 48.

Environmental risk assessment near a typical spent lead-acid battery recycling factory in China.

In recent years, environmental pollution and public health incidents caused by the recycling of spent lead-acid batteries (LABs) has becoming more frequent, posing potential risk to both the ecological environment and human health. Accurately assessing the environmental risk associated with the recycling of spent LABs is a prerequisite for achieving pollution control. In this study, a spent LABs recycling factory in Chongqing was investigated through on-site investigation, sample analysis.

Dietary shapes the foregut microbiota, improving nutrient digestibility and intestinal health in broiler chickens.

is considered a potential alternative to antibiotic growth promoters of animal growth and health. However, the effects of on the foregut and hindgut microbiota, and their relationships with nutrient digestion and health, in broiler chickens remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to identify the effects of BCG on intestinal digestion and absorption, tight junctions, inflammation, and the fore- and hind-gut microbiota.

Chemical Characterization and Immunomodulatory Activity of Fucoidan from .

Fucoidan is a sulfated algal polyanionic polysaccharide that possesses many biological activities. In this paper, a fucoidan (SHF) polysaccharide was extracted from collected in the South China Sea. The SHF, with a molecular weight of 1166.

Metabolomic Characteristics of Liver and Cecum Contents in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obese Mice Intervened with FRT10.

Obesity has become a major social problem related to health and quality of life. Our previous work demonstrated that FRT10 alleviated obesity in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice by alleviating gut dysbiosis. However, the underlying functions of FRT10 in regulating liver and cecum contents metabolism remain unknown.

Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) seed oil supplementation attenuates immunological stress and inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide-challenged laying hens.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of PUFA-enriched rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) seed oil (RSO) supplementation in diets on the productive performance, plasma biochemical parameters, immune response, and inflammation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged laying hens. Two hundred and forty 25-wk-old Lohmann Brown laying hens were randomly divided into 5 treatments, each including 4 replicates with 12 birds per replicate. The control group and LPS-challenged group were fed a corn-soybean-basal diet; 3 RSO-supplemented groups were fed experimental diets containing 1, 2, and 4% RSO for a feeding period of 4 wk.

FRT4 alleviated obesity by modulating gut microbiota and liver metabolome in high-fat diet-induced obese mice.

Background: Obesity has become a global epidemic recognized by the World Health Organization. Probiotics supplementation has been shown to contribute to improve lipid metabolism. However, mechanisms of action of probiotics against obesity are still not clear.

Severe choline deficiency induces alternative splicing aberrance in optimized duck primary hepatocyte cultures.

Objective: Choline deficiency, one main trigger for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is closely related to lipid metabolism disorder. Previous study in a choline-deficient model has largely focused on gene expression rather than gene structure, especially sparse are studies regarding to alternative splicing (AS). In modern life science research, primary hepatocytes culture technology facilitates such studies, which can accurately imitate liver activity in vitro and show unique superiority.

Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Rubber Seed Oil in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW 267.4 Macrophages.

Rubber seed oil (RSO) is a typical PUFA-enriched plant oil, but it has not been widely used as a healthy edible oil resource due to the lack of understanding of its nutritional values, health biological effects, and action mechanisms. This work was conducted to characterize the basic physicochemical properties, evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and explore the involved mechanisms of RSO in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells.

Chitosan/Alginate Nanoparticles for the Enhanced Oral Antithrombotic Activity of Clam Heparinoid from the Clam .

Chitosan/alginate nanoparticles (DG1-NPs and DG1/Cur-NPs) aiming to enhance the oral antithrombotic activity of clam heparinoid DG1 were prepared by ionotropic pre-gelation. The influence of parameters, such as the concentration of sodium alginate (SA), chitosan (CTS), CaCl, clam heparinoid DG1, and curcumin (Cur), on the characteristics of the nanoparticles, were investigated. Results indicate that chitosan and alginate can be used as polymer matrices to encapsulate DG1, and nanoparticle characteristics depend on the preparation parameters.

Serum Metabolomics Analysis for Biomarkers of FRT4 in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice.

is considered a potential probiotic supplementation for treating obesity. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is poorly understood. Our previous study displayed that FRT4 alleviated obesity in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) through ameliorating the HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis.

Antithrombotic Activity of Heparinoid G2 and Its Derivatives from the Clam .

Clam heparinoid G2 (60.25 kDa) and its depolymerized derivatives DG1 (24.48 kDa) and DG2 (6.

The pathology, phylogeny, and epidemiology of Echinococcus ortleppi (G5 genotype): a new case report of echinococcosis in China.

Background: Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by the larval stage of the complex Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.), is a zoonotic parasitic disease with a high social burden in China.

Metabolomic signatures for liver tissue and cecum contents in high-fat diet-induced obese mice based on UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS.

Background: The incidence of obesity is increasing worldwide, and it is a risk factor for diabetes, dyslipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Our previous study had demonstrated that high-fat diet induced increased weight gain, fat weight, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and ATL levels in liver, and influenced the diversity and composition of cecal microbiota in mice. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the roles of the gut microbially derived metabolites and liver metabolites between the obese and lean mice, focusing on their association with the progression of obesity induced by high-fat diet (HFD).

Clinical characteristics, rates of blindness, and geographic features of PACD in China.

Objective: To analyze the rates of blindness with the demographics and clinical characteristics of patients with primary angle-closure disease (PACD) to provide a comprehensive epidemiologic reference in China.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted in the Chinese Glaucoma Study Consortium database, which is a national multicenter glaucoma research alliance of 111 hospitals participating between December 21, 2015 and September 9, 2018. The diagnosis of PACD was made by qualified physicians through examination.

Lactobacillus plantarum FRT10 alleviated high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice through regulating the PPARα signal pathway and gut microbiota.

Previous studies showed that probiotics supplementation contributed to alleviate obesity. This work was to assess the efficacy of Lactobacillus plantarum FRT10 from sour dough in alleviating obesity in mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD), and the underlying mechanisms focusing on modulation of the gut microbiota profile. Kunming mice were fed with a regular diet (CT), a high-fat diet (HFD), and two HFDs containing low and high doses of L.

Pollution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in common used mineral oils and their transformation during oil regeneration.

The pollution characteristic of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in common used mineral oils, semi-refined oils, refined oils and solid wastes produced during the used mineral oil regeneration process was analyzed. The results showed that total PAHs content in six common used mineral oils was as follows: used engine oil>used quenching oil>used casting oil>used hydraulic oil>used antirust oil>used industrial lubricating oil. Furthermore, this order was dependent on the source of PAHs and oil working temperatures.

Association between Genetic Polymorphisms of the Beta Adrenergic Receptor and Diurnal Intraocular Pressure in Chinese Volunteers and Glaucoma Patients.

Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between genetic polymorphisms of the beta adrenergic receptor (ADR) and diurnal intraocular pressure (IOP) in Chinese healthy volunteers, normal tension glaucoma (NTG) patients, and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients.

Methods: Fifty healthy volunteers (control group), 55 untreated NTG patients, and 55 untreated POAG patients were recruited. IOP of both eyes was measured at 3-hour intervals from 0600 to 2400 hours.

[Survey on Clonorchis sinensis infection and bile component of gallstone patients from the Pearl River Delta region in Guangdong Province].

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis and bile components of gallstone patients from the Pearl River Delta region in Guangdong Province.

Methods: From June 2011 to November 2012, 406 gallstone patients from the Pearl River Delta region in Guangdong Province were enrolled in the study. Fecal specimens, bile and gallbladder stone samples were examined for the presence of C.

Acidic β-mannanase from Penicillium pinophilum C1: Cloning, characterization and assessment of its potential for animal feed application.

The β-mannanase gene, man5C1, was cloned from Penicillium pinophilum C1, a strain isolated from the acidic wastewater of a tin mine in Yunnan, China, and expressed in Pichia pastoris. The sequence analysis displayed the gene consists of a 1221-bp open reading frame encoding a protein of 406 amino acids (Man5C1). The deduced amino acid sequence of Man5C1 showed the highest homology of 57.