Ocular trauma from Lawn mower accidents: Clinical insights, visual outcomes and microbial profiles.

Aims: To characterize the clinical features of ocular trauma resulting from lawn mower, identify determinants of unfavorable final visual acuity (FVA), and assess the spectrum of microbial in posttraumatic endophthalmitis.

Methods: This retrospective study enrolled patients who experienced ocular trauma due to lawn mower at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center from January 2013 to August 2021. Demographics, clinical features, isolated microorganisms, risk factors influencing reduced visual acuity, treatment regimens, and utilization of eyewear were collected.

Factors affecting the severity and prognosis of visual damage in inhalational methanol poisoning.

Background/aim: Inhalational methanol poisoning could cause severe damage to visual function. This study analyzed the prognosis of the correlation between the visual function and the relevant risk factors.

Methods: In this retrospective study, 14 patients had confirmed inhalational methanol poisoning, resulting in visual impairment in both eyes.

Sleep disturbance and quality of life among university freshmen in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China.

Purpose: University freshmen are particularly vulnerable as they are undergoing the transition from high school to university with a range of changes. Sleep problems among this group in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China were barely studied. This study aimed to explore sleep disturbance, and its association with quality of life (QoL) and demographic and clinical characteristics among university freshmen in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China.

Treatment With Melatonin After Corneal Graft Attenuates Rejection.

Immunologic graft rejection is the main complication of corneal transplants. This study aimed to investigate the effect of melatonin (MT) on the rejection of corneal transplantation. Corneal allografts were performed by grafting corneas from BALB/C mice to C57BL/6 hosts.

Urinary Metabolomic Study of Chlorogenic Acid in a Rat Model of Chronic Sleep Deprivation Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.

The urinary metabolomic study based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) had been developed to investigate the possible antidepressant mechanism of chlorogenic acid (CGA) in a rat model of sleep deprivation (SD). According to pattern recognition analysis, there was a clear separation among big platform group (BP), sleep deprivation group (SD), and the CGA (model + CGA), and CGA group was much closer to the BP group by showing a tendency of recovering towards BP group. Thirty-six significantly changed metabolites related to antidepressant by CGA were identified and used to explore the potential mechanism.

Combination treatment with quercetin and resveratrol attenuates high fat diet-induced obesity and associated inflammation in rats via the AMPKα1/SIRT1 signaling pathway.

Diet-induced obesity is associated with systemic inflammation, which is considered to originate predominantly from the adipose tissue. Quercetin and resveratrol are two dietary polyphenols that exhibit anti-inflammatory properties and anti-insulin resistance when administered in isolation or combination (CQR). It remains unknown whether CQR reduces high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and inflammation in rats.

Inhibition of P-Glycoprotein Mediated Efflux in Caco-2 Cells by Phytic Acid.

Phytic acid (IP6) is a natural phosphorylated inositol, which is abundantly present in most cereal grains and seeds. This study investigated the effects of IP6 regulation on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and its potential mechanisms using in situ and in vitro models. The effective permeability of the typical P-gp substrate rhodamine 123 (R123) in colon was significantly increased from (1.

A combination of quercetin and resveratrol reduces obesity in high-fat diet-fed rats by modulation of gut microbiota.

Resveratrol and quercetin, widely found in foods and vegetables, are plant polyphenols reported to have a wide range of biological activities. Despite their limited bioavailabilities, both resveratrol and quercetin are known to exhibit anti-inflammation and anti-obesity effects. We hypothesized that gut microbiota may be a potential target for resveratrol and quercetin to prevent the development of obesity.

The intestinal absorption properties of flavonoids in Hippophaë rhamnoides extracts by an in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion model.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the absorption properties of isorhamnetin (IS), quercetin (QU), and kaempferol (KA) in total flavones of Hippophaë rhamnoides L. (TFH) by an in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion model. The results indicated that IS, QU, and KA in TFH were absorbed site-dependently, and both enterohepatic circulation and intestinal flora could participate in their absorption processes.

Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems of myricetin: Formulation development, characterization, and in vitro and in vivo evaluation.

Despite various pharmacological effects, myricetin (Myr) shows low oral bioavailability (<10%) due to its poor solubility, which limits its applications. To address this problem, self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) were developed by investigating the solubility of Myr in various excipients, constructing pseudo-ternary phase diagrams, and optimizing based on droplet size and emulsification efficacy after drug loading. The obtained Myr-SNEDDS were F04 (Capryol 90/Cremophor RH 40/PEG 400 4:3:3), F08 (Capryol 90/CremophorRH40/1,2-propanediol 4:3:3), F13 (Capryol 90/Cremophor EL/Transcutol HP 4:3:3) and F15 (Capryol 90/Cremephor RH 40/Transcutol HP 2:7:1), with droplet sizes less than 200nm.

Serum and Brain Metabolomic Variations Reveal Perturbation of Sleep Deprivation on Rats and Ameliorate Effect of Total Ginsenoside Treatment.

Sleep loss or sleep deprivation (SD) refers to shorter sleep than average baseline need, and SD has been a serious problem of modern societies which affects health and well-being. is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Our previous study has demonstrated that total ginsenosides (GS), the extracts from , could effectively improve cognition and behavior on SD rats.

Development of a pharmaceutical cocrystal with solution crystallization technology: Preparation, characterization, and evaluation of myricetin-proline cocrystals.

Myricetin shows low oral bioavailability (<10%) in rats due to poor aqueous solubility, although it has demonstrated various pharmacological activities such as those related to anticancer, anti-diabetes, and hepatic protection. To overcome this issue, in this study, pharmaceutical cocrystals were designed to efficiently deliver myricetin by oral administration. A 1:2 stoichiometric cocrystal of myricetin with proline was prepared successfully by solution crystallization based on the ternary phase diagram (TPD) principle, and it is presented as a new sphericity-like crystalline phase characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Preparation and evaluation of chitosan-based nanogels/gels for oral delivery of myricetin.

A novel nanogel/gel based on chitosan (CS) for the oral delivery of myricetin (Myr) was developed and evaluated comprehensively. The particle size of the obtained Myr-loaded CS/β-glycerol phosphate (β-GP) nanogels was in the range of 100-300nm. The rheological tests showed that the sol-gel transition happened when the nanogels were exposed to physiological temperatures, and 3D network structures of the gelatinized nanogels (gels) were confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy.

[Efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin in the adjuvant treatment of patients with severe sepsis: a Meta analysis].

Objective: To investigate the possibility of improving the prognosis of patients with severe sepsis by different kinds of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG).

Methods: PubMed database, EMBase, Cochrane clinical trial database, CNKI, and Wangfang database etc were retrieved. The search time was from database creation to September 2015,which included all prospective studies of the effectiveness of IVIG compared with non-IVIG in all adult patients with severe sepsis.

Hawthorn leaf flavonoids alleviate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by enhancing the adiponectin/AMPK pathway.

Hawthorn (Crataeguspinnatifida) belongs to the genus Rosaceae family of plants. The hawthorn leaf, Crataeguspinnatifida Bunge, is used for both condiment and medicinal purposes to prevent and treat metabolic dysfunctions, such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease in traditional Chinese medicine. However, its effects on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remain obscure.

The effect of phytic acid on tight junctions in the human intestinal Caco-2 cell line and its mechanism.

This study investigated the effect of phytic acid (IP6), a potential absorption enhancer of flavonoid components, on tight junction (TJ) integrity in Caco-2 cell monolayers and its possible mechanisms. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) across the monolayers decreased rapidly, and the flux of fluorescein sodium (a paracellular marker) increased after treating with IP6 in a concentration-dependent manner. Confocal microscopy results showed that IP6 produced a concentration-dependent attenuation in the distribution of occludin, ZO-1, and claudin-1.

Effects of stabilizing agents on the development of myricetin nanosuspension and its characterization: an in vitro and in vivo evaluation.

Although myricetin has various pharmacological applications, it shows low oral bioavailability (<10%) in rats due to its poor aqueous solubility. To overcome this issue, myricetin nanosuspensions were developed and the effects of stabilizers were investigated. Based on the particle size and zeta potential, stabilizers soya lecithin, TPGS, HP-β-CD, and/or a combination thereof were used.

A novel strategy for pharmaceutical cocrystal generation without knowledge of stoichiometric ratio: myricetin cocrystals and a ternary phase diagram.

Purpose: To develop a streamlined strategy for pharmaceutical cocrystal preparation without knowledge of the stoichiometric ratio by preparing and characterizing the cocrystals of myricetin (MYR) with four cocrystal coformers (CCF).

Methods: An approach based on the phase solubility diagram (PSD) was used for MYR cocrystals preparation and the solid-state properties were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The ternary phase diagram (TPD) was constructed by combining the PSD and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data.

Development of a myricetin/hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex: preparation, characterization, and evaluation.

Myricetin shows low oral bioavailability (<10%) in rats due to poor aqueous solubility, though it has various pharmacological activities. Complexation with cyclodextrins (CDs) is a potent pharmaceutical method to enhance the bioavailability of poorly soluble compounds. The myricetin/HP-β-CD inclusion complex was prepared and confirmed by DSC, PXRD, and SEM.

[An analysis of subhealth status based on partial least squares].

Objective: To explore the discrimination model of subhealth with statistical method of partial least squares (PLS).

Methods: This study was based on the Subhealth State Rating Scale (SHSRS). A total of 88 subhealth subjects (scoring less than 85 in SHSRS) and 64 healthy people (scoring over 85 in SHSRS) were enrolled randomly.

[Sub-health and the "treatment of pro-disease" in Chinese medicine].

The relationship between sub-health and " pro-disease" in Chinese medicine was clarified through analyzing the background of sub-health coming forth and its connotation, as well as the multiple meaning of "pro-disease" in Chinese medicine. The authors offered, thereupon, their clews and methods for treatment of "pro-disease" and intervention on sub-health.

[Effects of Chinese herbal medicines on spontaneous chronic pancreatitis in rats and the pathological relationships between formulas and syndromes].

Objective: To investigate the effects of Guizhi Decoction, Chaihu Guizhi Decoction, Xiaochaihu Decoction and camostat on rat spontaneous chronic pancreatitis and the pathological relationships between formulas and syndromes.

Methods: Fifty-seven male WBN/Kob rats at age of 4 weeks were divided into five groups: untreated group (n=18), Guizhi Decoction-treated group (n=9), Chaihu Guizhi Decoction-treated group (n=9), Xiaochaihu Decoction-treated group (n=9) and camostat-treated group (n=12). The rats in each group were fed with corresponding drugs for 12 weeks.