Multiple primary cancers with gastrointestinal malignant tumors as the first manifestation: Three case reports and review of literature.

Background: The incidence of malignant gastrointestinal (GI) tumors is increasing, and advancements in medical care have significantly improved patient survival rates. As a result, the number of cases involving multiple primary cancers (MPC) has also increased. The rarity of MPC and the absence of sensitive and specific diagnostic markers often lead to missed or incorrect diagnoses.

Multi-signal fluorescent probe for simultaneous differentiation and imaging of Hg, Cys, Hcy, and GSH in living cells and zebrafish.

The Mercury (II) ion (Hg²⁺) is a toxic heavy metal that threatens biological systems by inducing oxidative stress and disrupting the redox balance. Biothiols such as cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), and glutathione (GSH) are critical in maintaining redox homeostasis and are implicated in numerous physiological and pathological processes. Understanding the complex interactions between Hg²⁺ and biothiols requires molecular tools capable of simultaneous detection.

Trajectories of Nutritional Quality, Diet-Related Environmental Impact, and Diet Cost in China: How Much Does Ultra-Processed Food and Drink Consumption Matter?

Background: Rapid socio-economic developments confront China with a rising consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) and ultra-processed drinks (UPDs). This study aims to evaluate their potential impact on diet transformation towards sustainability including nutrition, environmental sustainability, and diet-related cost.

Methods: Dietary intake was assessed by 24 h recalls in 27,311 participants (age: 40.

Hypoxia-guided treatment planning for lung cancer with dose painting by numbers.

Tumor hypoxia significantly impacts the efficacy of radiotherapy. Recent developments in the technique of dose painting by numbers (DPBN) promise to improve the tumor control probability (TCP) in conventional radiotherapy for hypoxic cancer. The study initially combined the DPBN method with hypoxia-guided dose distribution optimization to overcome hypoxia for lung cancers and evaluated the effectiveness and appropriateness for clinical use of the DPBN plans.

Health outcomes, environmental impacts, and diet costs of adherence to the EAT-Lancet Diet in China in 1997-2015: a health and nutrition survey.

Background: In 2019, the EAT-Lancet Commission proposed a global reference dietary pattern. Although research on the EAT-Lancet reference diet and its associations with mortality, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, dietary environmental impacts, and cost of diets is increasing, studies done in low-income and middle-income countries remain scarce. This study aimed to assess the health outcomes, environmental impacts, and dietary costs of adherence to the EAT-Lancet reference diet in China.

Heterogeneity in diet-related non-communicable disease risks in a Chinese population.

Purpose: Sub-optimal food choices contribute to the risk of multiple non-communicable diseases (NCDs) which can be mitigated by improving diet quality. Food consumption patterns may partly account for variation of NCD risks in population subgroups in China. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of diet-related NCDs of observed Chinese diets, and to assess the potential reduction in NCD risks by adhering to certain diet recommendations.

Skeletal Muscle, Skin, and Bone as Three Major Nitrate Reservoirs in Mammals: Chemiluminescence and N-Tracer Studies in Yorkshire Pigs.

In mammals, nitric oxide (NO) is generated either by the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes from arginine or by the reduction of nitrate to nitrite by tissue xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) and the microbiome and further reducing nitrite to NO by XOR or several heme proteins. Previously, we reported that skeletal muscle acts as a large nitrate reservoir in mammals, and this nitrate reservoir is systemically, as well as locally, used to generate nitrite and NO. Here, we report identifying two additional nitrate storage organs-bone and skin.

Intergenerational transmission of sucralose and acesulfame-potassium from mothers to their infants via human milk: a pharmacokinetic study.

Background: Low-calorie sweetener (LCS) consumption is prevalent among lactating mothers, yet infants' exposure to LCS in human milk is not well-characterized.

Objectives: Conduct a pharmacokinetic study of sucralose and acesulfame-potassium (ace-K) in mothers' milk and plasma over 72 h and in infants' plasma.

Methods: Following baseline blood and milk collection, mothers (n = 40) consumed 20 oz of diet cranberry juice containing sucralose and ace-K.

Sodium Tanshinone IIA Sulfonate Protects Primary Cardiomyocytes Against Radiation-Induced Myocardial Injury via the p38 Pathway.

Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS), which is extracted from a Chinese medicinal herb, possesses many pharmacologic functions, such as coronary dilation, anti-inflammatory properties, and antiapoptotic and antioxidant effects. It remains unknown whether STS can protect cardiomyocytes injured after radiation therapy. An in vitro Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat neonatal cardiomyocyte system was established.

Constructing Pd and Cu Crowding Single Atoms by Protein Confinement to Promote Sonogashira Reaction.

For multicenter-catalyzed reactions, it is important to accurately construct heterogeneous catalysts containing multiple active centers with high activity and low cost, which is more challenging compared to homogeneous catalysts because of the low activity and spatial confinement of active centers in the loaded state. Herein, a convenient protein confinement strategy is reported to locate Pd and Cu single atoms in crowding state on carbon coated alumina for promoting Sonogashira reaction, the most powerful method for constructing the acetylenic moiety in molecules. The single-atomic Pd and Cu centers take advantage in not only the maximized atomic utilization for low cost, but also the much-enhanced performance by facilitating the activation of aryl halides and alkynes.

Ion-Specific Interactions Engender Dynamic and Tailorable Properties in Biomimetic Cationic Polyelectrolytes.

Biomaterials such as spider silk and mussel byssi are fabricated by the dynamic manipulation of intra- and intermolecular biopolymer interactions. Organisms modulate solution parameters, such as pH and ion co-solute concentration, to effect these processes. These biofabrication schemes provide a conceptual framework to develop new dynamic and responsive abiotic soft material systems.

Type-printable photodetector arrays for multichannel meta-infrared imaging.

Multichannel meta-imaging, inspired by the parallel-processing capability of neuromorphic computing, offers considerable advancements in resolution enhancement and edge discrimination in imaging systems, extending even into the mid- to far-infrared spectrum. Currently typical multichannel infrared imaging systems consist of separating optical gratings or merging multi-cameras, which require complex circuit design and heavy power consumption, hindering the implementation of advanced human-eye-like imagers. Here, we present printable graphene plasmonic photodetector arrays driven by a ferroelectric superdomain for multichannel meta-infrared imaging with enhanced edge discrimination.

Clinical Viability of an Active Spot Scanning Beam Delivery System With a Newly Developed Carbon-Ion Treatment Planning System.

Purpose: Although active spot scanning irradiation technique is theoretically superior to passive-scattered broad beam irradiation with respect to normal tissue sparing, corroborations of the clinical benefit of carbon-ion spot scanning have remained scarce. This study aims to investigate the feasibility and clinical implementation of an active spot scanning beam calculation algorithm in a homemade carbon-ion treatment planning system by comparing it with a conventional passive uniform scanning technique.

Methods And Materials: Carbon-ion plans were initially formulated using spot/uniform scanning methods in 22 participants enrolled in a prospective observational clinical trial.

The effect of various interventions on the prevention of radiation dermatitis: a network meta-analysis.

Objective: High doses of radiation, while effective at destroying tumor tissues, also result in radiation dermatitis (RD) at irradiated sites, which is one of the most common complications in cancer radiotherapy. Currently, no standardized protocols for the prevention and treatment of RD have been established in clinical practices, and severe RD can compromise treatment efficacy and reduce patients' quality of life. This systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) aims to compare the effectiveness of various interventions in preventing RD in patients.

Dietary Nitrate Metabolism in Porcine Ocular Tissues Determined Using N-Labeled Sodium Nitrate Supplementation.

Nitrate (NO) obtained from the diet is converted to nitrite (NO) and subsequently to nitric oxide (NO) within the body. Previously, we showed that porcine eye components contain substantial amounts of nitrate and nitrite that are similar to those in blood. Notably, cornea and sclera exhibited the capability to reduce nitrate to nitrite.

Sequential release of interacting proteins and Ub-modifying enzymes by disulfide heterotypic ubiquitin reagents.

Heterotypic ubiquitin (Ub) chains have emerged as fundamental components in a wide range of cellular processes. The integrative identification of Ub-interacting proteins (readers) and Ub-modifying enzymes (writers and erasers) that selectively recognize and regulate heterotypic ubiquitination may provide crucial insights into these processes. In this study, we employed the bifunctional molecule-assisted (CAET) strategy to develop a type of disulfide bond-activated heterotypic Ub reagents, which allowed to enrich heterotypic Ub-interacting proteins and modifying enzymes simultaneously.

Structure-guided engineering enables E3 ligase-free and versatile protein ubiquitination via UBE2E1.

Ubiquitination, catalyzed usually by a three-enzyme cascade (E1, E2, E3), regulates various eukaryotic cellular processes. E3 ligases are the most critical components of this catalytic cascade, determining both substrate specificity and polyubiquitination linkage specificity. Here, we reveal the mechanism of a naturally occurring E3-independent ubiquitination reaction of a unique human E2 enzyme UBE2E1 by solving the structure of UBE2E1 in complex with substrate SETDB1-derived peptide.

Glycemia and Gluconeogenesis With Metformin and Liraglutide: A Randomized Trial in Youth-onset Type 2 Diabetes.

Objective: Elevated rates of gluconeogenesis are an early pathogenic feature of youth-onset type 2 diabetes (Y-T2D), but targeted first-line therapies are suboptimal, especially in African American (AA) youth. We evaluated glucose-lowering mechanisms of metformin and liraglutide by measuring rates of gluconeogenesis and β-cell function after therapy in AA Y-T2D.

Methods: In this parallel randomized clinical trial, 22 youth with Y-T2D-age 15.

Consumption of sucralose- and acesulfame-potassium-containing diet soda alters the relative abundance of microbial taxa at the species level: findings of two pilot studies.

Sucralose and acesulfame-potassium consumption alters gut microbiota in rodents, with unclear effects in humans. We examined effects of three-times daily sucralose- and acesulfame-potassium-containing diet soda consumption for 1 ( = 17) or 8 ( = 8) weeks on gut microbiota composition in young adults. After 8 weeks of diet soda consumption, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, specifically , increased; and, increased abundance of two Proteobacteria taxa was also observed after 1 week of diet soda consumption compared with sparkling water.