HCP-to-FCC Phase Transformation of Ruthenium Nanocrystals Selectively Activate Hydrogen Peroxide for Boosting Peroxidase-like Activity.

Due to the simultaneous activation of hydrogen peroxide (HO) and oxygen, Ru nanocrystals exhibit inherent peroxidase- and oxidase-like activities, thereby limiting their extensive application in biosensing. Phase engineering of Ru nanocrystals holds great promise for enhancing catalytic activity and selectivity but remains a challenge. Here, highly active Ru nanocrystals with a metastable face-centered cubic (fcc) structure were successfully synthesized via a facile wet-chemical method followed by an etching step, enabling selective activation of HO and demonstrating promising peroxidase-like activity.

Injectable Hydrogel Loaded with CDs and FTY720 Combined with Neural Stem Cells for the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury.

Purpose: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an incurable and disabling event that is accompanied by complex inflammation-related pathological processes, such as the production of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) by infiltrating inflammatory immune cells and their release into the extracellular microenvironment, resulting in extensive apoptosis of endogenous neural stem cells. In this study, we noticed the neuroregeneration-promoting effect as well as the ability of the innovative treatment method of FTY720-CDs@GelMA paired with NSCs to increase motor function recovery in a rat spinal cord injury model.

Methods: Carbon dots (CDs) and fingolimod (FTY720) were added to a hydrogel created by chemical cross-linking GelMA (FTY720-CDs@GelMA).

Human forebrain organoid-based multi-omics analyses of PCCB as a schizophrenia associated gene linked to GABAergic pathways.

Identifying genes whose expression is associated with schizophrenia (SCZ) risk by transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) facilitates downstream experimental studies. Here, we integrated multiple published datasets of TWAS, gene coexpression, and differential gene expression analysis to prioritize SCZ candidate genes for functional study. Convergent evidence prioritized Propionyl-CoA Carboxylase Subunit Beta (PCCB), a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial gene, as an SCZ risk gene.

Cascaded Nanozyme with In Situ Enhanced Photothermal Capacity for Tumor-Specific and Self-Replenishing Cancer Therapy.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-involved tumor therapeutic strategy, chemodynamic therapy (CDT), has attracted extensive research interest in the scientific community. However, the therapeutic effect of CDT is insufficient and unsustainable owing to the limited endogenous H O level in the tumor microenvironment. Here, peroxidase (POD)-like RuTe nanozyme with the immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOx) and allochroic 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) molecule have been synthesized to construct RuTe -GOx-TMB nanoreactors (RGT NRs) as cascade reaction systems for tumor-specific and self-replenishing cancer therapy.

Human forebrain organoids-based multi-omics analyses reveal PCCB's regulation on GABAergic system contributing to schizophrenia.

Identifying genes whose expression is associated with schizophrenia (SCZ) risk by transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) facilitates downstream experimental studies. Here, we integrated multiple published datasets of TWAS (including FUSION, PrediXcan, summary-data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR), joint-tissue imputation approach with Mendelian randomization (MR-JTI)), gene coexpression, and differential gene expression analysis to prioritize SCZ candidate genes for functional study. Convergent evidence prioritized Propionyl-CoA Carboxylase Subunit Beta ( ), a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial gene, as an SCZ risk gene.

Mitochonic acid 5 promotes the migration of mouse microglial BV‑2 cells in the presence of LPS‑induced inflammation via Mfn2‑associated mitophagy.

Effective strategies are needed to prevent the development of neuroinflammation, which is associated with nervous system disease,\\r\\nin patients. A previous study indicated that mitochonic acid 5 (MA‑5) may promote the survival of microglial cells via mitofusin 2 (Mfn2)‑associated mitophagy in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑induced inflammation. The current study investigated the role and underlying mechanisms of MA‑5 in the migration of BV‑2 cells following LPS‑mediated inflammation.

Acid/reduction dual-sensitive amphiphilic graft polyurethane with folic acid and detachable poly(ethylene glycol) as anticancer drug delivery carrier.

In order to not only improve the stability of nanomicelles in blood circulation but also promote the cellular uptake in tumors and rapidly release the encapsulated drugs in tumor cells, a kind of acid/reduction dual-sensitive amphiphilic graft polyurethane with folic acid and detachable poly(ethylene glycol) (FA-PUSS-g-mPEG) was synthesized by grafting folic acid and monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol) to the polyurethane side chain. FA-PUSS-g-mPEG could self-assemble in aqueous solution to form negatively charged nanomicelles, which endowed them good stability under normal physiological condition. Using ultraviolet-visible spectrometer (UV-vis) and dynamic light scattering (DLS), it was found that the hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) layer of FA-PUSS-g-mPEG micelles could be detached due to the cleavage of benzoic-imine bond under slightly acidic condition, which resulted in reversing the charge of the micellar surface and exposing folic acid to the micellar surface.

Microglia-containing human brain organoids for the study of brain development and pathology.

Microglia are resident immune cells in the central nervous system, playing critical roles in brain development and homeostasis. Increasing evidence has implicated microglia dysfunction in the pathogenesis of various brain disorders ranging from psychiatric disorders to neurodegenerative diseases. Using a human cell-based model to illuminate the functional mechanisms of microglia will promote pathological studies and drug development.

Ultra-Low Content Bismuth-Anchored Gold Aerogels with Plasmon Property for Enhanced Nonenzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Sensing.

Effective glucose surveillance provides a strong guarantee for the high-quality development of human health. Au nanomaterials possess compelling applications in nonenzymatic electrochemical glucose biosensors owing to superior catalytic performances and intriguing biocompatibility properties. However, it has been a grand challenge to accurately control the architecture and composition of Au nanomaterials to optimize their optical, electronic, and magnetic properties for further improving the performance of electrocatalytic sensing.

An Empirical Dilatancy Model for Coarse-Grained Soil under the Influence of Freeze-Thaw Cycles.

In the era of high-speed trains, it is very important to ensure the safety and stability of rail tracks under adverse conditions including seasonal freezing and thawing. Freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs) affecting the engineering performance of coarse-grained soil (CGS) is one of the major reasons for track deterioration. The reported results of a number of static freeze-thaw triaxial tests on the shear behaviour of CGS are analysed herein.

Fe-N-C Single-Atom Catalyst Coupling with Pt Clusters Boosts Peroxidase-like Activity for Cascade-Amplified Colorimetric Immunoassay.

Although single-atom catalysts with high enzyme-like activities have been found, the rational design of highly active peroxidase (POD)-like nanozymes is still a formidable challenge. Herein, highly active POD-like nanozymes were synthesized through loading Pt clusters on the Fe single-atom (Fe-Pt) nanozymes. The POD-like activity of Fe-Pt nanozymes is enhanced 4.

Immobilizing Enzymes on Noble Metal Hydrogel Nanozymes with Synergistically Enhanced Peroxidase Activity for Ultrasensitive Immunoassays by Cascade Signal Amplification.

Enzyme immobilization plays an essential role in solving the problems of the inherently fragile nature of enzymes. Although prominent stability and reuse of enzymes can be achieved by enzyme immobilization, their bioactivity and catalytic efficiency will be adversely affected. Herein, PdCu hydrogel nanozymes with a hierarchically porous structure were used to immobilize horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to obtain PdCu@HRP.

Defect-Engineered Nanozyme-Linked Receptors.

Though nanozymes are successfully applied in various areas, the increasing demands facilitate the exploitation of nanozymes possessing higher activity and more functions. Natural enzyme-linked receptors (ELRs) are critical components for signal transductions in vivo by expressing activity variations after binding with ligands. Inspired by this, the defect-engineered carbon nitrides (DCN) are reported to serve as nanozyme-linked receptors (NLRs).

Tuning Atomically Dispersed Fe Sites in Metal-Organic Frameworks Boosts Peroxidase-Like Activity for Sensitive Biosensing.

Although nanozymes have been widely developed, accurate design of highly active sites at the atomic level to mimic the electronic and geometrical structure of enzymes and the exploration of underlying mechanisms still face significant challenges. Herein, two functional groups with opposite electron modulation abilities (nitro and amino) were introduced into the metal-organic frameworks (MIL-101(Fe)) to tune the atomically dispersed metal sites and thus regulate the enzyme-like activity. Notably, the functionalization of nitro can enhance the peroxidase (POD)-like activity of MIL-101(Fe), while the amino is poles apart.

Tryptophan in the diet ameliorates motor deficits in a rotenone-induced rat Parkinson's disease model via activating the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor pathway.

Background And Purpose: Parkinson's disease (PD), a common neurodegenerative disorder with motor and nonmotor symptoms, does not have effective treatments. Dietary tryptophan (Trp) supplementation has potential benefits for the treatment of multiple disorders. However, whether additional Trp in the diet could be beneficial for PD remains to beinvestigated.

FeC-Assisted Single Atomic Fe Sites for Sensitive Electrochemical Biosensing.

The rational construction of advanced sensing platforms to sensitively detect HO produced by living cells is one of the challenges in both physiological and pathological fields. Owing to the extraordinary catalytic performances and similar metal coordination to natural metalloenzymes, single atomic site catalysts (SASCs) with intrinsic peroxidase (POD)-like activity have shown great promise for HO detection. However, there still exists an obvious gap between them and natural enzymes because of the great challenge in rationally modulating the electronic and geometrical structures of central atoms.

Fine-Tuning Pyridinic Nitrogen in Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon Nanostructures for Boosted Peroxidase-Like Activity and Sensitive Biosensing.

Carbon materials have been widely used as nanozymes in bioapplications, attributing to their intrinsic enzyme-like activities. Nitrogen (N)-doping has been explored as a promising way to improve the activity of carbon material-based nanozymes (CMNs). However, hindered by the intricate N dopants, the real active site of N-doped CMNs (N-CMNs) has been rarely investigated, which subsequently retards the further progress of high-performance N-CMNs.

Single-atom catalysts boost signal amplification for biosensing.

Development of highly sensitive biosensors has received ever-increasing attention over the years. Due to the unique physicochemical properties, the functional nanomaterial-enabled signal amplification strategy has made some great breakthroughs in biosensing. However, the sensitivity and selectivity still need further improvement.

Hierarchically Porous S/N Codoped Carbon Nanozymes with Enhanced Peroxidase-like Activity for Total Antioxidant Capacity Biosensing.

Design of highly active carbon nanozymes and further establishment of ultrasensitive biosensors remain a challenge. Herein, hierarchically porous carbon nanozymes with sulfur (S)/nitrogen (N) codoping (SNC) were developed. Compared with N-doped carbon (NC) nanozymes, SNC nanozymes have a smaller Michaelis-Menten constant and higher specific activities, demonstrating that the S-doping in SNC nanozymes could not only enhance their affinity toward substrates but also improve their catalytic performance.

pH-responsive allochroic nanoparticles for the multicolor detection of breast cancer biomarkers.

Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) are the three crucial biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis of breast cancer. Sensitive and precise detection of ER, PR, and HER2 is of great significance for the diagnosis of breast cancer. Herein, through a simple solvent-induced self-assembly process, the self-carried allochroic nanoparticles were prepared by using some hydrophobic pH indicator molecules for allochroic NPs-linked immunosorbent assay (named ALISA) of ER, PR, and HER2, respectively.

Oxidase-Like Fe-N-C Single-Atom Nanozymes for the Detection of Acetylcholinesterase Activity.

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted extensive attention in the catalysis field because of their remarkable catalytic activity, gratifying stability, excellent selectivity, and 100% atom utilization. With atomically dispersed metal active sites, Fe-N-C SACs can mimic oxidase by activating O into reactive oxygen species, O • radicals. Taking advantages of this property, single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes) can become a great impetus to develop novel biosensors.

Fe-N-C Single-Atom Nanozymes for the Intracellular Hydrogen Peroxide Detection.

Recently, in situ detection of hydrogen peroxide (HO) generated from live cells have caused tremendous attention, because it is of great significance in the control of multiple biological processes. Herein, Fe-N-C single-atom nanozymes (Fe-N-C SAzymes) with intrinsic peroxidase-like activity were successfully prepared via high-temperature calcination using FeCl, glucose, and dicyandiamide as precursors. The Fe-N-C SAzymes with FeN as active sites were similar to natural metalloproteases, which can specifically enhance the peroxidase-like activity rather than oxidase-like activity.

A dopamine-induced Au hydrogel nanozyme for enhanced biomimetic catalysis.

Au hydrogel with a well-defined nanowire network was rationally designed through one-step dopamine-induced self-assembly. Due to the porous nanostructure along with the polydopamine induced accumulation and interfacial electron transfer effects, the resulting Au hydrogel nanozyme exhibits enhanced glucose oxidase-like activity and peroxidase-like activity, with a biomimetic cascade catalysis.