A Retrospective Review on Dysregulated Autophagy in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Strategies.

The main purpose of this article is to explore the relationship between autophagy and the pathological mechanism of PCOS, and to find potential therapeutic methods that can alleviate the pathological mechanism of PCOS by targeting autophagy. Relevant literatures were searched in the following databases, including: PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus. The search terms were "autophagy", "PCOS", "polycystic ovary syndrome", "ovulation", "hyperandrogenemia", "insulin resistance", "inflammatory state", "circadian rhythm" and "treatment", which were combined according to the retrieval methods of different databases.

Exploring the surface plasmon catalytic reactions mechanism by three-phase interface modification combining with in-situ EC-SERS methods.

Local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) is a novel catalytic technique that has emerged in recent years, especially in the catalysis of aromatic amine compounds. However, the response process and mechanism are still unclear in current study. In the current field of study, the response process and mechanism are still unclear.

A novel SERS sensor array based on AuNRs and AuNSs inverse-etching for the discrimination of five antioxidants.

Antioxidants play an important role in life health and food safety. Herein, an inverse-etching platform based on gold nanorods (AuNRs) and gold nanostars (AuNSs) for high-throughput discrimination of antioxidants was constructed. Under the action of hydrogen peroxide (HO) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP), 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) would be oxidized to TMB or TMB.

The role of interaction between autophagy and apoptosis in tumorigenesis (Review).

Autophagy is a highly conserved process that maintains cellular homeostasis during evolution. Autophagy can occur in the form of macroautophagy, microautophagy or molecular chaperone autophagy, among which macroautophagy is the most common. Apoptosis exists in all kinds of cell organisms, and is a kind of programmed cell death which is regulated by pro‑apoptotic factors and anti‑apoptotic signals.

A three-dimensional "turn-on" sensor array for simultaneous discrimination of multiple heavy metal ions based on bovine serum albumin hybridized fluorescent gold nanoclusters.

Traditional single sensor is designed based on the "lock-and-key" mode, which only relies on the most dominant interactions between the sensing element and the target. Although it exhibits high selectivity, there are challenges in detecting multiple analytes at the same time. Here, a sensor array with three sensing elements is developed to detect multiple heavy metal ions simultaneously and quickly.

Surface enhanced Raman scattering of adsorbates on Au-CsPbIBr perovskite-based nanocomposites: charge-transfer and electromagnetic enhancement.

In this study, perovskite-based nanocomposites as surface enhanced Raman scattering substrates were designed by physically sputtering Au nanoparticles onto fabricated all-inorganic CsPbIBr perovskite films, which provide much stronger SERS signals as compared to normal Au or perovskite substrates. Their synergism enhancement mechanisms and influence factors, including hybrid layer sequence, fabrication parameters and excitation source, are discussed. In addition, the prepared composite substrate exhibits excellent uniformity, reproducibility and time stability.

monitoring of the plasmon catalytic reaction of -nitroaniline at a gas-liquid-solid three phase interface.

Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) is caused by the irradiation of light on a metal surface. Here we present a surface plasmon catalytic reaction at the gas-liquid-solid three phase interface. Electrochemical deposition was used to prepare Ag nanostructure/Cu mesh surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates.

Analysis of the susceptibility to COVID-19 in pregnancy and recommendations on potential drug screening.

To analyze the susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy and the drugs that can be used to treat pregnancy with COVID-19, so as to provide evidence for drug selection in clinic. By reviewing the existing literature, this paper analyzes the susceptibility of pregnant women to virus, especially to SARS-CoV-2, from the aspects of anatomical, reproductive endocrine and immune changes during pregnancy and screens effective and fetal-safe treatments from the existing drugs. The anatomical structure of the respiratory system is changed during pregnancy, and the virus transmitted by droplets and aerosols is more easily inhaled by pregnant women and is difficult to remove.

Exploration of the Relationship Between Gut Microbiota and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): a Review.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine and metabolic syndrome (MS) with a complex etiology, and its pathogenesis is not yet clear. In recent years, the correlation between gut microbiota (GM) and metabolic disease has become a hot topic in research, leading to a number of new ideas about the etiology and pathological mechanisms of PCOS. The literature shows that GM can cause insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, chronic inflammation and metabolic syndrome (obesity, diabetes) and may contribute to the development of PCOS by influencing energy absorption, the pathways of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), lipopolysaccharides, choline and bile acids, intestinal permeability and the brain-gut axis.

Assessment of cerebral infarction after transient cerebral ischemic attack by ABCD2 score combined with the position of intracranial vascular stenosis.

This study aims to investigate the value of the ABCD score combined with the position of the offending vessel stenosis in predicting the risk of transient ischemic attack (TIA) to develop into cerebral infarction.The ABCD score and head magnetic resonance imaging + magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) results of 192 patients with TIA were retrospectively analyzed. With the 7th day as the endpoint time, these patients were divided into 3 groups, according to ABCD scores: low-risk group (n = 105), moderate-risk group (n = 60), and high-risk group (n = 27).

Fluorescent sensor array for discrimination of biothiols based on poly(thymine/cytosine)-templated copper nanoparticles.

In medicine, the detection and identification of biothiols have received increasing attention due to their crucial roles in life activities. Hence, we present a facile, rapid, and effective method for identification of five kinds of biothiols including glutathione (GSH), l-cysteine (Cys), dithiothreitol (DTT), 2-mercaptoethanol (MCE), and 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA). The proposed sensor array is fabricated based on single-stranded poly (thymine/cytosine)-templated fluorescent copper nanoparticles (CuNPs), which are controlled through thymine-Hg-thymine (T-Hg-T) and cytosine-Ag-cytosine (CAgC) coordination.

Cationic polymer-based plasmonic sensor array that discriminates proteins.

Breaking the restrictions of a lock-and-key sensing strategy which relies only on the most dominant interactions between the sensing element and target, here, we develop a colorimetric sensor array with three kinds of cationic polymers (polydiallyl dimethylammonium chloride (PDDA), chitosan (CTS), and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)) as nonspecific receptors. Diverse interactions between cationic polymers and proteins make gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) exhibit different aggregation behaviors, resulting in changes in color and absorbance of Au NPs. Based on the diverse colorimetric response patterns, seven proteins were successfully discriminated visually at the 20 nM level by linear discrimination analysis (LDA).

"Aggregation-to-Deaggregation" Colorimetric Signal Amplification Strategy for Ag Detection at the Femtomolar Level with Dark-Field Microscope Observation.

Robust but ultrasensitive aptasensors with an ability to detect lower concentrations of heavy metal ions enable the detection of serious environmental and health issues. We herein develop a label-free aptasensor for ultrasensitive detection of the silver ion (Ag) utilizing gold nanoparticle (AuNP) intensity measurement methodology by dark-field microscopy, which is based on target Ag and exonuclease III (Exo III)-dependent DNA cleavage recycling amplification. In the presence of target Ag, thymine (T) bases at two termini of hairpin DNA bind with Ag through C-Ag-C coordination to form a DNA duplex, Exo III can recognize the blunt 3' end of the DNA duplex and digest it from the 3' end to the 5' direction.

Determination of nickel(II) at nanomolar levels using iodide-responsive gold-copper nanoparticles as colorimetric probes.

The authors present a colorimetric method for the quantification of Ni(II) at nanomolar levels. It is based on the use of iodide-responsive copper-gold nanoparticles (Cu-Au NPs) combined with the Ni(II)-catalyzed glutathione (GSH)-oxygen reaction system. In the presence of Ni(II), the catalytic reaction between GSH and oxygen is can triggered.

Y-Shaped DNA Duplex Structure-Triggered Gold Nanoparticle Dimers for Ultrasensitive Colorimetric Detection of Nucleic Acid with the Dark-Field Microscope.

Herein, we present a novel gold nanoparticle (AuNP) enumeration-based colorimetric aptamer biosensor for ultrasensitive detection of nucleic acid. This AuNP enumeration-based colorimetric method takes advantages of the distinctive and strong localized surface plasmon resonance light scattering with the dark-field microscope. In our model system, first, cost-effective DNA1 instead of expensive 2-thioethyl ether acetic acid was capped on the surface of AuNPs to form a dense DNA1 layer.

Total suspended matter observation in the Pearl River estuary from in situ and MERIS data.

Based on the cruise data collected in the Pearl River estuary (PRE) in May 2008, an empirical two-band model by using the ratio of R (rs) at 629 and 671 nm was established to retrieve total suspended matter (TSM) concentration with the determination coefficient (R(2)) of 0.854, mean relative error (MRE) of 7.483%, and root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 1.

[Semi-analysis algorithm to retrieve pigment concentrations in the red tide area of the East China Sea].

For the purpose of detecting and forecasting research of red tides to reduce the loss, a semi-analytic algorithm to retrieve chlorophyll-a concentrations was established in the area where red tides often brought out, according to the data collected during the red tides cruise in the East China Sea in April 2002. In the algorithm, empirical equations were made based on the coefficients from the in-situ data, including the optical properties of the research area. The in-situ data were used to validate the algorithm.