The nanocellulose fiber scaffold to construct a hierarchical phenolic coating on cotton fiber surfaces for inactivating pathogens through an enhanced protein adsorption mechanism.

Emerging pathogens present a significant societal threat, and biological protection textiles are expected to play a pivotal role in controlling their spread. However, incorporating highly effective pathogen transmission-blocking abilities into textiles while ensuring their large-scale production remains challenging. This work has successfully developed a hierarchically structured coating for cotton fibers, which exhibits enhanced antiviral and antibacterial functionalities compared to existing phenolic coating methods.

S100A8/A9-activated IFNγ NK cells trigger β-cell necroptosis in hepatitis B virus-associated liver cirrhosis.

Background And Aims: Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated liver cirrhosis (LC), a common condition with high incidence and mortality rates, is often associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying impaired glucose regulation during HBV-associated LC remain unclear.

Methods: Data from 63 patients with LC and 62 patients with LC-associated DM were analysed.

Hepatitis B virus X protein promotes tumor glycolysis by downregulating lncRNA OIP5-AS1/HKDC1 in HCC.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection being the leading cause. This study aims to investigate the role of HBV in HCC pathogenesis involving glucose metabolism. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) OIP5-AS1 was significantly downregulated in HBV-positive HCC patients, and its low expression indicated a poor prognosis.

Hepatitis B Virus-Mediated m6A Demethylation Increases Hepatocellular Carcinoma Stemness and Immune Escape.

Unlabelled: Hepatitis B viral (HBV) persistent infection plays a significant role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumorigenesis. Many studies have revealed the pivotal roles of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in multiple cancers, while the regulatory mechanism in stemness maintenance of HBV persistent infection-related HCC remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated that the level of m6A modification was downregulated by HBV in HBV-positive HCC, through enhanced stability of ALKBH5 mRNA.

Faecal hsa-miR-7704 inhibits the growth and adhesion of Bifidobacterium longum by suppressing ProB and aggravates hepatic encephalopathy.

Both gut microbiome and microRNAs (miRNAs) play a role in the development of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). However, the functional link between the microbiome and host-derived miRNAs in faeces remains poorly understood. In the present study, patients with HE had an altered gut microbiome and faecal miRNAs compared with patients with chronic hepatitis B.

Osteopontin May Improve Postinjury Muscle Repair Via Matrix Metalloproteinases And tgf-β Activation in Regular Exercise.

Skeletal muscle injuries are commonly observed during sports and trauma. Regular exercise promotes muscle repair; however, the underlying mechanisms require further investigation. In addition to exercise, osteopontin (OPN) contributes to skeletal muscle regeneration and fibrosis following injury.

M1 macrophage-derived exosomes promote autoimmune liver injury by transferring long noncoding RNA H19 to hepatocytes.

Exosomes mediate intercellular communication by transmitting active molecules. The function of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) H19 in autoimmune liver injury is unclear. Concanavalin A (ConA)-induced liver injury is well-characterized immune-mediated hepatitis.

A High-Salt Diet Exacerbates Liver Fibrosis through -Dependent Macrophage Activation.

People consume more salt than the recommended levels due to poor dietary practices. The effects of long-term consumption of high-salt diets (HSD) on liver fibrosis are unclear. This study aimed to explore the impact of HSD on liver fibrosis.

Durably antibacterial cotton fabrics coated by protamine via Schiff base linkages.

The development of antibacterial cotton fabrics with an overall performance is critical but remains challenging. In this study, we propose a facile method to prepare durable antibacterial cotton fabric without significant sacrifices of wearing comfortability. Cotton fabric is firstly oxidated to obtain dialdehyde groups, then treated with PM molecules to establish a PM coating on the fiber surfaces via Schiff base linkages.

Osteopontin Exacerbates High-Fat Diet-Induced Metabolic Disorders in a Microbiome-Dependent Manner.

The gut microbiome is involved in metabolic disorders. Osteopontin (OPN), as a key cytokine, contributes to various inflammation-related diseases. The underlying role of OPN in the microbiome remains poorly understood.

zVAD alleviates experimental autoimmune hepatitis in mice by increasing the sensitivity of macrophage to TNFR1-dependent necroptosis.

Background & Aims: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is characterized by hepatocyte destruction, leading to lymphocyte and macrophage accumulation in the liver. Macrophages are key drivers of AIH. A membrane-permeable pan-caspase inhibitor, Z-Val-Ala-DL-Asp-fluoromethylketone (zVAD), induces macrophage necroptosis in response to certain stimuli.

Phospholipid metabolites of the gut microbiota promote hypoxia-induced intestinal injury via CD1d-dependent γδ T cells.

Gastrointestinal dysfunction is a common symptom of acute mountain sickness (AMS). The gut microbiota and γδ T cells play critical roles in intestinal disease. However, the mechanistic link between the microbiota and γδ T cells in hypoxia-induced intestinal injury remains unclear.

LncNSPL facilitates influenza A viral immune escape by restricting TRIM25-mediated K63-linked RIG-I ubiquitination.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in host antiviral responses; however, how viruses exploit host lncRNAs for immune evasion remains largely unexplored. Functional screening of differentially expressed lncRNA profile in patients infected with influenza A virus (IAV) revealed that lncNSPL (Gene Symbol: LOC105370355) was highly expressed in monocytes. Deregulated lncNSPL expression in infected monocytes significantly increased type I interferon (IFN-I) production and inhibited IAV replication.

IL-17A produced by invariant natural killer T cells and CD3 CD56 αGalcer-CD1d tetramer T cells promote liver fibrosis in patients with primary biliary cholangitis.

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is characterized as interlobular bile duct injury and fibrosis, which results from the loss of tolerance to self-antigens. However, the exact pathologic mechanism leading to injury and fibrosis in PBC patients is not fully understood. Therefore, in this study, we examined the role of the T cell subsets in PBC patients and healthy controls (HCs).

Lamina propria interleukin 17 A aggravates natural killer T-cell activation in autoimmune hepatitis.

Autoimmune hepatitis is an interface hepatitis characterized by the progressive destruction of the liver parenchyma, the cause of which is still obscure. Interleukin (IL)-17A is a major driver of autoimmunity, which can be produced by innate immune cells against several intracellular pathogens. Here, we investigated the involvement of IL-17A in a mice model of immune-mediated hepatitis with the intestine exposed to Salmonella typhimurium.

Comparative Analysis of Long Non-Coding RNA Expression and Immune Response in Mild and Severe COVID-19.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a worldwide emergency, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) do not encode proteins but could participate in immune response. In our study, 39 COVID-19 patients were enrolled.

Influenza A virus NS1 protein hijacks YAP/TAZ to suppress TLR3-mediated innate immune response.

The Hippo signaling pathway, which is historically considered as a dominator of organ development and homeostasis has recently been implicated as an immune regulator. However, its role in host defense against influenza A virus (IAV) has not been widely investigated. Here, we found that IAV could activate the Hippo effectors Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) through physical binding of the IAV non-structural protein 1 (NS1) with C-terminal domain of YAP/TAZ, facilitating their nuclear location.

Osteopontin aggravates acute lung injury in influenza virus infection by promoting macrophages necroptosis.

Infection with influenza A virus (IAV) can trigger pulmonary inflammation and lung damage. Osteopontin (OPN) is an essential regulator of cell death and immunity. However, the role and underlying mechanism of OPN in cell death in IAV-induced pulmonary injury remain poorly understood.

Secreted phosphoprotein 1 as a potential prognostic and immunotherapy biomarker in multiple human cancers.

Secreted phosphoprotein 1 () is involved in immune regulation, cell survival, and tumor progression. Studies have demonstrated that plays an important role in certain individual tumors. However, the expression profile and oncogenic features of in diverse cancers are remaining unknown.

Interleukin-33 as an early predictor of cetuximab treatment efficacy in patients with colorectal cancer.

Background: Cetuximab is used for colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment. However, the early biomarker of treatment efficacy of cetuximab has not been identified.

Methods: After 1 year of cetuximab treatment, patients were divided into an effective group and an ineffective group.

The Salivary Microbiota of Patients With Primary Biliary Cholangitis Is Distinctive and Pathogenic.

The role of host-microbiota interactions in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) has received increased attention. However, the impact of PBC on the oral microbiota and contribution of the oral microbiota to PBC are unclear. In this study, thirty-nine PBC patients without other diseases and 37 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled and tested for liver functions and haematological variables.

RBM15-mediated N6-methyladenosine modification affects COVID-19 severity by regulating the expression of multitarget genes.

Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by symptoms of lymphopenia and multiorgan damage, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To explore the function of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications in COVID-19, we performed microarray analyses to comprehensively characterize the m6A epitranscriptome. The results revealed distinct global m6A profiles in severe and mild COVID-19 patients.

lncRNA-HEIM Facilitated Liver Fibrosis by Up-Regulating TGF- Expression in Long-Term Outcome of Chronic Hepatitis B.

Background: Chronic liver fibrosis is an inevitable stage for the development of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). However, anti-fibrotic therapies have been unsuccessful so far. The biological functions and molecular mechanisms of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the host immune system during chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, especially in fibrosis, are still largely unknown.