A2 reactive astrocyte-derived exosomes alleviate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by delivering miR-628.

Ischemia and hypoxia activate astrocytes into reactive types A1 and A2, which play roles in damage and protection, respectively. However, the function and mechanism of A1 and A2 astrocyte exosomes are unknown. After astrocyte exosomes were injected into the lateral ventricle, infarct volume, damage to the blood-brain barrier (BBB), apoptosis and the expression of microglia-related proteins were measured.

Esculentoside H reduces the PANoptosis and protects the blood-brain barrier after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion through the TLE1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Aims: Matrix metalloproteinases 9 (MMP9) plays a role in the destruction of blood-brain barrier (BBB) and cell death after cerebral ischemic/reperfusion (I/R). Esculentoside H (EH) is a saponin found in Phytolacca esculenta. It can block JNK1/2 and NF-κB signal mediated expression of MMP9.

Exogenous hydrogen sulfide ameliorates diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction by regulating the nrf-2/HO-1 axis and the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in diabetic rats.

Diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction (DACD) is a complication of diabetes mellitus that leads to an increased risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. However, the molecular mechanism underlying DACD has not been elucidated, and a promising therapy for this disease remains to be established. Hydrogen sulfide (HS), a significant antioxidative and anti-inflammatory gasotransmitter, has emerged as a neuroprotective agent.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal miR-193b-5p reduces pyroptosis after ischemic stroke by targeting AIM2.

Background: Ischemic stroke represents a major factor causing global morbidity and death. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-derived exosomes (Exos) have important effects on treating ischemic stroke. Here, we investigated the therapeutic mechanism by which BMSC-derived exosomal miR-193b-5p affects ischemic stroke.

Temporal Relationship Between Changes in Serum Calcium and Hypercholesteremia and Its Impact on Future Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity Levels.

The high levels of serum calcium and cholesterol are the important risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which frequently influence each other during the development of CVD. However, few studies have examined their temporal relationship to confirm the precursor, and it is still largely unknown whether and how their temporal relationship would influence the development of CVD. This study aimed to establish the temporal relationship between the changes in serum calcium and cholesterol using the longitudinal cohort data, and examine whether this temporal relationship influenced the arterial elasticity indicated by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV).

LRG1 Promotes Apoptosis and Autophagy through the TGFβ-smad1/5 Signaling Pathway to Exacerbate Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury.

Leucine-rich α2-glycoprotein1 (LRG1), a pleiotropic protein, plays a pathogenic role in multiple human diseases. However, its pathophysiological function in ischemia/reperfusion injury remains unclear. In this study, we discussed the function and mechanism of LRG1 in acute ischemic stroke from both basic and clinical research points of view.

MiR-298 Exacerbates Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Following Ischemic Stroke by Targeting Act1.

Background/aims: This study investigated the role of the microRNA miR-298 and its target Act1 in ischemic stroke.

Methods: Cell viability was assessed with the 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2- yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. Apoptotic cells were detected by flow cytometry, and mRNA and protein expression were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively.

Neuroprotective effect of olfactory ensheathing cells co-transfected with Nurr1 and Ngn2 in both in vitro and in vivo models of Parkinson's disease.

Aims: The aim of the study is to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) with the overexpression of nuclear receptor-related factor 1 (Nurr1) and neurogenin 2 (Ngn2) in experimental models of Parkinson's disease (PD) and to elucidate the potential mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effects of OECs-Nurr1-Ngn2.

Materials And Methods: In vitro study, OECs-Nurr1-Ngn2 conditioned medium (CM) was added to MPP-treated PC12 cells for 24h, and then the viability of PC12 cells, oxidative stress and apoptosis were detected. In vivo study, 48 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups.

Upregulation of miR-215 exerts neuroprotection effects against ischemic injury via negative regulation of Act1/IL-17RA signaling.

Objective: This study investigated the role of miR-215 and nuclear factor-κB activator (Act)1 and their mechanisms of action in ischemic stroke.

Methods: Cell viability was examined with the 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-. 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay; cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry; and mRNA and protein expression was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively.

A simple, compact, low-cost, highly efficient thermometer based on green fluorescence of Er/Yb-codoped NaYF microcrystals.

We developed a highly efficient optical thermometer based on intensity ratio of upconversion green fluorescence of Er/Yb-codoped NaYF microcrystals. The sensor consists simply of a 980nm laser diode, one narrow-band interference filter, two lenses, one Si-photocell and one multimeter, while being without use of spectrometer and additional electronics. The device not only has a simple, compact structure (hence a low cost), but also displays highly efficient sensing performance, characterized by large signal-to-noise ratio due to strong fluorescence intensity, high thermal resolution and sensitivity, which have the values 1.