Differential expression of Toll-like receptors and associated cytokines in the bursa of Eimeria tenella infected chickens.

Chicken coccidiosis, caused by Eimeria spp., is an economically important disease of commercial poultry. Innate immunity ensures an immediate response to invading parasites, and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are major components of the innate immune system.

Association between Capillaria hepatica infection-induced alterations in gut microbiota and estrogen expression in Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii).

Background: Capillaria hepatica, a zoonotic parasite, is present in the population of Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) and has been a central issue in ecological studies regarding its impact on host populations. Brandt's voles are known for their extremely high reproductive capacity, and the population explosion of Brandt's voles have occurred multiple times in the grasslands of Inner Mongolia over the past few decades. However, the mechanisms underlying the population dynamics of Brandt's voles, particularly in response to C.

Generalized denoising network LGCT-Net for various types of ESPI wrapped phase patterns.

In this paper, we propose a generalized network based on our proposed Local-Global Channel Transformer (LGCT) module for denoising various types of ESPI wrapped phase patterns (including low-density, medium-density, high-density, variable-density, and discontinuous phase patterns). The Conv + BN + ReLU layer consists of convolution (Conv), batch normalization (BN), and the rectified linear unit (Relu) in series. The generalized network LGCT-Net interleaves four LGCT modules with five Conv + BN + ReLU layers in a dense connection manner.

Dual-channel lightweight GAN for enhancing color retinal images with noise suppression and structural protection.

As we all know, suppressing noise while maintaining detailed structure has been a challenging problem in the field of image enhancement, especially for color retinal images. In this paper, a dual-channel lightweight GAN named dilated shuffle generative adversarial network (DS-GAN) is proposed to solve the above problems. The lightweight generator consists of the RB branch used in the red-blue channels and the GN branch used in the green channel.

The distribution of pigeon adenoviruses in Northern Chinese pigeon and turtledove flocks provides further evidence of viral crosstransmission.

Objective: To understand the prevalence, genetic diversity, and potential pathogenicity of adenoviruses present in pigeon and turtledove populations.

Methods: Nested PCR and Sanger sequencing methods were used to identify the genotype and percentage of various adenoviruses in the feces of pigeon (Columba) and turtledove (Streptopelia) populations. In Beijing, China, a total of 194 fresh feces samples from meat-use pigeons (C livia domestica), homing pigeons (C livia domestica), wild pigeons (C livia domestica), and turtledoves (S decaocto and S chinensis) were collected using noninvasive sampling collection techniques.

Prevalence and genotypic characterization of zoonotic intestinal protozoan parasites in transboundary migratory Mongolian Gazelles (): the first survey.

The migration of Mongolian gazelles () poses a potential risk of outbreak for zoonotic intestinal protozoan parasite infections. This study aims to investigate the infection status of zoonotic intestinal protozoan parasites in these migratory Mongolian gazelles. We collected 120 fecal samples from Mongolian gazelles during their migration from Mongolia to China in December 2023.

The First Report of Infection in the Oriental Magpie () in Beijing, China.

is a parasitic species known for its ability to infect and transmit between hosts in the gastrointestinal tracts of wild avian species. However, there is limited information on its presence and impact on urban avian populations, particularly in China. In this study, morphological observations were conducted to detect the presence of sp.

provides protection during scavenging in carrion crow ( ).

The gut microbiota significantly influences host physiology and provides essential ecosystem services. While diet can affect the composition of the gut microbiota, the gut microbiota can also help the host adapt to specific dietary habits. The carrion crow ( ), an urban facultative scavenger bird, hosts an abundance of pathogens due to its scavenging behavior.

Therapeutic role of miR-19a/b protection from influenza virus infection in patients with coronary heart disease.

Patients with pre-existing medical conditions are at a heightened risk of contracting severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), SARS-CoV-2, and influenza viruses, which can result in more severe disease progression and increased mortality rates. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism behind this phenomenon remained largely unidentified. Here, we found that microRNA-19a/b (miR-19a/b), which is a constituent of the miR-17-92 cluster, exhibits reduced expression levels in patients with coronary heart disease in comparison to healthy individuals.

Effect of Enteromorpha polysaccharides on gut-lung axis in mice infected with H5N1 influenza virus.

Enteromorpha polysaccharides (EPPs) have been reported to have antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties. To explore the effect of EPPs on H5N1-infected mice, mice were pretreated with EPPs before being infected with the H5N1 influenza virus intranasally. H5N1 infection resulted in body-weight loss, pulmonary and intestinal damage, and an imbalance of gut microbiota in mice.

Impaired influenza A virus replication by the host restriction factor SAMHD1 which inhibited by PA-mediated dephosphorylation of the host transcription factor IRF3.

Background: Influenza A virus (IAV) can cause severe and life-threatening illness in humans and animals. Therefore, it is important to search for host antiviral proteins and elucidate their antiviral mechanisms for the development of potential treatments. As a part of human innate immunity, host restriction factors can inhibit the replication of viruses, among which SAM and HD domain containing deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase 1 (SAMHD1) can restrict the replication of viruses, such as HIV and enterovirus EV71.

Optical single-channel cryptosystem based on the non-negative matrix factorization and face biometric in cyan-magenta-yellow-black color space.

In this paper, an optical color single-channel asymmetric cryptosystem based on the non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) and a face biometric in cyan-magenta-yellow-black (CMYK) space is proposed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that NMF has been introduced into optical color image encryption. In the proposed cryptosystem, the color image in CMYK space is first decomposed into four color channels: , , , and .

UN-PUNet for phase unwrapping from a single uneven and noisy ESPI phase pattern.

The wrapped phase patterns of objects with varying materials exhibit uneven gray values. Phase unwrapping is a tricky problem from a single wrapped phase pattern in electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) due to the gray unevenness and noise. In this paper, we propose a convolutional neural network (CNN) model named UN-PUNet for phase unwrapping from a single wrapped phase pattern with uneven grayscale and noise.

Kills Host Cells Using Trogocytosis.

() is an infectious parasite that is prevalent worldwide in poultry and can cause death in both poultry and wild birds. Although studies have shown that damages host cells through direct contact, the mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we found that can kill host cells by ingesting fragments of the host cells, that is, by trogocytosis.

The Metabolomics Changes in Luria-Bertani Broth Medium under Different Sterilization Methods and Their Effects on Growth.

Luria-Bertani broth (LB) culture medium is a commonly used bacterial culture medium in the laboratory. The nutrient composition, concentration, and culture conditions of LB medium can influence the growth of microbial strains. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the impact of LB liquid culture medium on microbial growth under different sterilization conditions.

Lactoferrin Alleviates Inflammation and Regulates Gut Microbiota Composition in H5N1-Infected Mice.

The impact of lactoferrin, an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) with iron-binding properties, on the intestinal barrier and microflora of mice infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus remains unclear. To investigate the effects of lactoferrin on the histopathology and intestinal microecological environment, we conducted a study using H5N1-infected mice. H5N1 infection resulted in pulmonary and intestinal damage, as well as an imbalance in gut microbiota, significantly increasing the abundance of pathogenic bacteria such as and .

Identification of new drug candidates against Trichomonas gallinae using high-throughput screening.

Trichomonas gallinae is a protozoan parasite that is the causative agent of trichomoniasis, and infects captive and wild bird species throughout the world. Although metronidazole has been the drug of choice against trichomoniasis for decades, most Trichomonas gallinae strains have developed resistance. Therefore, drugs with new modes of action or targets are urgently needed.

Molecular evolution of Toll-like receptors in rodents.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs), the key sensor molecules in vertebrates, trigger the innate immunity and prime the adaptive immune system. The TLR family of rodents, the largest order of mammals, typically contains 13 TLR genes. However, a clear picture of the evolution of the rodent TLR family has not yet emerged and the TLR evolutionary patterns are unclear in rodent clades.

Characterization of a reassortant H11N9 subtype avian influenza virus isolated from spot-billed duck in China.

H11N9 viruses in wild birds might have provided the NA gene of human H7N9 virus in early 2013 in China, which evolved with highly pathogenic strains in 2017 and caused severe fatalities. To investigate the prevalence and evolution of the H11N9 influenza viruses, 16,781 samples were collected and analyzed during 2016-2020. As a result, a novel strain of influenza A (H11N9) virus with several characteristics that increase virulence was isolated.