Sappanone A attenuates rheumatoid arthritis via inhibiting PI3K/AKT/NF-κB and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways in vivo and in vitro.

Objective: Sappanone A (SA), a bioactive compound in Caesalpinia sappan L., has anti-inflammation, antioxidant, and bone protection activities. But its effect on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the underlying mechanism are incompletely understood.

An Improved Ningxia Desert Herbaceous Plant Classification Algorithm Based on YOLOv8.

Wild desert grasslands are characterized by diverse habitats, uneven plant distribution, similarities among plant class, and the presence of plant shadows. However, the existing models for detecting plant species in desert grasslands exhibit low precision, require a large number of parameters, and incur high computational cost, rendering them unsuitable for deployment in plant recognition scenarios within these environments. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a lightweight and fast plant species detection system, termed YOLOv8s-KDT, tailored for complex desert grassland environments.

Mechanism investigation of Duhuo Jisheng pill against rheumatoid arthritis based on a strategy for the integration of network pharmacology, molecular docking and experimental verification.

Context: Duhuo Jisheng pill (DHJS) is a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The effective components and therapeutic mechanisms of DHJS for treating RA are still unclear.

Objective: To explore the potential mechanism of DHJS against RA by means of network pharmacology and experimental verification.

A class-specific mean vector-based weighted competitive and collaborative representation method for classification.

Collaborative representation-based classification (CRC), as a typical kind of linear representation-based classification, has attracted more attention due to the effective and efficient pattern classification performance. However, the existing class-specific representations are not competitively learned from collaborative representation for achieving more informative pattern discrimination among all the classes. With the purpose of enhancing the power of competitive and discriminant representations among all the classes for favorable classification, we propose a novel CRC method called the class-specific mean vector-based weighted competitive and collaborative representation (CMWCCR).

Recent advances on signaling pathways and their inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by systemic synovitis leading to joint destruction in which imbalances in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines promote the induction of autoimmunity. Some pro-inflammatory cytokines can trigger the signaling pathways which responsible for immune-mediated inflammation in RA, and the activated signaling pathways produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, resulting in aggravation of RA. Hence, understanding of the signaling pathways and their inhibitors might be advantageous in the development of therapeutic targets and new drugs for RA.

The efficacy of single-photon emission computed tomography in identifying dystonic muscles in cervical dystonia.

Introduction: The key point for botulinum toxin type A injection in treating cervical dystonia is to accurately identify dystonic muscles. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of technetium-sestamibi single-photon emission computed tomography in identifying target muscles in cervical dystonia.

Methods: In the study group (n = 18), target muscles were selected according to clinical evaluation combined with technetium-sestamibi single-photon emission computed tomography, while in the control group (n = 18), target muscles were selected by clinical evaluation alone.

Enantioselective Ni-Catalyzed Electrochemical Synthesis of Biaryl Atropisomers.

A scalable enantioselective nickel-catalyzed electrochemical reductive homocoupling of aryl bromides has been developed, affording enantioenriched axially chiral biaryls in good yield under mild conditions using electricity as a reductant in an undivided cell. Common metal reductants such as Mn or Zn powder resulted in significantly lower yields in the absence of electric current under otherwise identical conditions, underscoring the enhanced reactivity provided by the combination of transition metal catalysis and electrochemistry.

The role of JAK/STAT signaling pathway and its inhibitors in diseases.

The JAK/STAT signaling pathway is an universally expressed intracellular signal transduction pathway and involved in many crucial biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune regulation. It provides a direct mechanism for extracellular factors-regulated gene expression. Current researches on this pathway have been focusing on the inflammatory and neoplastic diseases and related drug.

Nickel-Catalyzed Electrochemical Reductive Relay Cross-Coupling of Alkyl Halides to Aryl Halides.

A highly regioselective Ni-catalyzed electrochemical reductive relay cross-coupling between an aryl halide and an alkyl halide has been developed in an undivided cell. Various functional groups are tolerated under these mild reaction conditions, which provides an alternative approach for the synthesis of 1,1-diarylalkanes.

[Tc]MIBI SPECT/CT for Identifying Dystonic Muscles in Patients with Primary Cervical Dystonia.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of [Tc]sestamibi ([Tc]MIBI) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging for the identification of dystonic muscles in primary cervical dystonia (PCD) patients who underwent botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) therapy.

Procedures: Thirty-six patients with PCD and 10 healthy subjects (control group) who underwent [Tc]MIBI SPECT/CT were enrolled. The image characteristics of dystonic muscles and normal muscles were evaluated.

Electrochemistry-Enabled Ir-Catalyzed Vinylic C-H Functionalization.

Synergistic use of electrochemistry and organometallic catalysis has emerged as a powerful tool for site-selective C-H functionalization, yet this type of transformation has thus far mainly been limited to arene C-H functionalization. Herein, we report the development of electrochemical vinylic C-H functionalization of acrylic acids with alkynes. In this reaction an iridium catalyst enables C-H/O-H functionalization for alkyne annulation, affording α-pyrones with good to excellent yields in an undivided cell.

Novel 2-phenoxypyrido[3,2-]pyrazin-3(4)-one derivatives as potent and selective aldose reductase inhibitors with antioxidant activity.

To develop multifunctional aldose reductase (AKR1B1) inhibitors for anti-diabetic complications, a novel series of 2-phenoxypyrido[3,2-]pyrazin-3(4)-one derivatives were designed and synthesised. Most of the derivatives were found to be potent and selective against AKR1B1, and 2-(7-chloro-2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenoxy)-3-oxopyrido[3,2-]pyrazin-4(3)-yl) acetic acid () was the most active with an IC value of 0.023 µM.

Electrochemical Radical Formyloxylation-Bromination, -Chlorination, and -Trifluoromethylation of Alkenes.

Given the versatility and value of the structurally diverse organohalides and CF-containing compounds in organic synthesis, we reported a green, oxidant-free electrochemical method using undivided electrochemical cells for radical bromination, chlorination and trifluoromethylation-formyloxylation of the various alkenes with readily available halogen radical (NaCl, NaBr), trifluoromethyl radical (CFSONa) sources, and DMF as formyloxylation reagents. The protocol is operationally simple and robust and the Cl, Br or CF was directly oxidized at the anode, obviating the need for exogenous chemical oxidants.

Nickel-Catalyzed Thiolation of Aryl Halides and Heteroaryl Halides through Electrochemistry.

Transition-metal-catalyzed coupling reactions are useful tools for synthesizing aryl sulfur compounds. However, conventional transition-metal-catalyzed thiolation of aryl bromides and chlorides typically requires the use of strong base under elevated reaction temperature. Herein, we report the first examples of nickel-catalyzed electrochemical thiolation of aryl bromides and chlorides in the absence of an external base at room temperature using undivided electrochemical cells.

Analysis of long non-coding RNA expression profiles identifies novel lncRNA biomarkers in the tumorigenesis and malignant progression of gliomas.

Long non-coding RNAs have been shown to be associated with cancer development and progression, demonstrating potential applications as novel diagnostic or prognostic molecular markers in clinical management and treatment. However, the functional significance of lncRNAs in the development and malignant progression of gliomas is still unclear and needed to be further explored. we first obtained genome-wide lncRNA expression profiles in a large cohort of patients with gliomas from the Gene Expression Omnibus database using microarray probes repurposing method and investigated the lncRNA expression patterns during the tumorigenesis and malignant progression of gliomas.

Next-generation sequencing for D47N mutation in Cx50 analysis associated with autosomal dominant congenital cataract in a six-generation Chinese family.

Background: Congenital cataract is the most frequent cause of blindness during infancy or early childhood. To date, more than 40 loci associated with congenital cataract have been identified, including at least 26 genes on different chromosomes associated with inherited cataract. This present study aimed to identify the genetic mutation in a six-generation Chinese family affected with congenital cataract.

Genetic predisposition of six well-defined polymorphisms in HMGB1/RAGE pathway to breast cancer in a large Han Chinese population.

Breast cancer constitutes an enormous burden in China. A strong familial clustering of breast cancer suggests a genetic component in its carcinogenesis. To examine the genetic predisposition of high mobility group box-1/receptor for advanced glycation end products (HMGB1/RAGE) pathway to breast cancer, we genotyped six well-defined polymorphisms in this pathway among 524 breast cancer patients and 518 cancer-free controls from Heilongjiang province, China.

Formulation and in vitro characterization of a novel solid lipid-based drug delivery system.

The liquid self-emulsifying drug delivery system (L-SEDDS), commonly used to deliver effective but poorly water-soluble oleanolic acid (OA), has many limitations such as high manufacturing costs, few choices of dosage forms, risk of leakage from hard gelatin capsules, low stability, limited portability, incompatibility with capsule materials, and relatively restricted storage conditions. Thus the main purpose of our study was to develop a promising solid lipid-based drug delivery system (S-SEDDS) for OA. The S-SEDDS, prepared from wet granulation with an optimized L-SEDDS formulation and mannitol, was characterized by particle size analysis, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray powder diffraction.

The phenotype and genotype of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva in China: a report of 72 cases.

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, an ultra-rare and disabling genetic disorder of skeletal malformations and progressive heterotopic ossification (HO), is the most catastrophic condition of skeletal metamorphosis in humans. We studied 72 patients with FOP in China and analyzed their phenotypes and genotypes comprising the world's largest ethnically homogeneous population of FOP patients. Ninety-nine percent of patients (71/72 cases) were of Han nationality; and 1% of patients (1/72 cases) were of Hui nationality.

Identification of active compounds from Caesalpinia sappan L. extracts suppressing IL-6 production in RAW 264.7 cells by PLS.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Caesalpinia sappan L. is distributed in Southeast Asia and also used as herbal medicine for the treatment of various diseases such as burning sensations, leprosy, dysentery, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The overproduction of IL-6 plays an important role in the prognosis of RA, but the active compounds from the extracts of Caesalpinia sappan L.