Comparative Analysis of PGRP Family in Polymorphic Worker Castes of .

Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) are a class of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that activate the innate immune system in response to microbial infection by detection of peptidoglycan, a distinct component of bacterial cell walls. Bioinformatic studies have revealed four PGRPs in the red imported fire ant ; nonetheless, the mechanism of the immune response of induced by pathogens is still poorly understood. The peptidoglycan recognition protein full-length cDNA (designated as -) from was used in this investigation.

Simulation and experimental study of flexible adsorption and localization mechanism for vegetable grafting machines.

Because of the lack of good seedling positioning during vegetable grafting, there are issues such as high labor costs and long grafting time. This article proposes a negative pressure suction seedling positioning method for seed leaves based on the characteristic parameters of cucumber spike wood, and designs a flexible adsorption positioning mechanism for spike wood. Firstly, the ventral surface curve trajectories of cucumber cotyledons were extracted using Matlab software, and then a shape-adaptive design was applied to the attachment surface of the flexible suction positioning mechanism, and a computational fluid dynamics model of the airflow field was established.

Effect of UV irradiation on the densification behavior, microstructure, and microwave dielectric properties of low temperature sintering AlO ceramics.

In this paper, AlO ceramics co-doped with 0.3 wt%CuO-0.6 wt%TiO-0.

Colon Disease Classification Method Based on Deep Learning.

Objective Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system with a high incidence rate. It is prone to misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis in clinical practice. Therefore, researching computer-aided diagnostic methods for endoscopic colon disease image classification is of great importance.

Transcriptomic Analysis of -Induced Immune-Related Long Non-Coding RNAs in Polymorphic Worker Castes of .

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent a class of RNA molecules that do not encode proteins. Generally studied for their regulatory potential in model insects, relatively little is known about their immunoregulatory functions in different castes of eusocial insects, including , a notoriously invasive insect pest. In the current study, we used , an entomopathogenic fungus, to infect the polymorphic worker castes (Major and Minor Workers) and subjected them to RNA sequencing at different intervals (6, 24, and 48 h post-infection (hpi)).

Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Impact of the Biopesticide on the Immune System of Major Workers in .

The red imported fire ant ( Buren, 1972) is a globally significant invasive species, causing extensive agricultural, human health, and biodiversity damage amounting to billions of dollars worldwide. The pathogenic fungus (Metchnikoff) Sorokin (1883), widely distributed in natural environments, has been used to control populations. However, the interaction between and the immune system of the social insect remains poorly understood.

Effects of dietary dandelion (Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.) polysaccharides on the performance and gut microbiota of laying hens.

This experiment was designed to evaluate the influences of dietary dandelion polysaccharides (DP) on the performance and cecum microbiota of laying hens. Three hundred laying hens were assigned to five treatment groups: the basal diet group (CK group), three DP groups (basal diets supplemented with 0.5, 1.

Non-genetic factors affecting the meat quality and flavor of Inner Mongolian lambs: A review.

The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region ranks first among the five major pastoral areas in terms of lamb breeding of China. The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has a vast territory, with many famous grasslands and thousands of forage plants and multiple local high-quality lamb breeds. After hundreds of years of artificial breeding and improvement, Mongolian sheep have developed many varieties.

Effect of Diet on the Midgut Microbial Composition and Host Immunity of the Fall Armyworm, .

The fall armyworm (, J.E. Smith) is one of the most important agricultural pests in the world and causes serious damage to many significant crops.

Comfrey polysaccharides modulate the gut microbiota and its metabolites SCFAs and affect the production performance of laying hens.

Effects of dietary supplementation of comfrey polysaccharides (CPs) on production performance, egg quality, and microbial composition of cecum in laying hens were evaluated. A total of 240 laying hens were allocated into 4 groups with 6 replicates per group. The laying hens were fed diets containing CPs at levels of 0, 0.

New insights into the release mechanism of Cd from CdTe quantum dots within single cells in situ.

Cadmium-quantum dots (Cd-QDs) possess unique properties as optoelectronic devices for sensitive detection in food and biomedicine fields. However, the toxic effects of Cd-QDs to single cells is still controversial, due to the release mechanism of QDs to Cdin situ and the cytotoxic effects of QDs and Cd respectively are still unclear. In this paper, the release rule of Cd from CdTe QDs within single cells was investigated in situ by using flow cytometry method and the dose-response relationships were explored.

Effects of inulin supplementation in laying hens diet on the antioxidant capacity of refrigerated stored eggs.

The effects of inulin supplementation in the diet of laying hens on the antioxidant capacity of refrigerated (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks) eggs were evaluated. Three hundred commercial laying hens were divided into five treatment groups and fed diets with supplements of 0 (control), 5, 10, 15 or 20 g/kg inulin. The experimental results showed that the use of inulin (15 or 20 g/kg) in the diet for laying hens increased the DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging activities, total phenolic content and ferric reducing power in the yolks of fresh (stored 0 weeks) and stored eggs (P < 0.

Polysaccharides from Trifolium repens L. extracted by different methods and extraction condition optimization.

Four different extraction methods, including hot water extraction (HWE), ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) and ultrasonic-enzyme-assisted extraction (UEAE), were applied to extract polysaccharides from Trifolium repens L. (TRPs). In addition, response surface methodology (RSM) was performed to optimize the extraction conditions of TRPs.

Thermal inactivation kinetics and effects of drying methods on the phenolic profile and antioxidant activities of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) leaves.

The thermal inactivation kinetics of enzymes, including polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD), in chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) leaves were evaluated. In addition, the influences of different drying techniques (shade drying, hot air drying and freeze drying) on the phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities of chicory leaves were determined.

Physicochemical properties and activities of comfrey polysaccharides extracted by different techniques.

The effects of extraction techniques on the physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity and antihyperglycemic activity of comfrey polysaccharides (CPs) were evaluated. Four techniques were used to extract CPs: hot water extraction (HW), ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UA), enzyme-assisted extraction (EA) and enzyme-ultrasonic-assisted extraction (EUA). Experimental results indicated that CPs extracted by the UA (UA-CPs) and EUA methods (EUA-CPs) had higher extraction yields.

Extraction condition optimization and effects of drying methods on physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Astragalus cicer L.

Response surface methodology (RSM) including three variables was performed to optimize the extraction parameters of Astragalus cicer L. polysaccharides (ACPs). The influence of different drying techniques on the physicochemical properties and antioxidant abilities of ACPs were evaluated.

Extraction condition optimization and effects of drying methods on physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from comfrey (Symphytum officinale L.) root.

This study was designed to investigate the extraction conditions of polysaccharides from comfrey (Symphytum officinale L.) root (CRPs) using response surface methodology (RSM). The effects of three variables including liquid-solid ratio, extraction time and extraction temperature on the extraction yield of CRPs were taken into consideration.

In vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities of inulin.

This study was designed to investigate the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities of inulin. The in vitro assays demonstrated that the antioxidant activities of inulin, including the DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS scavenging activity and ferric reducing power, were weak and significantly lower than those of Vitamin C (P < 0.05).

Extraction optimization and influences of drying methods on antioxidant activities of polysaccharide from cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.).

Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the extraction condition of polysaccharide from cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) (named CPP). Water to raw material ratio (10-30 mL/g), extraction time (40-80 min) and extraction temperature (60-100°C) were set as the 3 independent variables, and their effects on the extraction yield of CPP were measured.

Hollow porous carbon nitride immobilized on carbonized nanofibers for highly efficient visible light photocatalytic removal of NO.

With the deterioration of air quality, great efforts were devoted to designing various photocatalysts for effective removal of NOx in air. However, the present photocatalysts have a fatal problem of low photocatalytic efficiency. In this work, a hollow porous carbon nitride nanosphere coupled with reduced graphene oxide (HCNS/rGO) was exploited as a visible-light photocatalyst to remove nitrogen monoxide in air at a low concentration (600 ppb level) under irradiation of an energy saving lamp.

[Intensity loss of two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy images of mouse oocyte chromosomes].

As an optical microscope with high resolution, two-photon excitation (TPE) fluorescence microscope is widely used in noninvasive 3D optical imaging of biological samples. Compared with confocal laser scanning microscope, TPE fluorescence microscope provides a deeper detecting depth. In spite of that, the image quality of sample always declines as the detecting depth increases when a noninvasive 3D optical imaging of thicker samples is performed.