Willingness to Switch to Long-Acting Injectable Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine Every 2 Months for People Living with HIV in Nanjing, China.

Daily oral medication is currently the most common antiretroviral therapy (ART) for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH). As the first complete long-acting (LA) ART regimen, cabotegravir (CAB) and rilpivirine (RPV), offer a novel treatment approach with less frequent administration, via bimonthly infusion. Due to the upcoming availability of this regimen in China, the study aimed to analyze the willingness and reasons of PLWH to switch to CAB+RPV therapy.

Immunological Efficacy and the Impact on Weight of Dolutegravir-Based Regimen in Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)-Naïve Patients with HIV Infection.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the immunological efficacy and the impact on weight of dolutegravir (DTG)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen in ART-naive people living with HIV (PLWH).

Methods: A prospective study was conducted on ART-naïve PLWH who treated with DTG-based or efavirenz (EFV)-based regimens in The Second Hospital of Nanjing. Based on previous studies, the sample size was 332 patients calculated by PASS software.

Effects on molecular interactions of hollow gold nanoparticles and antibody for sensitizing P24 antigen determination.

In recent years, with the rapid development of point-of-care testing, the application of lateral flow immunochromatography assay (LFIA) has become increasingly widespread. The key to the success of these detection technologies is the effective binding with diagnostic materials and detection antibody proteins. Although many researchers have tried to optimize antibody binding, a universally accepted strategy that can provide maximum performance has not been determined.

The effects of antihypertensive drugs on glucose metabolism.

Abnormal glucose metabolism is a common disease of the endocrine system. The effects of drugs on glucose metabolism have been reported frequently in recent years, and since abnormal glucose metabolism increases the risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications, metabolic disorders, and infection, clinicians need to pay close attention to these effects. A variety of common drugs can affect glucose metabolism and have different mechanisms of action.

Switch to fixed-dose ainuovirine, lamivudine, and tenofovir DF elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide in virologically suppressed people living with HIV-1: the 48-week results of the SPRINT trial, a multi-centre, randomised, double-blind, active-controlled, phase 3, non-inferiority trial.

Background: We compared the efficacy and safety profiles of ainuovirine (ANV), a new-generation non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), with boosted elvitegravir (EVG), both coformulated with two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), in people living with HIV-1 (PLWH) who had achieved virological suppression on previous NNRTI-based antiretroviral (ARV) regimen.

Methods: This study was a multi-centre, randomised, double-blind, active-controlled, non-inferiority trial recruiting PLWH from 10 clinical centres across China. Main inclusion criteria included age of 18-65 years (inclusive), and stably staying on an ARV regimen combining an NNRTI with a two-drug NRTI backbone for at least 12 months.

CT semi-quantitative score used as risk factor for hyponatremia in patients with COVID-19: a cross-sectional study.

Purpose: Chest computed tomography (CT) is used to determine the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia, and pneumonia is associated with hyponatremia. This study aims to explore the predictive value of the semi-quantitative CT visual score for hyponatremia in patients with COVID-19 to provide a reference for clinical practice.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 343 patients with RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19, all patients underwent CT, and the severity of lung lesions was scored by radiologists using the semi-quantitative CT visual score.

Improving the diagnosis of active tuberculosis: a novel approach using magnetic particle-based chemiluminescence LAM assay.

Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant global health concern, given its high rates of morbidity and mortality. The diagnosis using urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) primarily benefits HIV co-infected TB patients with low CD4 counts. The focus of this study was to develop an ultra-sensitive LAM assay intended for diagnosing tuberculosis across a wider spectrum of TB patients.

Breakthrough of chemiluminescence-based LAM urine test beyond HIV-positive individuals: Clinical diagnostic value of pulmonary tuberculosis in the general population.

To investigate the diagnostic value of a novel high-sensitivity urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) test (chemiluminescence-based) for active tuberculosis in the general population. A retrospective study was conducted on 250 clinical suspected tuberculosis patients who were HIV-negative and visited the Fourth People's Hospital of Foshan from January 2022 to December 2022. Among them, there were 135 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, 34 cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, and 81 cases of non-tuberculosis.

Clinical value of droplet digital PCR in the diagnosis and dynamic monitoring of suspected bacterial bloodstream infections.

Background: Bloodstream infections (BSIs) represent a significant public health challenge due to their high morbidity and mortality. The clinical prognosis of BSIs is closely related to the timely and accurate diagnosis and the rational use of initial antimicrobials. We aimed to evaluate the clinical value of droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) in rapid diagnosis and dynamic monitoring of BSIs.

Immediate and long-term outcomes after treat-all among people living with HIV in China: an interrupted time series analysis.

Background: In 2003, China implemented free antiretroviral therapy (ART) for people living with HIV (PLHIV), establishing an eligibility threshold of CD4 < 200 cells/μl. Subsequently, the entry criteria were revised in 2012 (eligibility threshold: CD4 ≤ 350 cells/μl), 2014 (CD4 ≤ 500 cells/μl), and 2016 (treat-all). However, the impact of treat-all policy on HIV care and treatment indicators in China is unknown.

Evaluation of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and simultaneous amplification and testing for quantitative detection of serum hepatitis B virus RNA.

Background: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the common infectious diseases in the world. HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) is the initial template of HBV replication, which can exist in human hepatocytes for a long time and is difficult to be completely removed. It has been shown that HBV RNA can directly respond to the levels and transcriptional activity of cccDNA in hepatocytes and can be used as a surrogate marker of cccDNA transcriptional activity.

Efficacy and safety of ainuovirine versus efavirenz combination therapies with lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for medication of treatment-naïve HIV-1-positive adults: week 48 results of a randomized controlled phase 3 clinical trial followed by an open-label setting until week 96.

Background: Ainuovirine (ANV) is a new non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), which was initially synthesized in Korea and later further developed in both Korea and China.

Methods: A randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, positive parallel group, non-inferiority, phase 3 trial was conducted in 7 sites across China. Eligible HIV-1-positive antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve adults aged 18-65 years were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and lamivudine (TDF+3TC) in combination with either ANV (ANV group) or efavirenz (EFV group) for up to 48 weeks.

(5R)-5-hydroxytriptolide for HIV immunological non-responders receiving ART: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase II study.

Background: Therapeutic approaches to HIV-suppressed immunological non-responders (INRs) remain unsettled. We previously reported efficacy of Chinese herbal Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F in INRs. Its derivative (5R)-5-hydroxytriptolide (LLDT-8) on CD4 T cell recovery was assessed.

Establishment of reference intervals of endometrial immune cells during the mid-luteal phase.

This study aimed to develop reference intervals (RIs) of endometrial immune cells in control infertile women during the mid-luteal phase, and compare with the proportion of endometrial immune cells in recurrent reproductive failure (RRF) patients. Endometrial tissue sections were obtained from 113 fertile women and 79 patients with RRF, including 40 patients who had suffered recurrent miscarriage (RM) and 39 patients with repeated implantation failure (RIF) during the mid-luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Immunohistochemical staining and quantitative analysis of CD56, Foxp3, CD163, CD1a and CD8 cells were performed in endometriums.

Prevalence of HIV Transmitted Drug Resistance in Nanjing from 2018 to 2021.

Background: Transmitted drug resistance (TDR) is a major challenge in the clinical management of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the epidemic characteristics of and risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 TDR in Nanjing from 2018 to 2021 to provide support for clinical management.

Methods: The HIV-1 Pol gene was amplified by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction from venous blood of 1190 HIV-infected patients who did not receive antiviral therapy, and the amplified product was sequenced using an in-house sequencing method.

A retrospective clinical study of dolutegravir- versus efavirenz-based regimen in treatment-naïve patients with advanced HIV infection in Nanjing, China.

Currently, there are limited data related to the efficacy and safety of ART regimens, as well as factors influencing immune recovery in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve patients with advanced HIV infection, especially in China. We designed a single-center, retrospective cohort study from March 1, 2019, to May 31, 2022, at The Second Hospital of Nanjing, China. ART-naïve adults with advanced HIV infection (CD4+ T-cell count < 200 cells/μL) who met the study criteria were included.

Metagenomic next-generation sequencing for identification of central nervous system pathogens in HIV-infected patients.

Although considerable interest in metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has been attracted in recent years, limited data are available regarding the performance of mNGS in HIV-associated central nervous system (CNS) infection. Here, we conducted a retrospectively analyzing of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) mNGS reports and other clinical data from 80 HIV-infected patients admitted to the Second Hospital of Nanjing, China from March, 2018 to March, 2022. In our study, CSF mNGS reported negative result, mono-infection, and mixed infection in 8.

High Cytomegalovirus Viral Load Is Associated With 182-Day All-Cause Mortality in Hospitalized People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is associated with increased mortality in persons with HIV (PWH). It is less clear whether CMV infection is still associated with mortality when routinely screened and adequately treated.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study recruited 1003 hospitalized adults with HIV with CD4 cell counts <200 cells/μL from May 2017 to June 2021.

Efficacy and Safety of a Simplified Lamivudine Plus Dolutegravir Dual Therapy in HIV-1-Infected Patients: A Multicenter Cohort Study in China.

Background: Results from both clinical trials and real-world observational studies suggest that lamivudine plus dolutegravir (3TC + DTG) dual therapy has excellent virological efficacy and safety in HIV-1-infected patients. However, there is still no relevant study related to this dual therapy reported in China.

Methods: In this multicenter, retrospective, observational study that included HIV-1-infected patients in China, baseline and follow-up data were collected to analyze the virological suppression rate, immune restoration, and adverse events during follow-up in HIV-1-infected patients who switched to the 3TC + DTG dual therapy.

The impact of COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions on HIV care continuum in China: An interrupted time series analysis.

Background: China implemented strict non-pharmaceutical interventions to contain COVID-19 at the early stage. We aimed to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on HIV care continuum in China.

Methods: Aggregated data on HIV care continuum between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2020 were collected from centers for disease control and prevention at different levels and major infectious disease hospitals in various regions in China.