Passive hyperthermia alters the resting-state functional connectivity of mouse brain.

Purpose: To investigate how passive hyperthermia affect the resting-state functional brain activity based on an acute mouse model after heat stress exposure.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-eight rs-fMRI data of C57BL/6J male mice which weighing about 24 ∼ 29 g and aged 12 ∼ 16 weeks were collected. The mice in the hyperthermia group (HT,  ± 0.

Using total adenosine triphosphate (tATP) measurements for cyanobacterial bloom monitoring and response assessment during algaecide treatments.

Total adenosine triphosphate (tATP) was investigated for its potential as a rapid indicator of cyanobacterial growth and algaecide effectiveness. tATP and other common bloom monitoring parameters were measured over the growth cycles of cyanobacteria and green algae in laboratory cultures and examined at a drinking water source during an active bloom. Strong correlations (R>0.

Biochar Decreases Cr Toxicity and Accumulation in Sunflower Grown in Cr(VI)-Polluted Soil.

Biochar is preferentially recommended for the remediation of heavy metal-polluted soils. Sunflower is an important high-biomass oil crop with a promising potential for phytoremediation of Cr(VI)-polluted soil. However, how biochar affects sunflower growth and Cr accumulation in Cr(VI)-polluted soil needs to be elucidated.

Astrocyte-derived exosomal lncRNA 4933431K23Rik modulates microglial phenotype and improves post-traumatic recovery via SMAD7 regulation.

Astrocyte-microglial interaction plays a crucial role in brain injury-associated neuroinflammation. Our previous data illustrated that astrocytes secrete microRNA, leading to anti-inflammatory effects on microglia. Long non-coding RNAs participate in neuroinflammation regulation after traumatic brain injury.

In Vivo Metabolism of [1,6-C]Glucose Reveals Distinct Neuroenergetic Functionality between Mouse Hippocampus and Hypothalamus.

Glucose is a major energy fuel for the brain, however, less is known about specificities of its metabolism in distinct cerebral areas. Here we examined the regional differences in glucose utilization between the hypothalamus and hippocampus using in vivo indirect C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-[C]-MRS) upon infusion of [1,6-C]glucose. Using a metabolic flux analysis with a 1-compartment mathematical model of brain metabolism, we report that compared to hippocampus, hypothalamus shows higher levels of aerobic glycolysis associated with a marked gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic (GABAergic) and astrocytic metabolic dependence.

Contribution of macromolecules to brain H MR spectra: Experts' consensus recommendations.

Proton MR spectra of the brain, especially those measured at short and intermediate echo times, contain signals from mobile macromolecules (MM). A description of the main MM is provided in this consensus paper. These broad peaks of MM underlie the narrower peaks of metabolites and often complicate their quantification but they also may have potential importance as biomarkers in specific diseases.

Metabolic and perfusion responses to acute hypoglycemia in the rat cortex: A non-invasive magnetic resonance approach.

Hypoglycemia is critical condition during diabetic treatment that involves intensive insulin therapy, and it may impair brain function. We aimed to compare cortical responses of three hypoglycemic phases and the restoration of glycemia to control levels after a severe episode in rats using non-invasive perfusion magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and localized H MR spectroscopy. Under light α-chloralose anesthesia, cortical blood flow (cCBF) was 42 ± 3 ml/100 g/min at euglycemia (~ 5 mM plasma glucose), was not altered at mild hypoglycemia I (42 ± 4 ml/100 g/min, 2-3.

Excitatory/inhibitory neuronal metabolic balance in mouse hippocampus upon infusion of [U-C]glucose.

Hippocampus plays a critical role in linking brain energetics and behavior typically associated to stress exposure. In this study, we aimed to simultaneously assess excitatory and inhibitory neuronal metabolism in mouse hippocampus in vivo by applying FDG-PET and indirect C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-[C]-MRS) at 14.1 T upon infusion of uniformly C-labeled glucose ([U-C]Glc).

Diffusion behavior of cerebral metabolites of congenital portal systemic shunt mice assessed noninvasively by diffusion-weighted H magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Diffusion-weighted H-MRS (DW-MRS) allows for noninvasive investigation of the cellular compartmentalization of cerebral metabolites. DW-MRS applied to the congenital portal systemic shunt (PSS) mouse brain may provide specific insight into alterations of cellular restrictions associated with PSS in humans. At 14.

Metabolic fingerprints discriminating severity of acute ischemia using in vivo high-field H magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Despite the improving imaging techniques, it remains challenging to produce magnetic resonance (MR) imaging fingerprints depicting severity of acute ischemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of the overall high-field H MR Spectroscopy ( H-MRS) neurochemical profile as a metabolic signature for acute ischemia severity in rodent brains. We modeled global ischemia with one-stage 4-vessel-occlusion (4VO) in rats.

Feasibility of neurochemically profiling mouse embryonic brain and its development in utero using H MRS at 14.1 T.

We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of neurochemical profiling of embryonic mouse brain developments in utero and to seek potential in vivo evidence of an energy shift in a mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 (MPC1) deficient mouse model. C57BL/6 embryonic mouse brains were studied in utero by anatomical MRI and short echo localized proton ( H) MRS at 14.1 T.

Mild Neonatal Brain Hypoxia-Ischemia in Very Immature Rats Causes Long-Term Behavioral and Cerebellar Abnormalities at Adulthood.

Unlabelled: Systemic hypoxia-ischemia (HI) often occurs during preterm birth in human. HI induces injuries to hinder brain cells mainly in the ipsilateral forebrain structures. Such HI injuries may cause lifelong disturbances in the distant regions, such as the contralateral side of the cerebellum.

Glucose transporter 2 mediates the hypoglycemia-induced increase in cerebral blood flow.

Glucose transporter 2 ()-positive cells are sparsely distributed in brain and play an important role in the stimulation of glucagon secretion in response to hypoglycemia. We aimed to determine if -positive cells can influence another response to hypoglycemia, i.e.

Evolution of the neurochemical profiles in the G93A-SOD1 mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

In vivo H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS) investigations of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) mouse brain may provide neurochemical profiles and alterations in association with ALS disease progression. We aimed to longitudinally follow neurochemical evolutions of striatum, brainstem and motor cortex of mice transgenic for G93A mutant human superoxide dismutase type-1 (G93A-SOD1), an ALS model. Region-specific neurochemical alterations were detected in asymptomatic G93A-SOD1 mice, particularly in lactate (-19%) and glutamate (+8%) of brainstem, along with γ-amino-butyric acid (-30%), N-acetyl-aspartate (-5%) and ascorbate (+51%) of motor cortex.

Non-invasive diagnosis and metabolic consequences of congenital portosystemic shunts in C57BL/6 J mice.

This study demonstrates the suitability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) for the imaging of congenital portosystemic shunts (PSS) in mice, a vascular abnormality in which mesenteric blood bypasses the liver and is instead drained directly to the systemic circulation. The non-invasive diagnosis performed in tandem with other experimental assessments permits further characterization of liver, whole-body and brain metabolic defects associated with PSS. Magnetic resonance measurements were performed in a 26-cm, horizontal-bore, 14.

Hierarchical Status Predicts Behavioral Vulnerability and Nucleus Accumbens Metabolic Profile Following Chronic Social Defeat Stress.

Extensive data highlight the existence of major differences in individuals' susceptibility to stress [1-4]. While genetic factors [5, 6] and exposure to early life stress [7, 8] are key components for such neurobehavioral diversity, intriguing observations revealed individual differences in response to stress in inbred mice [9-12]. This raised the possibility that other factors might be critical in stress vulnerability.

Sexual dimorphism in hepatic lipids is associated with the evolution of metabolic status in mice.

Ectopic lipid accumulation in the liver is implicated in metabolic disease in an age- and sex-dependent manner. The role of hepatic lipids has been well established within the scope of metabolic insults in mice, but has been insufficiently characterized under standard housing conditions, where age-related metabolic alterations are known to occur. We studied a total of 10 male and 10 female mice longitudinally.

Technical and experimental features of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of brain glycogen metabolism.

In the brain, glycogen is a source of glucose not only in emergency situations but also during normal brain activity. Altered brain glycogen metabolism is associated with energetic dysregulation in pathological conditions, such as diabetes or epilepsy. Both in humans and animals, brain glycogen levels have been assessed non-invasively by Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (C-MRS) in vivo.

Indicators for technological, environmental and economic sustainability of ozone contactors.

Various studies have attempted to improve disinfection efficiency as a way to improve the sustainability of ozone disinfection which is a critical unit process for water treatment. Baffling factor, CT10, and log-inactivation are commonly used indicators for quantifying disinfection credits. However the applicability of these indicators and the relationship between these indicators have not been investigated in depth.

Evaluation of analytical methodology for the detection of hormones and their attenuation during aquifer recharge and recovery cycles.

The hormones listed in the screening survey list 2 of the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule 3 (estrone, 17-β-estradiol, 17-α-ethynylestradiol, 16-α-hydroxyestradiol (estriol), equilin, testosterone and 4-androstene-3,17-dione) were analyzed by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). Two analytical methods were compared: EPA method 539 and the isotope dilution method. EPA method 539 was successfully utilized in river and drinking water matrices with fortified recoveries of 98.

Direct noninvasive estimation of myocardial tricarboxylic acid cycle flux in vivo using hyperpolarized ¹³C magnetic resonance.

Background: The heart relies on continuous energy production and imbalances herein impair cardiac function directly. The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is the primary means of energy generation in the healthy myocardium, but direct noninvasive quantification of metabolic fluxes is challenging due to the low concentration of most metabolites. Hyperpolarized (13)C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) provides the opportunity to measure cellular metabolism in real time in vivo.

Characterization of hepatic fatty acids in mice with reduced liver fat by ultra-short echo time (1)H-MRS at 14.1 T in vivo.

Alterations in the hepatic lipid content (HLC) and fatty acid composition are associated with disruptions in whole body metabolism, both in humans and in rodent models, and can be non-invasively assessed by (1)H-MRS in vivo. We used (1)H-MRS to characterize the hepatic fatty-acyl chains of healthy mice and to follow changes caused by streptozotocin (STZ) injection. Using STEAM at 14.

Assessment of metabolic fluxes in the mouse brain in vivo using 1H-[13C] NMR spectroscopy at 14.1 Tesla.

(13)C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) combined with the administration of (13)C labeled substrates uniquely allows to measure metabolic fluxes in vivo in the brain of humans and rats. The extension to mouse models may provide exclusive prospect for the investigation of models of human diseases. In the present study, the short-echo-time (TE) full-sensitivity (1)H-[(13)C] MRS sequence combined with high magnetic field (14.

Ultra-high field birdcage coils: a comparison study at 14.1T.

An essential feature of magnetic resonance (MR) probes for magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy is the ability to generate uniform B(1)(+) excitation in a volume of interest. When the magnetic field strength is increased, leading to an increase in resonance frequency, the constraints on the MR probes size, the sample size and the associated radiation losses caused by conductor elements are higher. In this study we simulate, test and construct two birdcage coils for imaging rodents operated at 14.