Paraquat mediates BV-2 microglia activation by raising intracellular ROS and inhibiting Akt1 phosphorylation.

Microglia is the innate immune cell in central nervous system (CNS) and plays an important role in neuroinflammation. Microglia mediated neuroinflammation is the key factor affecting the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Although there was evidence that paraquat (PQ) could induce inflammatory response, its mechanism was not clear.

Alginate with citrus pectin and pterostilbene as healthy food packaging with antioxidant property.

A new type of film packaging made from natural polysaccharide materials, with its environmental safety and friendliness, is considered as a potential substitute for plastics. Novel polysaccharide composite films based upon citrus pectin (CP) and sodium alginate (SA) were successfully prepared and characterized, containing pterostilbene (PTE) at various concentrations (0.2, 0.

Mechanism of Resveratrol Dimers Isolated from Grape Inhibiting O Induced DNA Damage by UHPLC-QTOF-MS and UHPLC-QQQ-MS Analyses.

Resveratrol dimers have been extensively reported on due to their antioxidative activity. Previous studies revealed that resveratrol dimer has been shown to selectively quench singlet oxygen (O), and could protect DNA from oxidative damage. The mechanism of resveratrol dimers protecting DNA against oxidative damage is still not clear.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress-related neuroinflammation and neural stem cells decrease in mice exposure to paraquat.

Paraquat (PQ), a widely used herbicide, could cause neurodegenerative diseases, yet the mechanism remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to investigate the direct effect of PQ on NSC in vivo and its possible mechanism. Adult C57BL/6 mice were subcutaneously injected with 2 mg/kg PQ, 20 mg/kg PQ or vehicle control once a week for 2 weeks, and sacrificed 1 week after the last PQ injection.

Early-life carbamate exposure and intelligence quotient of seven-year-old children.

Background: Early-life carbamate exposure during developmental period has been linked with adverse health effects and attracted attention.

Methods: Three hundred and three children at age of seven were included in the current study. Urinary carbofuranphenol concentrations were measured using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Paraquat increases Interleukin-1β in hippocampal dentate gyrus to impair hippocampal neurogenesis in adult mice.

Paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridium dichloride, PQ), a non-selective and efficient herbicide, causes neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and memory dysfunction. However, adverse effects of PQ on the neuroimmune interactions have rarely been investigated. Female adult C57/BL6 mice were divided into 3 groups and treated with PQ (intraperitoneal injection, 1 mg/kg or 5 mg/kg) or the vehicle (an equivalent volume of 0.

Urinary bisphenol A concentrations and adiposity measures at age 7 years in a prospective birth cohort.

Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure during early life may increase risk of childhood obesity, however, prospective evidence of birth cohort is limited and inconclusive. We aimed to explore the associations of maternal and childhood BPA exposure with child adiposity measures, including body mass index, waist circumference and skinfold thickness and waist to height ratio of children at 7 years. 430 mother-child pairs were examined from a population-based prospective cohort in a rural area of East China.

Early life triclosan exposure and neurodevelopment of children at 3 years in a prospective birth cohort.

Background: Early life exposure to triclosan, an emerging endocrine disrupting chemical, may adversely impact childhood neurodevelopment, but limited epidemiologic studies have examined the associations.

Objective: We evaluated the associations between prenatal and postnatal triclosan exposure and child neurodevelopment at 3 years.

Methods: The study included 377 mother-child pairs who participated in Sheyang Mini Birth Cohort Study (SMBCS), a longitudinal birth cohort in China.

Sex-Specific Differences in Cognitive Abilities Associated with Childhood Cadmium and Manganese Exposures in School-Age Children: a Prospective Cohort Study.

To examine sex-specific associations of neonatal and childhood exposure to eight trace elements with cognitive abilities of school-age children. The association between exposure and effects was assessed among 296 school-age children from a population-based birth cohort study, who had manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) exposure measured in cord blood and chromium (Cr), manganese, cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), arsenic (As), selenium (Se), cadmium, and lead exposure quantified in spot urine. Cognitive abilities were assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Chinese Revised (WISC-CR).

Long-Term Follow-Up of the Repair of the Multiple-Branch Facial Nerve Defect Using Acellular Nerve Allograft.

Purpose: To assess the clinical efficacy of the repair of facial nerve defects by allograft transplantation using acellular facial nerves.

Materials And Methods: Seven patients with facial nerve defects, ranging from damage to 1 facial nerve branch to combined defects of all branches, were enrolled. Defects ranged from 3 to longer than 4 cm.

A comparative study of acellular nerve xenografts and allografts in repairing rat facial nerve defects.

Acellular nerves are composed of a basal lamina tube, which retains sufficient bioactivity to promote axon regeneration, thereby repairing peripheral nerve gaps. However, the clinical application of acellular allografts has been restricted due to its limited availability. To investigate whether xenografts, a substitute to allograft acellular nerves in abundant supply, could efficiently promote nerve regeneration, rabbit and rat acellular nerve grafts were used to reconstruct 1 cm defects in Wistar rat facial nerves.

Primary study of the use of a shape-memory alloy distraction device in the dog mandible for alveolar ridge distraction: determination of osteotomy techniques and evaluation of osteogenesis outcome.

Purpose: The titanium-nickel shape-memory alloy distractor is a new kind of alveolar ridge distraction device that can be completely buried and self-activated. To evaluate this new device, the present study compared the effects of 2 osteotomy techniques and investigated the osteogenesis outcome by measuring the bone mineral density and biomechanical properties of newly generated bone tissues.

Materials And Methods: Adult mongrel canines (n = 18) were randomly divided into 3 groups.

Primary study of the use of an internal, self-activated shape memory alloy distraction device in the dog mandible: alveolar ridge distraction and implant placement.

Purpose: To investigate the use of an internal self-activated distraction device made of titanium-nickel memory alloy to augment the mandibular alveolar ridge.

Materials And Methods: Twelve adult mongrel canines were randomly divided into 4 groups. Groups I and II were sacrificed 1 month and 3 months after distraction, respectively.

Repair of whole rabbit facial nerve defects using facial nerve allografts.

Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of repairing whole facial nerve defects with chemically extracted acellular whole facial allografts nerves and its effect on motor conductivity recovery.

Materials And Methods: Whole nerve defects (branches and trunk) were made in 4 rabbit groups (n = 18), and the nerve defect was bridged using 1) acellular facial nerve allografts, 2) facial nerve isografts, 3) acellular peroneal nerve allografts, and 4) peroneal nerve isografts. Six months later, cell morphology, nerve microbeam distribution, angiogenesis, and collagen were observed in the distal and center of the grafts with special trichrome staining.

Effect of chondroitin sulfate modification on rhBMP-2 release kinetics from collagen delivery system.

Protein delivery systems focus on protecting the protein that directly affects release kinetics. This study was carried out to determine the effect of surface polar group and fiber structure in a recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) protecting system based on a collagen matrix on its pharmacokinetics (PK) and osteoinductive activity In this study, two types of collagen carriers were made for rhBMP-2 protecting system. The PKs of rhBMPs within collagen (Col) and collagen-chondroitin sulfate (Col-CS) carriers were determined using (125)I-labeled proteins in rat ectopic assay.

[Bone density and biomechanics study of alveolar ridge augmentation with titanium nickel shape memory alloy distractor and acellular dermal matrix].

Objective: To observe the dynamic changes of bone density and bone strength after alveolar ridge augmentation with Titanium Nickel shake memory alloy (TiNi-SMA) distractor and acellular dermal matrix (ADM).

Methods: Twelve adult healthy male dogs were selected. After the animal model of alveolar atrophy was set up, on one side of mandible, two S-shaped distractors were placed.

[Influence of chronic unpredictable emotional stress on the ultrastructures of temporomandibular joint in rats].

Objective: To study the influence of emotional stress on the ultrastructures of temporomandibular joint in rats.

Methods: Sixteen male Wistar rats, aged 12 weeks, were divided into 2 groups randomly, experimental group and control group. Animal model of chronic unpredictable stress was established in the experimental group.

Synthesis and characterization of collagen-chitosan-hydroxyapatite artificial bone matrix.

In this study, a new artificial bone matrix was constructed with collagen and Ca(5)(PO(4))(3)OH (hydroxyapatite/HA) which are the main components of natural bone. To improve the property of the artificial bone matrix, chitosan (CS), a kind of positive charged polysaccharide, was crosslinked into the scaffolds. Solid-liquid phase separation method was used to shape 3D porous structure benefited for cells growing into.

[Reconstruction of segmental mandibular defect of canine using titanium-nickel distractor].

Objective: To establish a continuous and automatic distraction osteogenesis technique in reconstruction of segmental mandibular defect by using embedded titanium-nickel alloy distractor with characteristics of shape-memory and super-elasticity.

Methods: Adult hybrid canines were used as the animal model. Segmental defects of 1-3 cm in the body of mandible were created by surgical osteotomy.