Dynamically mechanochromic, fluorescence-responsive, and underwater sensing cellulose nanocrystal-based conductive elastomers.

Utilizing cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) to mimic biological skin capable of converting external stimuli into optical and electrical signals represents a significant advancement in the development of advanced photonic materials. However, traditional CNC photonic materials typically exhibit static and singular optical properties, with their structural color and mechanical performance being susceptible to water molecules, thereby limiting their practical applications. In this study, CNC-based conductive elastomers with dynamic mechanochromism, fluorescence responsiveness, and enhanced water resistance were developed by incorporating carbon quantum dots (C QDs) and hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDES) into CNC photonic films via an in-situ swelling-photopolymerization method.

Hematoporphyrin derivative-mediated photodynamic techniques for the diagnosis and treatment of chordoma.

Background: Chordoma is a rare congenital low-grade malignant tumor characterized by infiltrative growth. It often tends to compress important intracranial nerves and blood vessels, making its surgical treatment extremely difficult. Besides, the efficacy of radiotherapy and chemotherapy is limited.

NAD affects differentially expressed genes--- in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model.

Background: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) plays a key role in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration and provides anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).

Aim: In this study, we aimed to investigate whether NAD affects differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in splenocytes of EAE mice to reveal candidate genes for the pathogenesis of MS.

Methods: The EAE model was used to perform an intervention on NAD to investigate its potential as a protective agent in inflammation and demyelination.

Robotic Frameless Stereotactic Aspiration with Thrombolysis for Primary Pontine Hemorrhage: A Therapeutic Evaluation of a Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background:  There is still no consensus on whether primary pontine hemorrhage (PPH) should be managed conservatively or treated promptly via surgical evacuation of the hematoma. The purpose of this study was to assess the therapeutic effect of robotic frameless stereotactic aspiration with thrombolysis in the treatment of PPH.

Methods:  A total of 39 patients with PPH treated between January 2012 and November 2016 were included in the study.

Cellular Localization and Distribution of TGF-β1, GDNF and PDGF-BB in the Adult Primate Central Nervous System.

The available data on the localization of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) in the adult primate and human central nervous system (CNS) are limited and lack comprehensive and systematic information. This study aimed to investigate the cellular localization and distribution of TGF-β1, GDNF, and PDGF-BB in the CNS of adult rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta). Seven adult rhesus macaques were included in the study.

Effect of Optic Canal Opening on Postoperative Visual Acuity in Patients with Tuberculum Sellae Meningiomas.

Background:  Tuberculum sellae meningiomas (TSMs) account for 5 to 10% of all intracranial meningiomas. They typically invade the optic canal and displace the optic nerve upward and laterally. The transcranial approach has been the standard surgical approach, while the transsphenoidal approach has been proposed for its minimally invasive nature; however, some reservations concerning this approach remain.

Effect of Ginkgolide in Ischemic Stroke patients with large Artery Atherosclerosis: Results from a randomized trial.

Background: Dual antiplatelet therapy is considered beneficial in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with intracranial artery stenosis (ICAS), with more bleeding events. Ginkgolide is shown to reduce platelet activation after infarction, which might be of benefit in AIS. We aimed to explore the effect of Ginkgolide in AIS patients with ICAS.

Microsurgery for Vestibular Schwannoma via Retrosigmoid Transmeatal Approach with Intraoperative Monitoring Techniques.

Background: Functional preservation of cranial nerves remains an issue in surgical treatment of vestibular schwannoma.

Aims: To explore the functional outcomes of vestibular schwannoma removed by microsurgery via a retrosigmoid transmeatal approach with intraoperative monitoring techniques.

Study Design: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on a group of patients with vestibular schwannoma operated by microsurgery.

White matter demyelination predates axonal injury after ischemic stroke in cynomolgus monkeys.

Unraveling the pathology of stroke is a prerequisite for designing therapeutic strategies. It was reported that myelin injury exceeded axonal loss in the peri-infarct region of rodent white matter stroke. An in-depth investigation of the post-stroke white matter damage in higher-order species might innovate stroke intervention.

The microsurgical treatment for primary hypertensive brainstem hemorrhage: Experience with 52 patients.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the effect of minimal invasive microsurgery in treating primary hypertensive brainstem hemorrhage (PHBH).

Methods: 52 patients of PHBH (≥3.5 ml) who have taken the minimal invasive microsurgery with neuronavigation guidance were included between Jan.

Portable 3D-Head Computed Tomography (CT) Navigation-Guided Key-Hole Microsurgery for Spontaneous Hypertensive Hemorrhages.

BACKGROUND This case series study evaluated the outcome and effect of portable 3D-head computed tomography (CT, MCT-I, 16 rows mobile CT made in China) navigation-guided key-hole microsurgery for supratentorial hypertensive hematomas. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-five consecutive unconscious patients with a significant volume of hypertensive intracranial hemorrhages (HICH) were treated with 3D image-guided key-hole microsurgery, and the clinical features were summarized. Preoperative and postoperative hematoma volumes and reduction in midline shifts were calculated and recorded.

First Human Trial of Stem Cell Transplantation in Complex Arrays for Stroke Patients Using the Intracerebral Microinjection Instrument.

Background: In preclinical studies, the Intracerebral Microinjection Instrument (IMI) has demonstrated the ability to deliver therapeutics within the brain in 3-dimensional arrays from a single overlying penetration while incurring minimal localized trauma.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and performance of the IMI in its first use in humans to deliver stem cells in complex configurations within brain regions affected by ischemic injury.

Methods: As part of a phase 1 study, 3 chronically hemiparetic motor stroke patients received intracerebral grafts of the therapeutic stem cell line, NSI-566, using the IMI and its supporting surgical planning software.

Stable Intracerebral Transplantation of Neural Stem Cells for the Treatment of Paralysis Due to Ischemic Stroke.

NSI-566 is a stable, primary adherent neural stem cell line derived from a single human fetal spinal cord and expanded epigenetically with no genetic modification. This cell line is being tested in clinical trials in the U.S.

Interaction of aquaporin 4 and N-methyl-D-aspartate NMDA receptor 1 in traumatic brain injury of rats.

Objectives: methyl-D-aspartate NMDA receptor (NMDAR) and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) are involved in the molecular cascade of edema after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and are potential targets of studies in pharmacology and medicine. However, their association and interactions are still unknown.

Materials And Methods: We established a rat TBI model in this study.

Anterior subtemporal approach for severe upper pontine hematomas: A report of 28 surgically treated cases.

The efficacy and safety of surgery for patients with primary pontine hemorrhage (PPH) remain debatable. Twenty-eight consecutive patients with huge upper PPH were included in this study. They underwent surgical management through a subtemporal approach between January 2009 and October 2013.

Microsurgery for patients diagnosed with neurofibromatosis type 2 complicated by vestibular schwannomas: Clinical experience and strategy for treatments.

Most patients diagnosed with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) have bilateral vestibular schwannomas (VS). Through reviewing surgical method and clinical outcomes, we tried to find out a strategy for treatments in NF2 patients with VS.We retrospectively reviewed patients diagnosed pathological NF2 and have had microsurgery (MS) for VS in the PLA Army General Hospital.

Effect evaluation of methylprednisolone plus mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 on spinal cord injury rats.

Purpose: To investigate the combination effect of methylprednisolone (MP) and mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 (Mdivi-1) on the neurological function recovery of rat spinal cord injury (SCI) model.

Methods: The weight-drop method was used to establish the rat SCI model; then, rats were randomized into sham group, SCI group, MP group, Mdivi-1 group and MP+Mdivi-1 group. Motor function scores were quantified to evaluate locomotor ability; HE staining was used to assess spinal cord histopathology; tissue water content, oxidative stress, tissue mitochondrial function, neurons apoptosis, and apoptosis-related protein expression were detected.

Syringe needle skull penetration reduces brain injuries and secondary inflammation following intracerebral neural stem cell transplantation.

Intracerebral neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation is beneficial for delivering stem cell grafts effectively, however, this approach may subsequently result in brain injury and secondary inflammation. To reduce the risk of promoting brain injury and secondary inflammation, two methods were compared in the present study. Murine skulls were penetrated using a drill on the left side and a syringe needle on the right.

RNAi for contactin 2 inhibits proliferation of U87-glioma stem cells by downregulating AICD, EGFR, and HES1.

Glioblastoma is the most common form of malignant brain tumors and has a poor prognosis. Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are thought to be responsible for the aberrant proliferation and invasion. Targeting the signaling pathways that promote proliferation in GSCs is one of the strategies for glioma treatment.

Increased expression of HERPUD1 involves in neuronal apoptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage.

Homocysteine-inducible endoplasmic reticulum stress-inducible ubiquitin-like domain member 1 protein (HERPUD1) is involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress response. Immense amounts of research showed HERPUD1 plays multiple roles in various models. In this work, we explored the role of HERPUD1 during the pathophysiological processes of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).

Induced neural stem cells modulate microglia activation states via CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling.

We previously reported that induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) directly reprogrammed from mouse embryonic fibroblasts can expand and differentiate into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Whether iNSCs have immunoregulatory properties in addition to facilitating cell replacement remains uncertain. In this study, we aimed to characterize the immunomodulatory effects of iNSCs on the activation states of microglia and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these effects.

Tumourigenicity and Immunogenicity of Induced Neural Stem Cell Grafts Versus Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Grafts in Syngeneic Mouse Brain.

Along with the development of stem cell-based therapies for central nervous system (CNS) disease, the safety of stem cell grafts in the CNS, such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and induced neural stem cells (iNSCs), should be of primary concern. To provide scientific basis for evaluating the safety of these stem cells, we determined their tumourigenicity and immunogenicity in syngeneic mouse brain. Both iPSCs and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) were able to form tumours in the mouse brain, leading to tissue destruction along with immune cell infiltration.

Stereotactic Administration of Edaravone Ameliorates Collagenase-Induced Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Rat.

Background: Edaravone is widely used for treating ischemic stroke, but it is not still confirmed in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) as an ideal medication targeting the brain parenchyma. We aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of stereotactic administration of edaravone (SI) into the brain parenchyma.

Methods: Intracerebral hemorrhage rat models were established by infusion of collagenase into the caudate nucleus.

Anti-inflammatory Effect of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Transplantation and Quercetin Treatment in a Rat Model of Experimental Cerebral Ischemia.

Here, we have investigated the synergistic effect of quercetin administration and transplantation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (HUMSCs) following middle cerebral artery occlusion in rat. Combining quercetin treatment with delayed transplantation of HUMSCs after local cerebral ischemia significantly (i) improved neurological functional recovery; (ii) reduced proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin(IL)-1β and IL-6), increased anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, and transforming growth factor-β1), and reduced ED-1 positive areas; (iii) inhibited cell apoptosis (caspase-3 expression); and (iv) improved the survival rate of HUMSCs in the injury site. Altogether, our results demonstrate that combined HUMSC transplantation and quercetin treatment is a potential strategy for reducing secondary damage and promoting functional recovery following cerebral ischemia.

Endoscopic biopsy of a B-cell lymphoma involving the entire ventricular system: A case report.

A 62-year-old male suffering from vomiting and mild preceding nausea for 15 days was examined in the present case report. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a homogeneously enhancing cluster-like lesion involving the lateral, third and fourth ventricles. An endoscopic biopsy was performed, and histopathological examination led to the diagnosis of a high-grade diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.