Demonstration of high-reconfigurability and low-power strong physical unclonable function empowered by FeFET cycle-to-cycle variation and charge-domain computing.

Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) are of immense potential in authentication scenarios for Internet of Things (IoT) devices. For creditable and lightweight PUF applications, key attributes, including low power, high reconfigurability and large challenge-response pair (CRP) space, are desirable. Here, we report a ferroelectric field-effect transistor (FeFET)-based strong PUF with high reconfigurability and low power, which leverages the FeFET cycle-to-cycle variation throughout the workflow and introduces charge-domain in-memory computing.

Kinetics and Mechanism of the Singlet Oxygen Atom Reaction with Dimethyl Ether.

We combine laser spectroscopy, quantum chemistry, and kinetic calculations to study the reaction of a singlet oxygen atom with dimethyl ether. Infrared laser absorption spectroscopy and Faraday rotation spectroscopy are used for the detection and quantification of the reaction products OH, HO, HO, and CHO on submillisecond time scales. Fitting temporal profiles of products with simulations using an in-house reaction mechanism allows product branching to be quantified at 30, 60, and 150 Torr.

Enhancements of electric field and afterglow of non-equilibrium plasma by Pb(ZrTi)O ferroelectric electrode.

Manipulating surface charge, electric field, and plasma afterglow in a non-equilibrium plasma is critical to control plasma-surface interaction for plasma catalysis and manufacturing. Here, we show enhancements of surface charge, electric field during breakdown, and afterglow by ferroelectric barrier discharge. The results show that the ferroelectrics manifest spontaneous electric polarization to increase the surface charge by two orders of magnitude compared to discharge with an alumina barrier.

Short: Prediction of fetal blood oxygen content in response to partial occlusion of maternal aorta.

Acute hemorrhage in pregnancy may lead to maternal and/or fetal morbidity or mortality. In emergency medicine, blockage of the aorta via an inflatable endovascular balloon, technically referred to Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA), is used to manage hemorrhage. However, the application of REBOA in pregnancy needs to strike a balance between two competing objectives of limiting maternal blood loss and ensuring fetal wellness, for which one would need to predict the impact of regulated blood pressure on fetal wellness.

A stable atmospheric-pressure plasma for extreme-temperature synthesis.

Plasmas can generate ultra-high-temperature reactive environments that can be used for the synthesis and processing of a wide range of materials. However, the limited volume, instability and non-uniformity of plasmas have made it challenging to scalably manufacture bulk, high-temperature materials. Here we present a plasma set-up consisting of a pair of carbon-fibre-tip-enhanced electrodes that enable the generation of a uniform, ultra-high temperature and stable plasma (up to 8,000 K) at atmospheric pressure using a combination of vertically oriented long and short carbon fibres.

Sensitive and single-shot OH and temperature measurements by femtosecond cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy.

In many low-temperature plasmas (LTPs), the OH radical and temperature represent key properties of plasma reactivity. However, OH and temperature measurements in weakly ionized LTPs are challenging, due to the low concentration and short lifetime of OH and the abrupt temperature rise caused by fast gas heating. To address such issues, this Letter combined cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (CEAS) with femtosecond (fs) pulses to enable sensitive single-shot broadband measurements of OH and temperature with a time resolution of ∼180 ns in LTPs.

Mobilization of soil phosphate after 8 years of warming is linked to plant phosphorus-acquisition strategies in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

Phosphorus (P) is essential for productivity of alpine grassland ecosystems, which are sensitive to global warming. We tested the hypotheses that (1) mobilized 'calcium-bound inorganic P' (Ca-P ) is a major source of plant-available P in alpine meadows with alkaline soils after long-term warming, (2) mobilization of Ca-P is linked to effective plant carboxylate-releasing P-acquisition strategies under warming, and (3) the mobilization is also related to plant nitrogen (N)-acquisition. We conducted an 8-year warming experiment in an alpine meadow (4635 m above sea level) on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

Initiating pedogenesis of magnetite tailings using Lupinus angustifolius (narrow-leaf lupin) as an ecological engineer to promote native plant establishment.

Mine tailings pose physical and chemical challenges for plant establishment. Our aim was to learn from natural processes in long-term soil and ecosystem development to use tailings as novel parent materials and pioneer ecological-engineering plant species to ameliorate extreme conditions of tailings, and facilitate the establishment of subsequent native plants. A glasshouse trial was conducted using magnetite tailings containing various amendments, investigating the potential of the nitrogen (N)-fixing, non-native pioneer species Lupinus angustifolius (Fabaceae), narrow-leaf lupin, as a potential eco-engineer to promote soil formation processes, and whether amendment type or the presence of pioneer vegetation improved the subsequent establishment and growth of 40 species of native plants.

Exceptional nitrogen-resorption efficiency enables Maireana species (Chenopodiaceae) to function as pioneers at a mine-restoration site.

Tailings are among the most challenging mined substrates for plant re-establishment, in particular because of a lack of soil-like structure and nitrogen. Potential pioneer plants are sometimes found in such disturbed and infertile sites. We present a group of pioneer species from the genus Maireana (Chenopodiaceae) that are promising candidates for the restoration of magnetite tailings.

Incorporating rock in surface covers improves the establishment of native pioneer vegetation on alkaline mine tailings.

Background And Aims: Rates of tailings production and deposition around the world have increased markedly in recent decades, and have grown asynchronously with safe and environmentally suitable solutions for their storage. Tailings are often produced in regions harbouring biodiverse native plant communities adapted to old, highly-weathered soils. The highly-altered edaphic conditions of tailings compared with natural soils in these areas will likely select against many locally endemic plant species, making phytostabilisation, rehabilitation or ecological restoration of these landforms challenging.

Time-resolved HO detection with Faraday rotation spectroscopy in a photolysis reactor.

Faraday rotation spectroscopy (FRS) employs the Faraday effect to detect Zeeman splitting in the presence of a magnetic field. In this article, we present system design and implementation of radical sensing in a photolysis reactor using FRS. High sensitivity (100 ppb) and time resolved in situ HO detection is enabled with a digitally balanced acquisition scheme.

Frequency-domain Dual-contrast Photoacoustic Imaging with Chirp Modulation.

Photoacoustic imaging has shown its great potential in biomedical imaging. A variety of imaging applications, like blood oxygenation for functional imaging, have been widely studied during the past few decades. Most of the previous works are based on the tissue's endogenous or nanoprobe's extraneous optical absorbance.

E-greening the planet.

Ant Forest, a mobile app developed by the monolithic Alibaba Group, is greening individuals' daily activities and transforming human capacity to reverse global environmental degradation. Over 500 million e-trees are being cultivated every day in China using Ant Forest, and over 122 million real trees have been planted over more than 112 000 ha of degraded land. Ant Forest showcases how internet technology innovation combined with digital financing and philanthropy is contributing to solving environmental issues while attracting and retaining customer loyalty.

Low-Cost Multi-Wavelength Photoacoustic Imaging Based on Portable Continuous-Wave Laser Diode Module.

Photoacoustic imaging (PAI), an emerging imaging technique, exploits the merits of both optical and ultrasound imaging, equipped with optical contrast and deep penetration. Typical linear PAI relies on a nanosecond laser pulse to induce photoacoustic signals. To construct a multi-wavelength PAI system, a multi-wavelength nano-second laser source is required, which greatly increases the cost of the PAI system.

Edaphic niche characterization of four Proteaceae reveals unique calcicole physiology linked to hyper-endemism of Grevillea thelemanniana.

Endemism and rarity have long intrigued scientists. We focused on a rare endemic and critically-endangered species in a global biodiversity hotspot, Grevillea thelemanniana (Proteaceae). We carried out plant and soil analyses of four Proteaceae, including G.

Enabling both time-domain and frequency-domain photoacoustic imaging by a fingertip laser diode system.

Photoacoustic imaging has attracted increasing research interest in recent years, due to its unique merit of combining light and sound. Enabling deep tissue imaging with high ultrasound spatial resolution and optical absorption contrast, photoacoustic imaging has been applied in various application scenarios including anatomical, functional and molecular imaging. However, the bulky and expensive laser source is one of the key bottlenecks that needs to be addressed for further compact system development.

Hybrid multi-wavelength photoacoustic imaging.

Multi-wavelength photoacoustic (PA) imaging has been studied extensively to explore the spectroscopic absorption contrast of biological tissues. To generate strong PA signals, a high-power wavelength-tunable pulsed laser source has to be employed, which is bulky and quite expensive. In this paper, we propose a hybrid multi-wavelength PA imaging (hPAI) method based on combination of single-wavelength pulsed and multi-wavelength continuous-wave (CW) laser sources.

Wavelet de-noising method with adaptive threshold selection for photoacoustic tomography.

Photoacoustic (PA) tomography enables imaging of optical absorption property in deep scattering tissue by listening to the PA wave. However, it is an open challenge that the conversion efficiency from light to sound based on PA effect is extremely low. The consequence is the poor signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of PA signal especially in scenarios of low laser power and deep penetration.

Optical spectroscopic ultrasound displacement imaging.

Photoacoustic imaging has been intensively studied in recent years, and many of the achievements have already been applied in important biomedical and clinical applications, e.g. spectroscopic photoacoustic imaging to extract functional and molecular information.

Hybrid multi-wavelength nonlinear photoacoustic sensing and imaging.

Multi-wavelength photoacoustic (PA) imaging has been studied extensively to explore the spectroscopic absorption contrast of biological tissues. To generate strong PA signals, a high-power wavelength tunable pulsed laser source has to be employed, which is bulky and quite expensive. In this Letter, we propose a hybrid multi-wavelength PA imaging (hPAI) method based on the combination of a single-wavelength pulsed laser source and multi-wavelength continuous-wave (CW) laser sources.

Geochemical and mineralogical constraints in iron ore tailings limit soil formation for direct phytostabilization.

The present study aimed to characterize key physico-chemical and mineralogical attributes of magnetite iron (Fe) ore tailings to identify potential constraints limiting in situ soil formation and direct phytostabilization. Tailings of different age, together with undisturbed local native soils, were sampled from a magnetite mine in Western Australia. Tailings were extremely alkaline (pH > 9.

Review of Low-Cost Photoacoustic Sensing and Imaging Based on Laser Diode and Light-Emitting Diode.

Photoacoustic tomography (PAT), a promising medical imaging method that combines optical and ultrasound techniques, has been developing for decades mostly in preclinical application. A recent trend is to utilize the economical laser source to develop a low-cost sensing and imaging system, which aims at an affordable solution in clinical application. These low-cost laser sources have different modulation modes such as pulsed modulation, continuous modulation and coded modulation to generate different profiles of PA signals in photoacoustic (PA) imaging.

The phytoremediation potential of native plants on New Zealand dairy farms.

Ecological restoration of marginal land and riparian zones in agricultural landscapes in New Zealand enhances the provision of above-ground ecosystem services. We investigated whether native endemic plant assemblages have remediation potential, through modifying soil nutrient and trace element mobility. Analysis of native plant foliage in situ indicated that selective uptake of a range of commonly deficient trace elements including Zn, B, Cu, Mn and Co could provide a browse crop to avoid deficiencies of these elements in livestock, although some native plants may enhance the risk of Mo and Cd toxicity.