Structural and Statistical Texture Knowledge Distillation and Learning for Segmentation.

We propose to re-emphasize the low-level texture information in deep networks for semantic segmentation and related knowledge distillation tasks. Low-level texture feature/knowledge is also of vital importance for characterizing the local structural pattern and global statistical property, such as boundary, smoothness, regularity and color contrast, which may not be well addressed by highlevel deep features. In this paper, we are intended to take full advantage of both structural and statistical texture knowledge and propose a novel Structural and Statistical Texture Knowledge Distillation (SSTKD) framework for semantic segmentation.

Serum amino acid alterations in hyperuricemia: potential targets for renal disease prevention.

Unlabelled: Observational studies have linked uric acid (UA) levels and kidney disease to amino acid homeostasis, but the causal relationship is unclear. This study aims to determine if elevated UA affects amino acid levels and whether amino acids mediate this relationship, focusing on the causal links between UA, circulating amino acids, and kidney disease.

Methods: This study utilized Uox-KO mice as a hyperuricemia model, assessed renal injury through blood biochemistry and pathology, analyzed serum amino acid changes via targeted amino acidomics, and employed Mendelian randomization to investigate the causal links between uric acid, amino acids, and renal disease.

Omega-3 PUFAs improve cognitive function in heat-stressed mice by enhancing autophagy inhibition of the phosphorylation of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway.

The adverse effects of elevated temperatures on human health are becoming progressively severe. This research established a mouse model of cognitive dysfunction induced by heat stress to examine the impact of omega-3 PUFAs on the cognitive capabilities of heat-stressed mice. The study also aimed to elucidate the role and potential mechanisms of autophagy regulation in cognitive enhancement through omega-3 PUFAs interventions.

A pan-allelic human SIRPα-blocking antibody, ES004-B5, promotes tumor killing by enhancing macrophage phagocytosis and subsequently inducing an effective T-cell response.

As a major immune cell type in the tumor microenvironment, tumor-associated macrophages secrete suppressive factors that can inhibit antitumor immunity and promote tumor progression. One approach trying to utilize macrophages for immunotherapy has been to block the CD47-SIRPα axis, which mediates inhibitory signaling, to promote phagocytosis of tumor cells. Many CD47-targeted agents, namely, anti-CD47 antibodies and SIRPα fusion proteins, were associated with a diverse spectrum of toxicities that limit their use in clinical settings.

Heat stress induces calcium dyshomeostasis to subsequent cognitive impairment through ERS-mediated apoptosis via SERCA/PERK/eIF2α pathway.

Heat exposure is an environmental stressor that has been associated with cognitive impairment. However, the neural mechanisms that underlie this phenomenon have yet to be extensively investigated. The Morris water maze test was utilized to assess cognitive performance.

Deep convolutional neural network model ResNeSt for discrimination of papillary thyroid carcinomas and benign nodules in thyroid nodules diagnosed as atypia of undetermined significance.

Background: A deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) model was employed for the differentiation of thyroid nodules diagnosed as atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) according to the 2023 Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC). The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of ResNeSt in improving the diagnostic accuracy of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy.

Methods: Fragmented images were used to train and test DCNN models.

Zinc and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Review.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a major global public health challenge. The World Health Organization's data shows that CKD affects about 10% of the world's population, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Due to limited access to diagnosis and treatment, CKD has become the 12th leading cause of death worldwide.

The value of speckle-tracking stratified strain combined with myocardial work measurement in evaluating left ventricular function in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

Background: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a highly prevalent progressive disease accompanied by poor quality of life, high utilization of medical resources, morbidity, and mortality. However, the role of left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction has yet to be well elaborated despite the preservation of the LV ejection fraction. This study aimed to explore the diagnostic value of speckle-tracking stratified strain combined with myocardial work (MW) measurement in evaluating LV systolic dysfunction in patients with HFpEF.

Magnesium hydride protects against acetaminophen-induced acute kidney injury by inhibiting TXNIP/NLRP3/nf-κb pathway.

Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute kidney injury (APAP-AKI) has turned into one of reasons for clinic obtained renal insufficiency. Magnesium hydride (MgH), as a solid-state hydrogen source, might be potentially applied in clinical practice. The current study aimed to investigate the protective effect of MgH against APAP-AKI.

The magnesium depletion score is associated with increased likelihood of kidney stone disease among female adults.

Object: The association between magnesium depletion score (MDS) and kidney stone disease (KSD) remains unknown. This study was designed to investigate the association of MDS with KSD in adults.

Methods: A total of 19,654 participants were enrolled from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES).

Swimming Performance in Large Yellow Croaker: Effects of Group Size, Test Protocol, and Recovery Time On Critical Swimming Speed.

Swimming is critical for fish survival, and little attention has been paid to the swimming performance of large yellow croaker, the largest farmed marine fish in China. To address this gap, we conducted a study to measure the critical swimming speed (U) of 1050 croaker in a designed swim test flume. Our findings shed light on the effects of group size, U test protocol, and recovery time on swimming performance.

BPJDet: Extended Object Representation for Generic Body-Part Joint Detection.

Detection of human body and its parts has been intensively studied. However, most of CNNs-based detectors are trained independently, making it difficult to associate detected parts with body. In this paper, we focus on the joint detection of human body and its parts.

SPHK1/S1P/S1PR pathway promotes the progression of peritoneal fibrosis by mesothelial-mesenchymal transition.

Long-term exposure to non-physiologically compatible dialysate inevitably leads to peritoneal fibrosis (PF) in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD), and there is no effective prevention or treatment for PF. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid produced after catalysis by sphingosine kinase (SPHK) 1/2 and activates signals through the S1P receptor (S1PR) via autocrine or paracrine. However, the role of SPHK1/S1P/S1PR signaling has never been elucidated in PF.

Enhancing the Accuracy of Lymph-Node-Metastasis Prediction in Gynecologic Malignancies Using Multimodal Federated Learning: Integrating CT, MRI, and PET/CT.

Gynecological malignancies, particularly lymph node metastasis, have presented a diagnostic challenge, even with traditional imaging techniques such as CT, MRI, and PET/CT. This study was conceived to explore and, subsequently, to bridge this diagnostic gap through a more holistic and innovative approach. By developing a comprehensive framework that integrates both non-image data and detailed MRI image analyses, this study harnessed the capabilities of a multimodal federated-learning model.

Therapeutic effect of hydrogen and its mechanisms in kidney disease treatment.

Hydrogen is a simple, colorless, and biologically active small molecule gas that can react with reactive oxygen species. Recent research suggests that hydrogen possesses several biological effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects, while exhibiting an extremely high level of safety. Hydrogen application has shown promise in treating a range of acute and chronic diseases, both benign and malignant.

Tamoxifen exerts anti-peritoneal fibrosis effects by inhibiting H19-activated VEGFA transcription.

Background: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) remains limited due to dialysis failure caused by peritoneal fibrosis. Tamoxifen (TAM), an inhibitor of estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), has been reported to treat fibrosis, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we sought to explore whether tamoxifen played an anti-fibrotic role by affecting transcription factor ESR1.

Phytochemical interventions for post-traumatic stress disorder: A cluster co-occurrence network analysis using CiteSpace.

Objective: This study investigated trends in the study of phytochemical treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Methods: The Web of Science database (2007-2022) was searched using the search terms "phytochemicals" and "PTSD," and relevant literature was compiled. Network clustering co-occurrence analysis and qualitative narrative review were conducted.

Corrigendum: niruri L. exerts protective effects against the calcium oxalate-induced renal injury via ellgic acid.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.

Nanoparticulate MgH ameliorates anxiety/depression-like behaviors in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis by regulating microglial polarization and oxidative stress.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Anxiety and depression are the most common psychiatric comorbidities of MS, which seriously affect patients' quality of life, treatment compliance, and prognosis. However, current treatments for anxiety and depression in MS show low therapeutic efficacy and significant side effects.

Radiologists with assistance of deep learning can achieve overall accuracy of benign-malignant differentiation of musculoskeletal tumors comparable with that of pre-surgical biopsies in the literature.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess if radiologists assisted by deep learning (DL) algorithms can achieve diagnostic accuracy comparable to that of pre-surgical biopsies in benign-malignant differentiation of musculoskeletal tumors (MST).

Methods: We first conducted a systematic review of literature to get the respective overall diagnostic accuracies of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and core needle biopsy (CNB) in differentiating between benign and malignant MST, by synthesizing data from the articles meeting our inclusion criteria. To compared against the accuracies reported in literature, we then invited 4 radiologists, respectively with 2 (A), 6 (B), 7 (C), and 33 (D) years of experience in interpreting musculoskeletal MRI to perform diagnostic tests on our own dataset (n = 62), with and without assistance of a previously developed DL algorithm.

Nutritional supplements formulated to prevent cognitive impairment in animals.

Heat stress will cause a series of response in the living system and the most significant impact is on brain functions. The aim of this article is to develop nutritional supplements that can alleviate cognitive decline caused by heat stress. In this article, we screen functional food factors which can prevent or relieve effects on heat stress injury based on bioinformatics.

An iron-deficient diet prevents alcohol- or diethylnitrosamine-induced acute hepatotoxicity in mice by inhibiting ferroptosis.

The liver is easily injured by exogenous chemicals through reactive oxygen species (ROS), which lead to ferroptosis, a ROS-dependent programmed cell death characterized by iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. However, whether iron restriction has a positive role in chemicals-induced liver injuries is unknown. The present study investigated the effects of an iron-deficient diet on liver injuries induced by alcohol or diethylnitrosamine (DEN).