Neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy-a promising strategy for primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma.

Objective: Neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy has been a promising choice for patients with locally advanced non-small cell cancer (NSCLC). However, whether neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy impacted the subsequent surgical or pathological outcomes of patients with pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (PLELC) remains relatively unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy in PLELC patients.

Efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors for individuals with advanced EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer who progressed on EGFR tyrosine-kinase inhibitors: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and network meta-analysis.

Background: The clinical benefits of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based treatments in treating individuals with advanced EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have progressed on EGFR tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs) remain controversial. We aimed to review the literature to comprehensively investigate the individual and comparative clinical outcomes of various ICI-based treatment strategies in this population.

Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we used single-arm, pairwise, and network meta-analytical approaches.

Spatial whole exome sequencing reveals the genetic features of highly-aggressive components in lung adenocarcinoma.

In invasive lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), patients with micropapillary (MIP) or solid (SOL) components had a significantly poorer prognosis than those with only lepidic (LEP), acinar (ACI) or papillary (PAP) components. It is interesting to explore the genetic features of different histologic subtypes, especially the highly aggressive components. Based on a cohort of 5,933 patients, this study observed that in different tumor size groups, LUAD with MIP/SOL components showed a different prevalence, and patients with ALK alteration or TP53 mutations had a higher probability of developing MIP/SOL components.

A new gene signature associated with disulfidptosis that forecasts myasthenia gravis and suggests infiltration of immune microenvironment in thymoma patients.

Introduction: The mechanism of thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis (TAMG) is currently unknown, although patients with TAMG experience more severe myasthenic symptoms and have worse prognoses compared to regular thymoma patients. The objective of this research is to create a transcriptome map of TAMG using genes linked to disulfidptosis, detect possible biomarkers, and examine the disparities in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) among different thymoma patients. The findings will offer valuable knowledge for personalized treatment alternatives.

Th17/Treg balance: the bloom and wane in the pathophysiology of sepsis.

Sepsis is a multi-organ dysfunction characterized by an unregulated host response to infection. It is associated with high morbidity, rapid disease progression, and high mortality. Current therapies mainly focus on symptomatic treatment, such as blood volume supplementation and antibiotic use, but their effectiveness is limited.

Upfront surgery for stage IIIA/B non-small cell lung cancer: retrospective cohort study.

Background: Stage III non-small cell lung cancer is a heterogeneous disease. Several international guidelines recommend neoadjuvant treatment before surgery; however, upfront surgery is the preferred approach for technically resectable non-small cell lung cancer in East Asia. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes of curative-intent upfront surgery in stage IIIA/B non-small cell lung cancer.

Loratidine is associated with improved prognosis and exerts antineoplastic effects via apoptotic and pyroptotic crosstalk in lung cancer.

Background: Tumor-associated inflammation suggests that anti-inflammatory medication could be beneficial in cancer therapy. Loratadine, an antihistamine, has demonstrated improved survival in certain cancers. However, the anticancer mechanisms of loratadine in lung cancer remain unclear.

Microbiota modulate lung squamous cell carcinoma lymph node metastasis through microbiota-geneset correlation network.

Background: The tumor-resident microbiota in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) has been reported to be associated with the initiation and progression of cancer. And the gut microbiome can modulate the efficacy of immunotherapies. However, it remains to be understood whether the tumor-resident microbiome promotes lymph node (LN) metastasis, which is important for clinical decision-making and prediction of a patient's prognosis.

Impact of lymphadenectomy extent on immunotherapy efficacy in postresectional recurred non-small cell lung cancer: a multi-institutional retrospective cohort study.

Background: Lymph node (LN) dissection is a common procedure for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to ascertain disease severity and treatment options. However, murine studies have indicated that excising tumor-draining LNs diminished immunotherapy effectiveness, though its applicability to clinical patients remains uncertain. Hence, the authors aim to illustrate the immunological implications of LN dissection by analyzing the impact of dissected LN (DLN) count on immunotherapy efficacy, and to propose a novel 'immunotherapy-driven' LN dissection strategy.

"Major pathologic response" in lymph nodes: a modified nodal classification for non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy.

We aim to examine the prognostic value of major pathologic response in metastatic lymph nodes (mLN-MPR) after immunochemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and demonstrate the pathological characteristic of regression in mLN. Adult patients consecutively undergone neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy and radical-intent surgery for initial stage cIII NSCLC between 2020 and 2021 were included. Hematoxylin- and eosin-stained slides of paraffinembedded sections of the degree of pathologic response in the primary tumor (PT) and its paired involved LNs were reviewed.

Risk mapping of lung cancer: a comprehensive appraisal of published meta-analyses incorporating Mendelian randomization studies.

Introduction: A comprehensive appraisal of published meta-analyses incorporating Mendelian randomization studies was performed to map the different risk factors and assess the causality for lung cancer.

Methods: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational and interventional studies were reviewed based on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Mendelian randomization analyses were conducted to validate the causal associations of those various exposures with lung cancer using summary statistics from 10 genome-wide association studies (GWAS) consortia and other GWAS databases in MR-Base platform.

Development of an acute kidney injury risk prediction model for patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Background: Some studies have reported to use some predictors before extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) initiation to predict the acute kidney injury (AKI) risk. However, injury during the ECMO operation and the response of patients to ECMO may significantly influence the prognosis, and they are unpredictable before ECMO initiation. This study aims to develop a potential model based clinical characteristics at the 2-hour time point during ECMO for the early prediction of AKI in patients receiving ECMO.

Preoperative immunochemotherapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer: an analysis of the clinical outcomes, optimal number of cycles, and peripheral immune markers.

Background: This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the real-world efficacy of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy in locally advanced stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with a particular focus on analyzing the optimal treatment cycle and peripheral immune markers.

Methods: Eligible patients with biopsy-confirmed stage III NSCLC who underwent neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy between January 1, 2018 and March 30, 2021 were identified, and their oncological outcomes were collected.

Results: A total of 115 patients were identified, among whom 61, 51, and three cases were classified as clinical stage IIIA, IIIB, and IIIC at presentation, respectively.

Impact of the interval between neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy and surgery on surgical-pathological outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer.

Introduction: The interval between neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy and surgery in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been well characterized. This study investigated the association between the time-to-surgery (TTS) interval and surgical-pathological outcomes.

Method: Clinical data of patients who received neoadjuvant immun-ochemotherapy followed by surgery for NSCLC between January 2019 and September 2021 were collected.

Predicting EGFR mutation status in lung adenocarcinoma presenting as ground-glass opacity: utilizing radiomics model in clinical translation.

Objectives: This study aimed to establish a non-invasive radiomics model based on computed tomography (CT), with favorable sensitivity and specificity to predict EGFR mutation status in GGO-featured lung adenocarcinoma subsequently guiding the administration of targeted therapy.

Methods: Clinical-pathological information and preoperative CT images of 636 lung adenocarcinoma patients (464, 100, and 72 in the training, internal, and external validation sets, respectively) that underwent GGO lesions resection were included. A total of 1476 radiomics features were extracted with gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT).

PD-L1 expression and Tumor mutation burden as Pathological response biomarkers of Neoadjuvant immunotherapy for Early-stage Non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

To date, there is no approved biomarker for predicting pathological response in neoadjuvant programmed cell death (ligand) 1 (PD-(L)1) blockades treated early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Databases including PubMed, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Conference abstracts were searched for clinical trials of neoadjuvant PD-1/PD-L1 blockades for resectable NSCLC.

Radical Minimally Invasive Surgery After Immuno-chemotherapy in Initially-unresectable Stage IIIB Non-small cell Lung Cancer.

Introduction: Use of neoadjuvant immunotherapy agent in advanced stage NSCLC is controversial. Herein, we aim to report on a case series of successful conversion from initial unresectable stage cIIIB NSCLC to radical minimally invasive surgery through immunochemotherapy; with particular attention given to surgical outcomes and survival benefit of surgery.

Methods: Fifty-one patients with initial stage cIIIB NSCLC who received PD-1 agents plus platinum-based chemotherapy between May, 2018 to August, 2020 were retrospectively identified.

Role of lymphatic endothelial cells in the tumor microenvironment-a narrative review of recent advances.

Background: As lymphatic vessel is a major route for solid tumor metastasis, they are considered an essential part of tumor drainage conduits. Apart from forming the walls of lymphatic vessels, lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) have been found to play multiple other roles in the tumor microenvironment, calling for a more in-depth review. We hope that this review may help researchers gain a detailed understanding of this fast-developing field and shed some light upon future research.

Nonintubated Robotic-assisted Thoracic Surgery for Tracheal/Airway Resection and Reconstruction: Technique Description and Preliminary Results.

Objective: We aim to report a novel surgical technique that RATS combined with nonintubated spontaneous ventilation to perform tracheal/airway surgery.

Summary Of Background Data: Our team has demonstrated video-assisted transthoracic surgery can be used for thoracic tracheal diseases with satisfactory outcomes. Our team has also demonstrated that tracheal/airway resection and reconstruction under spontaneous ventilation can improve the anastomosis and operating time.

Early extubation in operating room after single-lung transplantation: a single institutional experience.

Background: Early endotracheal extubation in operating room (E-OR) after lung transplantation is rarely reported worldwide. Herein, we aim to explore the feasibility and safety of E-OR after lung transplantation and demonstrate its potential benefits.

Methods: This study is a single-center retrospective database analysis of 18 patients.

Sleeve lobectomy after neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy/chemotherapy for local advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Sleeve lobectomy has been reported to be a safe procedure after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We aim to evaluate the oncological and surgical outcomes of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy (IO+C) for local advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who underwent sleeve lobectomy.

Methods: NSCLC patients that underwent sleeve lobectomy between December 2016 and December 2019 were retrospectively included.

Management for Residual Ground-Glass Opacity Lesions After Resection of Main Tumor in Multifocal Lung Cancer: A Case Report and Literature Review.

There are increasing numbers of synchronous multiple primary lung cancer (SMPLC) patients in clinical practice, with most lesions presenting as ground-glass opacity (GGO). For SMPLC patients, surgical resection should be a prior option for all lesions suspected of being malignant, if medically and technically feasible. However, it is frequently a dilemma for the management of residual GGO lesions that were unresected simultaneously with the main tumor in SMPLC patients.

Early versus late tracheotomy in ICU patients: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: This study aimed to quantitatively analyze the available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and investigate whether early tracheotomy can improve clinical endpoints compared with late tracheotomy in critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation.

Methods: The electronic databases of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library were systematically searched in August 2019. The investigated outcomes were calculated using relative risks (RRs) and standardized mean differences (SMDs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) through the random-effects model for categories and continuous data, respectively.

Spontaneous ventilation video-assisted thoracic surgery for mediastinal tumor resection in patients with pulmonary function deficiency.

Background: Whether non-intubated spontaneous ventilation video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (SV-VATS) is a safe procedure remains controversial for mediastinal tumor patients with impaired lung function. Herein, we assessed feasibility of SV-VATS in lung function deficiency patients underwent mediastinal tumor resection.

Methods: From December 2015 to February 2020, 32 mediastinal tumor patients with impaired lung function (preoperative forced expiratory volume in 1 second <70% of the predicted value) were retrospectively collected.