TS-LCD: Two-Stage Loop-Closure Detection Based on Heterogeneous Data Fusion.

Loop-closure detection plays a pivotal role in simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). It serves to minimize cumulative errors and ensure the overall consistency of the generated map. This paper introduces a multi-sensor fusion-based loop-closure detection scheme (TS-LCD) to address the challenges of low robustness and inaccurate loop-closure detection encountered in single-sensor systems under varying lighting conditions and structurally similar environments.