A comprehensive map of DNA-segment copy number variation in 491 genomes of common wheat uncovers genes associated with multiple agronomic traits.

DNA-segment copy number variations (DSCNVs), such as deletions and duplications, are important sources of genomic structural variation. However, types and sizes of DSCNVs in wheat, as well as their genome-wide distribution and potential functions are poorly known. Here, we identified 198,985 DSCNVs by investigating 491 genomes of common wheat, which accounted for 20% of the entire genome.

A Quantitative Computational Framework for Allopolyploid Single-Cell Data Integration and Core Gene Ranking in Development.

Polyploidization drives regulatory and phenotypic innovation. How the merger of different genomes contributes to polyploid development is a fundamental issue in evolutionary developmental biology and breeding research. Clarifying this issue is challenging because of genome complexity and the difficulty in tracking stochastic subgenome divergence during development.

Natural variant of Rht27, a dwarfing gene, enhances yield potential in wheat.

Discovery of Rht27, a dwarf gene in wheat, showed potential in enhancing grain yield by reducing plant height. Plant height plays a crucial role in crop architecture and grain yield, and semi-dwarf Reduced Height (Rht) alleles contribute to lodging resistance and were important in "Green Revolution." However, the use of these alleles is associated with some negative side effects in some environments, such as reduced coleoptile length, low nitrogen use efficiency, and reduced yield.

Fine mapping of a major QTL, qKl-1BL controlling kernel length in common wheat.

A major stable QTL, qKl-1BL, for kernel length of wheat was narrowed down to a 2.04-Mb interval on chromosome 1BL; the candidate genes were predicated and the genetic effects on yield-related traits were characterized. As a key factor influencing kernel weight, wheat kernel shape is closely related to yield formation, and in turn affects both wheat processing quality and market value.

Epigenetic modifications regulate cultivar-specific root development and metabolic adaptation to nitrogen availability in wheat.

The breeding of crops with improved nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is crucial for sustainable agriculture, but the involvement of epigenetic modifications remains unexplored. Here, we analyze the chromatin landscapes of two wheat cultivars (KN9204 and J411) that differ in NUE under varied nitrogen conditions. The expression of nitrogen metabolism genes is closely linked to variation in histone modification instead of differences in DNA sequence.

Dissection and validation of a promising QTL controlling spikelet number on 5B in bread wheat.

Five environmentally stable QTLs for spikelet number per spike and days to heading were identified using a high-genetic map containing 95,444 SNPs, among which QSns.ucas-5B was validated using residual heterozygous line at multiple environments. Spikelet number per spike (SNS) and days to heading (DTH) play pivotal roles in the improvement of wheat yield.

Iron in the Symbiosis of Plants and Microorganisms.

Iron is an essential element for most organisms. Both plants and microorganisms have developed different mechanisms for iron uptake, transport and storage. In the symbiosis systems, such as rhizobia-legume symbiosis and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, maintaining iron homeostasis to meet the requirements for the interaction between the host plants and the symbiotic microbes is a new challenge.

The SOD7/DPA4-GIF1 module coordinates organ growth and iron uptake in Arabidopsis.

Organ growth is controlled by both intrinsic genetic factors and external environmental signals. However, the molecular mechanisms that coordinate plant organ growth and nutrient supply remain largely unknown. We have previously reported that the B3 domain transcriptional repressor SOD7 (NGAL2) and its closest homologue DPA4 (NGAL3) act redundantly to limit organ and seed growth in Arabidopsis.

A Wheat 660 K SNP array-based high-density genetic map facilitates QTL mapping of flag leaf-related traits in wheat.

A high-density genetic map containing 122,620 SNP markers was constructed, which facilitated the identification of eight major flag leaf-related QTL in relatively narrow intervals. The flag leaf plays an important role in photosynthetic capacity and yield potential in wheat. In this study, we used a recombinant inbred line population containing 188 lines derived from a cross between 'Lankao86' (LK86) and 'Ermangmai' to construct a genetic map using the Wheat 660 K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array.

Wheat genomic study for genetic improvement of traits in China.

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major crop that feeds 40% of the world's population. Over the past several decades, advances in genomics have led to tremendous achievements in understanding the origin and domestication of wheat, and the genetic basis of agronomically important traits, which promote the breeding of elite varieties.

Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses uncover the molecular basis of high nitrogen-use efficiency in the wheat cultivar Kenong 9204.

Studying the regulatory mechanisms that drive nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) in crops is important for sustainable agriculture and environmental protection. In this study, we generated a high-quality genome assembly for the high-NUE wheat cultivar Kenong 9204 and systematically analyzed genes related to nitrogen uptake and metabolism. By comparative analyses, we found that the high-affinity nitrate transporter gene family had expanded in Triticeae.

Crosstalk Between Iron and Sulfur Homeostasis Networks in .

The widespread deficiency of iron (Fe) and sulfur (S) is becoming a global concern. The underlying mechanisms regulating Fe and S sensing and signaling have not been well understood. We investigated the crosstalk between Fe and S using mutants impaired in Fe homeostasis, sulfate assimilation, and glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis.

Fine mapping of the tiller inhibition gene TIN5 in Triticum urartu.

A tiller inhibition gene TIN5 was delimited to an approximate 2.1 Mb region on chromosome Tu7 that contains 24 annotated genes. Grain yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.

Requirement and functional redundancy of two large ribonucleotide reductase subunit genes for cell cycle, chloroplast biogenesis and photosynthesis in tomato.

Background And Aims: Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), functioning in the de novo synthesis of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs), is crucial for DNA replication and cell cycle progression. In most plants, the large subunits of RNR have more than one homologous gene. However, the different functions of these homologous genes in plant development remain unknown.

Whole-genome resequencing of the wheat A subgenome progenitor Triticum urartu provides insights into its demographic history and geographic adaptation.

Triticum urartu is the progenitor of the A subgenome in tetraploid and hexaploid wheat. Uncovering the landscape of genetic variations in T. urartu will help us understand the evolutionary and polyploid characteristics of wheat.

Biofortification of iron and zinc in rice and wheat.

Iron and zinc are critical micronutrients for human health. Approximately two billion people suffer from iron and zinc deficiencies worldwide, most of whom rely on rice (Oryza sativa) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) as staple foods. Therefore, biofortifying rice and wheat with iron and zinc is an important and economical approach to ameliorate these nutritional deficiencies.

AtCPS V326M significantly affect the biosynthesis of gibberellins.

Gibberellins are a class of typical phytohormones, which regulate plant growth and development. The contents of gibberellins dramatically affect the morphology and biomass of plant. The encoding protein of copalyl diphosphate synthase gene (CPS) catalyzes the first-step in the biosynthetic pathway of gibberellins.

Ne2, a typical CC-NBS-LRR-type gene, is responsible for hybrid necrosis in wheat.

Hybrid necrosis, caused by complementary genes Ne1 and Ne2, is a serious barrier for combining desirable traits from different genotypes of wheat, affecting the full utilisation of heterosis. To date, both Ne1 and Ne2 are still not isolated although they were documented decades ago. We report here the map-based cloning and functional characterisation of Ne2, encoding a coiled coil-nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (CC-NBS-LRR) protein.

Fine mapping of hybrid necrosis gene Ne1 in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Hybrid necrosis gene Ne1 was delimited into an approximate 4.06 Mb region on chromosome arm 5BL and an InDel marker that co-segregated with Ne1 alleles was developed. Hybrid necrosis in wheat, characterized by progressive chlorosis and necrosis of plant leaves, tillers or whole plants in certain hybrids, is caused by complementary genes Ne1 and Ne2 located on chromosome arms 5BL and 2BS, respectively.

Iron in plant-pathogen interactions.

Iron is an essential element for most organisms. As an indispensable co-factor of many enzymes, iron is involved in various crucial metabolic processes that are required for the survival of plants and pathogens. Conversely, excessive iron produces highly active reactive oxygen species, which are toxic to the cells of plants and pathogens.

Glutamate synthase 1 is involved in iron-deficiency response and long-distance transportation in Arabidopsis.

Iron is an essential microelement for plant growth. After uptake from the soil, iron is chelated by ligands and translocated from roots to shoots for subsequent utilization. However, the number of ligands involved in iron chelation is unclear.

Cysteine protease RD21A regulated by E3 ligase SINAT4 is required for drought-induced resistance to Pseudomonas syringae in Arabidopsis.

Plants can be simultaneously exposed to multiple stresses. The interplay of abiotic and biotic stresses may result in synergistic or antagonistic effects on plant development and health. Temporary drought stress can stimulate plant immunity; however, the molecular mechanism of drought-induced immunity is largely unknown.

[Progress on wheat A genome illustration and its evolutional analysis].

Wheat is one of the main food crops and widely grown in the world. It feeds more than 35% of the world's population. Obtaining high-quality genome sequences of wheat is important for its basic and breeding researches.

Arabidopsis BRUTUS-LIKE E3 ligases negatively regulate iron uptake by targeting transcription factor FIT for recycling.

Organisms need to balance sufficient uptake of iron (Fe) with possible toxicity. In plant roots, a regulon of uptake genes is transcriptionally activated under Fe deficiency, but it is unknown how this response is inactivated when Fe becomes available. Here we describe the function of 2 partially redundant E3 ubiquitin ligases, BRUTUS-LIKE1 (BTSL1) and BTSL2, in and provide evidence that they target the transcription factor FIT, a key regulator of Fe uptake, for degradation.