Microsporidian EnP1 alters host cell H2B monoubiquitination and prevents ferroptosis facilitating microsporidia survival.

Microsporidia are intracellular eukaryotic pathogens that pose a substantial threat to immunocompromised hosts. The way these pathogens manipulate host cells during infection remains poorly understood. Using a proximity biotinylation strategy we established that microsporidian EnP1 is a nucleus-targeted effector that modifies the host cell environment.

Host cell manipulation by microsporidia secreted effectors: Insights into intracellular pathogenesis.

Microsporidia are prolific producers of effector molecules, encompassing both proteins and nonproteinaceous effectors, such as toxins, small RNAs, and small peptides. These secreted effectors play a pivotal role in the pathogenicity of microsporidia, enabling them to subvert the host's innate immunity and co-opt metabolic pathways to fuel their own growth and proliferation. However, the genomes of microsporidia, despite falling within the size range of bacteria, exhibit significant reductions in both structural and physiological features, thereby affecting the repertoire of secretory effectors to varying extents.

Overcoming research challenges: In vitro cultivation of Ameson portunus (Phylum Microsporidia).

Ameson portunus is an intracellular pathogen that infects marine crabs Portunus trituberculatus and Scylla paramamosain, causing significant economic losses. However, research into this important parasite has been limited due to the absence of an in vitro culture system. To address this challenge, we developed an in vitro cultivation model of A.

Regulating the Spin State of Metal and Metal Carbide Heterojunctions for Efficient Oxygen Evolution.

Developing high-performance electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of importance for improving the overall efficiency of water splitting. Herein, the CoFe/(CoFe)MoC heterojunction is purposely designed as an OER catalyst, which displays a low overpotential of 293 mV for affording a current density of 10 mA cm and a small Tafel slope of 48 mV/dec. Various characterization results demonstrate that the significant work-function difference between CoFe and (CoFe)MoC can induce interfacial charge redistribution, which results in the formation of Co and Fe sites with a high-spin state, thus stimulating the surface phase reconstruction of CoFe/(CoFe)MoC to corresponding active oxyhydroxide.

Donor-Acceptor Couples of Metal and Metal Oxides with Enriched Ni Active Sites for Oxygen Evolution.

Exploiting precious-metal-free and high-activity oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts has been in great demands toward many energy storage and conversion processes, for example, carbon dioxide reduction, metal-air batteries, and water splitting. In this study, the simple solid-state method is employed for coupling Ni (electron donors) with lower-Fermi-level MoO or WO (electron acceptors) into donor-acceptor ensembles with well-designed interfaces as robust electrocatalysts for OER. The resulting Ni/MoO and Ni/WO electrocatalysts exhibit smaller overpotentials of 287 and 333 mV at 10 mA cm as well as smaller Tafel slopes of 51 and 65 mV/dec, respectively, with respect to the single Ni, MoO, WO, and even the benchmark RuO in 1 M KOH.

Fabrication of ultramicroporous triphenylamine-based polyaminal networks for low-pressure carbon dioxide capture.

Three triphenylamine-based polyaminal networks (TMPs) with monodispersed ultramicropore (about 0.54 nm) and abundant doped-nitrogen (up to 42.88 wt%) are successfully prepared through the direct polycondensation of triphenylamine-based aldehydes with melamine.

Aptamer and PNIPAAm co-conjugated nanoparticles regulate activity of enzyme with different temperature.

In this paper, we described a temperature responsive nano-system that can regulate activity of enzyme with different temperature. Temperature responsive polymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm), with low critical solution temperature of 32°C, was synthesized with thiol modification. PNIPAAm and thrombin aptamer were co-functionalized on the surface of gold nanoparticles for effective regulation of thrombin activity with different temperature.

Direct and efficient xylitol production from xylan by Saccharomyces cerevisiae through transcriptional level and fermentation processing optimizations.

In this study, four engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae carrying xylanase, β-xylosidase and xylose reductase genes by different transcriptional regulations were constructed to directly convert xylan to xylitol. According to the results, the high-copy number plasmid required a rigid selection for promoter characteristics, on the contrast, the selection of promoters could be more flexible for low-copy number plasmid. For cell growth and xylitol production, glucose and galactose were found more efficient than other sugars.