Developing Topics.

Background: Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (sMRI) is an invaluable tool for detecting brain morphological changes to aid in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). However, the heterogeneity of AD-related neurodegeneration poses significant challenges for conventional image analysis techniques to accurately capture discriminative brain changes from whole-brain sMRI data.

Method: We present a novel attention-guided deep learning framework to automatically identify and focus on the most discriminative brain regions for robust AD diagnosis from sMRI scans (Figure 1).

dFCExpert: Learning Dynamic Functional Connectivity Patterns with Modularity and State Experts.

Characterizing brain dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) patterns from functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data is of paramount importance in neuroscience and medicine. Recently, many graph neural network (GNN) models, combined with transformers or recurrent neural networks (RNNs), have shown great potential for modeling the dFC patterns. However, these methods face challenges in effectively characterizing the modularity organization of brain networks and capturing varying dFC state patterns.

A chromosome-level genome assembly of Serangium japonicum Chapin, 1940 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae).

Serangium japonicum (Coleoptera; Coccinellidae) plays a crucial role as a predatory coccinellid in ecosystems, exhibiting adept predation on diverse whitefly species and effectively regulating their population dynamics. Nonetheless, the absence of high-quality genomic data has hindered our comprehension of the molecular mechanisms underlying this predatory beetle. This study performed genome sequencing of S.

SegCSR: Weakly-Supervised Cortical Surfaces Reconstruction from Brain Ribbon Segmentations.

Deep learning-based cortical surface reconstruction (CSR) methods heavily rely on pseudo ground truth (pGT) generated by conventional CSR pipelines as supervision, leading to dataset-specific challenges and lengthy training data preparation. We propose a new approach for reconstructing multiple cortical surfaces using from brain MRI ribbon segmentations. Our approach initializes a midthickness surface and then deforms it inward and outward to form the inner (white matter) and outer (pial) cortical surfaces, respectively, by jointly learning diffeomorphic flows to align the surfaces with the boundaries of the cortical ribbon segmentation maps.

Total parietal peritonectomy and multivisceral resection for extensive cytoreductive surgery in pseudomyxoma peritonei: En bloc "Rolled-up carpet" technique and perioperative and oncologic outcomes.

Background: Patients diagnosed with pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) of appendiceal origin typically present with high tumor burden and require extensive cytoreductive surgery (CRS) to achieve optimal cytoreduction. This study describes an en bloc "rolled-up carpet" surgical technique for total parietal peritonectomy and multivisceral resection while also analyzing the perioperative and tumor outcomes of this technique.

Methods: The study reviewed the data of 7 patients underwent en bloc "rolled-up carpet" extensive CRS between August 2020 and April 2023.

Hierarchical individual variation and socioeconomic impact on personalized functional network topography in children.

Background: The spatial layout of large-scale functional brain networks exhibits considerable inter-individual variability, especially in the association cortex. Research has demonstrated a link between early socioeconomic status (SES) and variations in both brain structure and function, which are further associated with cognitive and mental health outcomes. However, the extent to which SES is associated with individual differences in personalized functional network topography during childhood remains largely unexplored.

Application of social media communication for museum based on the deep mediatization and artificial intelligence.

Based on deep mediatization theory and artificial intelligence (AI) technology, this study explores the effective improvement of museums' social media communication by applying Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) technology. Firstly, the social media content from four different museums is collected, a dataset containing tens of thousands of images is constructed, and a CNN-based model is designed for automatic identification and classification of image content. The model is trained and tested through a series of experiments, evaluating its performance in enhancing museums' social media communication.

Feasibility and value of modular splenic hilar lymphadenectomy technique in laparoscopic total gastrectomy: a retrospective-controlled research.

Background: This study aims to investigate the feasibility and value of modular splenic hilar lymphadenectomy (MSHL) in LTG for advanced PGC located at the greater curvature.

Study Design: A retrospective-controlled research included 54 patients diagnosed with advanced PGC located at the greater curvature who underwent LTG combined with spleen-preserving hilar lymphadenectomy between January 2020 and December 2022 at the same treatment center. A total of 20 patients underwent classic splenic hilar lymphadenectomy (CSHL) using a medial approach (classic group), while 34 patients underwent MSHL (modular group).

Exploring the relationship between pyroptosis and inflammatory bone loss: Evidence from a cigarette smoke-induced osteoporosis mouse model.

Smoking is by far one of the greatest public health threats and is recognized as an important predisposing factor for osteoporosis. Exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) has been reported to be associated with inflammation-associated diseases through the induction of pyroptosis. Nevertheless, the correlation between pyroptosis and bone loss induced by CS remains uninvestigated.

Analysis of decision-making factors for defunctioning ileostomy after rectal cancer surgery and their impact on perioperative recovery: a retrospective study of 1082 patients.

Objective: To explore the decision-making factors for defunctioning ileostomy (DI) after rectal cancer surgery and to analyze the impact of the DI on perioperative outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted that included rectal cancer patients who underwent low anterior resection from January 2013 to December 2023. Among them, 33 patients did not undergo DI but with anastomotic leakage (AL) after surgery, and 1030 patients were without AL.

Innovative pancreas-guided technique for splenic flexure mobilization in laparoscopic left hemicolectomy.

Objective: Splenic flexure mobilization (SFM) is a major challenge in laparoscopic left hemicolectomy. This study aims to assess the safety and effectiveness of the pancreas-guided SFM technique during laparoscopic left hemicolectomy.

Methods: From January 2018 to December 2023, 352 patients with left-sided colon cancer underwent laparoscopic left hemicolectomy.

Impact of three-dimensional-printing technology guidance on surgical outcomes for retroperitoneal sarcoma: A propensity score-matched study.

Background: The surgical treatment of retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS) is highly challenging because of its complex anatomy. In this study, the authors compared the surgical outcomes of patients with RPS who underwent surgical resection guided by three-dimensional (3D) printing technology versus traditional imaging.

Methods: This retrospective study included 251 patients who underwent RPS resection guided by 3D-printing technology or traditional imaging from January 2019 to December 2022.

Long-Term Outcomes of the Self-Expandable Metallic Stent as a Bridge to Surgery versus Elective Surgery without Stent Placement for Colorectal Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: The uncertainty surrounding whether delaying surgery after self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) placement for neoplastic stricture can yield similar oncologic outcomes as elective surgery remains. This study aims to investigate the impact of elective surgery following SEMS placement for obstructive colorectal cancer (OCC) on patients.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with stage I to III colorectal cancer (CRC) were recruited and randomly allocated into two groups: group A, receiving elective surgery after SEMS placement for obstructive colon cancer, and group B, undergoing elective surgery for non-obstructive colorectal cancer.

Inhibition of Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Contributes to the Protection of Ginsenoside Re Against Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy.

Background and objectives Ginsenoside Re (Re), a protopanaxatriol-type saponin extracted from ginseng, is known to have potential cardioprotective effects; however, the mechanisms of Re in improving cardiac hypertrophy have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanism of Re on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac hypertrophy and . Methods Rats were intraperitoneally injected with ISO 30 mg/kg thrice daily for 14 consecutive days to induce cardiac hypertrophy, and these rats were treated with atorvastatin (ATC, 20 mg/kg) or Re (20 mg/kg or 40 mg/kg) once daily for three days in advance until the end of the experiment.

Coupled Reconstruction of Cortical Surfaces by Diffeomorphic Mesh Deformation.

Accurate reconstruction of cortical surfaces from brain magnetic resonance images (MRIs) remains a challenging task due to the notorious partial volume effect in brain MRIs and the cerebral cortex's thin and highly folded patterns. Although many promising deep learning-based cortical surface reconstruction methods have been developed, they typically fail to model the interdependence between inner (white matter) and outer (pial) cortical surfaces, which can help generate cortical surfaces with spherical topology. To robustly reconstruct the cortical surfaces with topological correctness, we develop a new deep learning framework to jointly reconstruct the inner, outer, and their in-between (midthickness) surfaces and estimate cortical thickness directly from 3D MRIs.

Survival analysis in pT1-3 and paracolic lymph-node invasion colorectal cancer: the prognostic role of positive paracolic lymph-node ratio for adjuvant chemotherapy.

Purpose: Several studies have observed that some stage III colorectal cancer (CRC) patients cannot benefit from standard adjuvant chemotherapy. However, there is no unified screening standard to date.

Methods: Consecutive patients with pathologically confirmed colon adenocarcinoma treated in 3 centers between January 2016 and December 2018 were included.

Net: A toolbox for personalized functional networks modeling.

Personalized functional networks (FNs) derived from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data are useful for characterizing individual variations in the brain functional topography associated with the brain development, aging, and disorders. To facilitate applications of the personalized FNs with enhanced reliability and reproducibility, we develop an open-source toolbox that is user-friendly, extendable, and includes rigorous quality control (QC), featuring multiple user interfaces (graphics, command line, and a step-by-step guideline) and job-scheduling for high performance computing (HPC) clusters. Particularly, the toolbox, named personalized functional network modeling (pNet), takes fMRI inputs in either volumetric or surface type, ensuring compatibility with multiple fMRI data formats, and computes personalized FNs using two distinct modeling methods: one method optimizes the functional coherence of FNs, while the other enhances their independence.

Efficacy and safety of GST-HG171 in adult patients with mild to moderate COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2/3 trial.

Background: GST-HG171 is a potent, broad-spectrum, orally bioavailable small-molecule 3C like protease inhibitor that has demonstrated greater potency and efficacy compared to Nirmatrelvir in pre-clinical studies. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of orally administered GST-HG171 plus Ritonavir in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infected with emerging XBB and non-XBB variants.

Methods: This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2/3 trial was conducted in 47 sites in China among adult patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 with symptoms onset ≤72 h.