Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting occurrence of severe case in children hospitalized with influenza A (H1N1) infection during the post-COVID-19 era.

Background: The significant rebound of influenza A (H1N1) virus activity, particularly among children, with rapidly growing number of hospitalized cases is of major concern in the post-COVID-19 era. The present study was performed to establish a prediction model of severe case in pediatric patients hospitalized with H1N1 infection during the post-COVID-19 era.

Methods: This is a multicenter retrospective study across nine public tertiary hospitals in Yunnan, China, recruiting pediatric H1N1 inpatients hospitalized at five of these centers between February 1 and July 1, 2023, into the development dataset.

A novel combined nomogram for predicting severe acute lower respiratory tract infection in children hospitalized for RSV infection during the post-COVID-19 period.

Introduction: Off-season upsurge of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection with changed characteristics and heightened clinical severity during the post-COVID-19 era are raising serious concerns. This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram for predicting the risk of severe acute lower respiratory tract infection (SALRTI) in children hospitalized for RSV infection during the post-COVID-19 era using machine learning techniques.

Methods: A multicenter retrospective study was performed in nine tertiary hospitals in Yunnan, China, enrolling children hospitalized for RSV infection at seven of the nine participating hospitals during January-December 2023 into the development dataset.

Successful Conservative Treatment of Necrotizing Pneumonia in Pediatric Patients: Two Case Reports.

Objective: Necrotizing pneumonia is a rare and serious complication in pediatric patients, and its treatment often involves the complexity of choosing between surgical intervention and medical management. The disease is difficult to treat because of its devastating characteristics and high mortality rate, especially when considering the risks associated with surgery. The purpose of this report is to present two cases of necrotizing pneumonia in pediatric patients and demonstrate successful conservative management to provide additional insights for clinical decision-making.

Evaluation of disease severity and prediction of severe cases in children hospitalized with influenza A (H1N1) infection during the post-COVID-19 era: a multicenter retrospective study.

Background: The rebound of influenza A (H1N1) infection in post-COVID-19 era recently attracted enormous attention due the rapidly increased number of pediatric hospitalizations and the changed characteristics compared to classical H1N1 infection in pre-COVID-19 era. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and severity of children hospitalized with H1N1 infection during post-COVID-19 period, and to construct a novel prediction model for severe H1N1 infection.

Methods: A total of 757 pediatric H1N1 inpatients from nine tertiary public hospitals in Yunnan and Shanghai, China, were retrospectively included, of which 431 patients diagnosed between February 2023 and July 2023 were divided into post-COVID-19 group, while the remaining 326 patients diagnosed between November 2018 and April 2019 were divided into pre-COVID-19 group.

Development and validation of a risk prediction model for early diabetic peripheral neuropathy based on a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Early identification and intervention of diabetic peripheral neuropathy is beneficial to improve clinical outcome.

Objective: To establish a risk prediction model for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: The derivation cohort was from a meta-analysis.

Development and validation of a risk prediction model for the recurrence of foot ulcer in type 2 diabetes in China: A longitudinal cohort study based on a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aims: To develop and validate a risk prediction model for Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes with the recurrence of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) based on a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods: A prospective analysis was performed with 1333 participants and followed up for 60 months. Three models were analysed using a derived cohort.

A novel heterozygous variant of the KCNQ2 gene: Contribution to early‑onset epileptic encephalopathy in a female infant.

Early‑onset epileptic encephalopathy (EOEE) represents one of the most severe epilepsies, characterized by recurrent seizures during early infancy, electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities and varying degrees of neurodevelopmental delay. The KCNQ2 gene has been reported to have a major role in EOEE. In the present study, a 3‑month‑old female infant from the Chinese Lisu minority with EOEE was analyzed.

Glycemic Variability Is Independently Associated With Poor Prognosis in Five Pediatric ICU Centers in Southwest China.

Background: Glucose variability (GV) is a common complication of dysglycemia in critically ill patients. However, there are few studies on the role of GV in the prognosis of pediatric patients, and there is no consensus on the appropriate method for GV measurement. The objective of this study was to determine the "optimal" index of GV in non-diabetic critically ill children in a prospective multicenter cohort observational study.

[Pulmonary ventilation function parameters of children aged 5-14 years in Kunming, China: a comparative analysis of measured values versus predicted values based on Zapletal equation].

Objective: To study the percentage of the measured values of the main pulmonary ventilation function parameters in their predicted values based on Zapletal equation among healthy children aged 5-14 years in Kunming, China, and to provide a basis for accurate judgment of pulmonary ventilation function in clinical practice.

Methods: A total of 702 healthy children aged 5-14 years (352 boys and 350 girls) from Kunming were enrolled. The Jaeger spirometer was used to measure the nine indices:forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC), maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF), forced expiratory flow at 25% of forced vital capacity (FEF25), forced expiratory flow at 50% of forced vital capacity (FEF50), forced expiratory flow at 75% of forced vital capacity (FEF75), peak expiratory flow (PEF), and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV).

CGRP 8-37 enhances lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury and regulating aquaporin 1 and 5 expressions in rats.

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has been shown to play important roles in biological functions. However, there is very little evidence on the value of CGRP in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of CGRP in LPS-induced ALI in rats.

Calcitonin gene-related peptide protects type II alveolar epithelial cells from hyperoxia-induced DNA damage and cell death.

Hyperoxia therapy for acute lung injury (ALI) may unexpectedly lead to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cause additional ALI. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a 37 amino acid neuropeptide that regulates inflammasome activation. However, the role of CGRP in DNA damage during hyperoxia is unclear.

[The proliferation-promoting effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide on type II alveolar epithelial cell exposed to hyperoxia mediated by protein kinase C alpha pathway].

Objective: To explore the effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on type II alveolar epithelial cell (AECII) exposed to hyperoxia, and to determine whether the mechanism is mediated by protein kinase C alpha/nuclear factor-KappaB (PKC alpha/NF-KappaB) signal pathway.

Methods: AECII were isolated from the lung of 21 days fetal rat and cultured for 15 hours to coalesce. Then AECII were randomly assigned into four groups: air, hyperoxia, O(2)/CGRP, and O(2)/CGRP8-37 (a receptor antagonist against CGRP).

Neuropeptide substance P attenuates hyperoxia-induced oxidative stress injury in type II alveolar epithelial cells via suppressing the activation of JNK pathway.

Hyperoxia-induced oxidative stress plays a key role in many pulmonary diseases. In an earlier study we found the protective effect of the neuropeptide substance P (SP) on type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECIIs) after hyperoxia exposure. Then, we investigated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (C-JNK) signal transduction pathways in AECIIs before and after hyperoxia exposure.