Recent advances in acoustic microfluidics and its exemplary applications.

Acoustic-based microfluidics has been widely used in recent years for fundamental research due to its simple device design, biocompatibility, and contactless operation. In this article, the basic theory, typical devices, and technical applications of acoustic microfluidics technology are summarized. First, the theory of acoustic microfluidics is introduced from the classification of acoustic waves, acoustic radiation force, and streaming flow.

Salidroside promoted osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stromal cells through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Background: Bone disease causes short-term or long-term physical pain and disability. It is necessary to explore new drug for bone-related disease. This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of Salidroside in promoting osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs).

Recent Advances in Three-Dimensional Multicellular Spheroid Culture and Future Development.

Three-dimensional multicellular spheroids (MCSs) have received extensive attention in the field of biomedicine due to their ability to simulate the structure and function of tissues in vivo more accurately than traditional in vitro two-dimensional models and to simulate cell-cell and cell extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions. It has become an important in vitro three-dimensional model for tumor research, high-throughput drug screening, tissue engineering, and basic biology research. In the review, we first summarize methods for MCSs generation and their respective advantages and disadvantages and highlight the advances of hydrogel and microfluidic systems in the generation of spheroids.

[Progress in HIV-1 Env trimer design].

Currently, HIV-1 vaccine development has still been a hot pot in the AIDS research. HIV-1 glycoprotein Env is the sole target in the virion surface that mediates the membrane fusion between the virion and cell in the HIV-1 infection process. Env protein is the significant immunogen for HIV-1 vaccine development.

Characterization of native-like HIV-1 gp140 glycoprotein expressed in insect cells.

The trimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) is critical for vaccine development aimed at achieving broadly-neutralizing antibody responses. The use of various recombinant expression systems and construct designs are associated with the resultant nature of produced proteins, especially in terms of glycosylation, antigenicity, and immunogenicity of the glycoprotein. Here, we explored an otherwise baculovirus cassette than classical one designed to express HIV-1 Env protein, including SOSIP mutation and Foldon moiety involvement.

[Expression and self-assembly of HIV-1 CAP2NC protein].

We constructed the CAP2NC prokaryotic expression vector of HIV-1 NL4-3 strain and obtained relatively pure CAP2NC protein by optimizing its purification conditions to explore its in vitro self-assembly conditions. Primers were designed according to the CAP2NC DNA sequence of HIV-1 NL4-3 strain. The target gene was amplified by PCR and cloned into prokaryotic expression vector pTO-T7.

Characterization and epitope mapping of a panel of monoclonal antibodies against HIV-1 matrix protein.

The HIV-1 Gag precursor protein (p55) is the main structural protein comprising the matrix (MA/p17), capsid (CA/p24), and nucleocapsid (NC/p7) proteins, and is uniquely responsible for virion assembly within the virus life cycle. The MA protein plays a critical role in plasma membrane targeting and envelope glycoprotein (Env) uptake during virion assembly. Yet, when viral infection occurs, the MA protein may also be involved in virion uncoating, dissociating from the plasma membrane, and participating in the nuclear importation process.

Expression, Purification and Characterization of Hiv-1 Capsid Precursor Protein p41.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has been a global epidemic since 1983; yet, the virology and immunology related to HIV-1 remain elusive. Furthermore, as there is still no effective chemoprophylaxis or vaccine to treat patients with HIV-1, most research focuses on strategies to prevent HIV-1 infection, such as with antiviral drugs, novel therapeutics, or improved diagnostic kits. The HIV-1 Gag precursor protein (p55)-comprising the matrix (MA/p17), capsid (CA/p24), and nucleocapsid (NC/p7) protein domains-is the main structural HIV-1 protein, and is uniquely responsible for virion assembly within the virus life cycle.

[Bipolar femoral head replacement combined with tension band wire fixation for intertrochanteric fracture in elderly osteoporotic patients].

Objective: To explore the effectiveness of bipolar femoral head replacement combined with tension band wire fixation for intertrochanteric fracture in elderly osteoporotic patients.

Methods: Bipolar femoral head replacement combined with tension band wire fixation were used for intertrochanteric fracture in 48 elderly osteoporotic patients between January 2004 and December 2010. Of 48 patients, 15 were male and 33 were female, aged 90-99 years (mean, 94.

AKR1B10 induces cell resistance to daunorubicin and idarubicin by reducing C13 ketonic group.

Daunorubicin, idarubicin, doxorubicin and epirubicin are anthracyclines widely used for the treatment of lymphoma, leukemia, and breast, lung, and liver cancers, but tumor resistance limits their clinical success. Aldo-keto reductase family 1 B10 (AKR1B10) is an NADPH-dependent enzyme overexpressed in liver and lung carcinomas. This study was aimed to determine the role of AKR1B10 in tumor resistance to anthracyclines.