Unraveling the extensive phylogenetic discordance and evolutionary history of spurless taxa within the Aquilegia ecalcarata complex.

Parallel evolution of the same, or at least very similar, phenotype(s) in different lineages is often interpreted as evidence for the action of natural selection. However, caution is required when inferring parallel evolution based on uncertain or potentially incorrect phylogenetic frameworks. Here, by conducting extensive phylogenomic and population genetic analyses, we aim to clarify the evolutionary history of spurless taxa within the Aquilegia ecalcarata complex.

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of and comparative analysis with related species.

In this study, we sequenced the complete chloroplast genome of The circular genome is 160,746 bp in size, featuring a typical quadripartite structure comprising one large single-copy region (LSC, 90,136 bp), one small single-copy region (SSC, 18,942 bp), and two copies of inverted repeat regions (IRs, 25,834 bp). The genome contains 131 genes, including 86 protein-coding genes, 37 transfer RNA genes, and 8 ribosomal RNA genes. The overall GC content is 36.

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of (Fagaceae).

F.P.Metcalf, a rare oak with endemic to southern China, belongs to the compound trichome base (CTB) lineage in the section.