Hydrochemical insights into spatiotemporal characteristics of groundwater salinization and health risk assessment of fluoride in the south bank of Yellow River irrigation area, Northwest China.

The groundwater salinization problem in the south bank of the Yellow River irrigation area is severe, restricting the sustainability of groundwater resources. However, the groundwater salinization formation mechanism is unclear. Accordingly, this study analyzed the chemical characteristics and salinization mechanism of groundwater based on hydrochemical analyses (self-organizing maps, SOM), isotope analyses (δO and δD), and quantitative models (Rayleigh distillation model), as well as evaluating the potential health risks of fluoride.

Targeting enteric glial CRF-R1/Cx43 attenuates stress-induced accelerated colonic motility.

Stress triggers disorders in accelerated peristalsis, with corticotropin releasing factor receptor 1 (CRF-R1) playing a pivotal role. Enteric glia cells (EGCs) and glial Cx43 are known to influence gastrointestinal motility, yet their involvement in colonic motor responses to stress remains unclear. Using immunofluorescence and single-cell RNA sequencing data, we identified CRF-R1 expression in EGCs.

Aligned membranes regulate wound healing via MMP12 secreted by macrophages.

Aligned electrospinning membranes (Align) have demonstrated the potential to enhance wound healing by establishing a regenerative microenvironment surrounding the wound; However, the precise mechanism underlying its facilitation of healing remains unclear. To elucidate aligned electrospun fiber membrane's role in accelerating wound healing and improving its quality, we conducted a comprehensive analysis. Firstly, in vivo experiments confirmed that Align promotes wound healing.

PO Tetrahedron Assisted Chelate Engineering for 10.67%-Efficient Antimony Selenosulfide Solar Cells.

Anisotropic carrier transport and deep-level defect of antimony selenosulfide (Sb(S,Se)) absorber are two vital auses restraining the photovoltaic performance of this emerging thin-film solar cell. Herein, chelate engineering is proposed to prepare high-quality Sb(S,Se) film based on hydrothermal deposition approach, which realizes desirable carrier transport and passivated defects by using tetrahedral PO ion in dibasic sodium phosphate (NaHPO, DSP). The PO Lewis structure, on one hand in the form of [(SbO)(PO)] chelate, can adsorb on the polar planes of cadmium sulfide (CdS) layer, promoting the heterogeneous nucleation, and on the other hand, the tetrahedral PO inhibits horizontal growth of (SbS(e)) ribbons due to size effects, thus achieving desirable [hk1] orientation.

Siglec15 in blood system diseases: from bench to bedside.

Inhibiting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway using immunomodulators has demonstrated promising outcomes in clinics. Immunomodulators can effectively target immune checkpoints with a strong preference for the tumor microenvironment (TME). Besides, immunomodulators specifically target the recently discovered inhibitory immune checkpoint, sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec-15).

Energy Band Alignment and Defect Synergistic Regulation Enable Air-Solution-Processed Kesterite Solar Cells With the Lowest V Deficit.

The major challenge in preparing high-performance CuZnSn(S,Se) solar cells is the large open circuit voltage deficit (V-def). A new strategy utilizing the synergistic substitution of Ag and In dual cations has been proposed to simultaneously address the problems of undesirable interface band alignment and high-density detrimental bulk defects, obtaining decreased carrier recombination rate and increased minority carrier lifetime. The shorter In-S/Se bonds move the CBM higher by generating stronger repulsive force than the Sn-S/Se bonds, thus adjusting the interface band alignment.

Rapid Thermal-Driven Crystal Growth and Defect Suppression in Antimony Selenide Thin Film for Efficient Solar Cells.

Antimony selenide (SbSe) has demonstrated considerable potential and advancement as a light-absorbing material for thin-film solar cells owing to its exceptional optoelectronic characteristics. However, challenges persist in the crystal growth, particularly regarding the nucleation mechanism during pre-selenization process for SbSe. The defects originating from this process significantly impact the quality of the absorber layer, leading to the degradation in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the device.

The discriminatory capability of anthropometric measures in predicting reproductive outcomes in Chinese women with PCOS.

Objective: Obesity is a common feature in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and potentially significantly influences reproductive function. However, opinions are divided as to which factor is a more appropriate obesity predictor of reproductive outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the discriminatory capability of anthropometric measures in predicting reproductive outcomes in Chinese women with PCOS.

Pathformer: a biological pathway informed transformer for disease diagnosis and prognosis using multi-omics data.

Motivation: Multi-omics data provide a comprehensive view of gene regulation at multiple levels, which is helpful in achieving accurate diagnosis of complex diseases like cancer. However, conventional integration methods rarely utilize prior biological knowledge and lack interpretability.

Results: To integrate various multi-omics data of tissue and liquid biopsies for disease diagnosis and prognosis, we developed a biological pathway informed Transformer, Pathformer.

Improved antioxidant activity of pretreated lignin nanoparticles: Evaluation and self-assembly.

Lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) have gained significant attention for their potential as natural antioxidants. This study investigated the effect of various pretreatment methods on the lignin structure and subsequent antioxidant activity of LNPs. Among four pretreated LNPs, hydrothermal LNPs exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, surpassing unpretreated, acid-pretreated and kraft LNPs, with an impressive efficacy of 91.

Augmented Mitochondrial Transfer Involved in Astrocytic PSPH Attenuates Cognitive Dysfunction in db/db Mice.

Diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction (DACD) has ascended to become the second leading cause of mortality among diabetic patients. Phosphoserine phosphatase (PSPH), a pivotal rate-limiting enzyme in L-serine biosynthesis, has been documented to instigate the insulin signaling pathway through dephosphorylation. Concomitantly, CD38, acting as a mediator in mitochondrial transfer, is activated by the insulin pathway.

Flexible power generators by AgSe thin films with record-high thermoelectric performance.

Exploring new near-room-temperature thermoelectric materials is significant for replacing current high-cost BiTe. This study highlights the potential of AgSe for wearable thermoelectric electronics, addressing the trade-off between performance and flexibility. A record-high ZT of 1.

Microglial Nrf2/HO-1 signaling gates remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia via suppressing TRPV4-mediated M1 polarization.

Remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia (RIH) represents a significant clinical challenge due to the widespread use of opioids in pain management. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying RIH remain elusive. This study aimed to unravel the role of spinal cord microglia, focusing on the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and TRPV4 channels in the development of RIH.

Electroacupuncture stimulation to modulate neural oscillations in promoting neurological rehabilitation.

Electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation is a modern neuromodulation technique that integrates traditional Chinese acupuncture therapy with contemporary electrical stimulation. It involves the application of electrical currents to specific acupoints on the body following acupuncture. EA has been widely used in the treatment of various neurological disorders, including epilepsy, stroke, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease.

Designed anion and cation co-doped NaSb(WM)S (M = Cl, Br, I) sulfide electrolytes with an improved conductivity and stable interfacial qualities.

The fabrication of all electrolytes from noncombustible ceramic materials offers a superior option for providing safer and higher-capacity batteries to fulfill future energy needs. To achieve a competitive performance with combustible liquid electrolytes used in commercial Li-ion batteries, the creation of ceramic material compositions with a high electrical conductivity is necessary. Here, we report that co-doping with W and halogens results in a superconductivity of 13.

Management of Suspected Life-Threatening Perioperative Anaphylaxis and Risk Factors for Near-Fatal and Fatal Outcomes: A Retrospective Study in China.

Purpose: Perioperative anaphylaxis (POA) is an acute severe systemic hypersensitivity reaction characterized by life-threatening respiratory and circulatory collapse. In our previous study, we reported the epidemiology of suspected POA in China. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the management and outcomes of these cases and further verify the risk factors for near-fatal and fatal outcomes.

Protective effects of electroacupuncture on polycystic ovary syndrome in rats: Down-regulating Alas2 to inhibit apoptosis, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction in ovarian granulosa cells.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous endocrine disorder affecting women at reproductive age. The therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on PCOS has been revealed, while the anti-PCOS mechanisms of EA have not been fully explored. In this study, PCOS were induced in rats by daily injection with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) for 20 days and EA treatment was performed for 5 weeks.

Molecular Simulation for Guiding the Design and Optimization of Mixed Matrix Membranes (MMMs) in the Pervaporation Process.

Molecular simulation has been used extensively in the study of pervaporation membranes as a new economical and environmentally friendly research method. In this paper, A-SiO/PDMS-PTFE mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) were prepared by molecular-simulation-guided experiments to achieve the separation of dimethyl carbonate/methanol (DMC/MeOH)) azeotropes. The interaction energy, X-ray diffraction pattern mean square displacement, and density field between PDMS and inorganic particles were analyzed by molecular dynamics simulations.

Energy Band Alignment by Solution-Processed Aluminum Doping Strategy toward Record Efficiency in Pulsed Laser-Deposited Kesterite Thin-Film Solar Cell.

Kesterite-based CuZnSnS (CZTS) thin-film photovoltaics involve a serious interfacial dilemma, leading to severe recombination of carriers and insufficient band alignment at the CZTS/CdS heterojunction. Herein, an interface modification scheme by aluminum doping is introduced for CZTS/CdS via a spin coating method combined with heat treatment. The thermal annealing of the kesterite/CdS junction drives the migration of doped Al from CdS to the absorber, achieving an effective ion substitution and interface passivation.

Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance of CoSb Thin Films by Ag and Ti Co-Doping.

The Skutterudites CoSb material has been the focus of research for the conversion applications of waste heat to electricity due to its ability to accommodate a large variety of ions in the cages that have been proven effective in improving the thermoelectric performance. Although the co-doped CoSb bulk materials have attracted increasing attention and have been widely studied, co-doped CoSb thin films have been rarely reported. In this work, Ag and Ti were co-doped into CoSb thin films via a facile in situ growth method, and the influence of doping content in the thermoelectric properties was investigated.