Complete genome sequence of seed-transmitted soybean yellow mottle mosaic virus from soybeans in Korea.

Soybean yellow mottle mosaic virus (SYMMV), a member of the genus , remains poorly understood in terms of its transmission pathway. This study reveals the complete genome sequence of a seed-transmitted isolate, ST-HB56, contributing to the understanding of SYMMV's ecological dynamics.

Complete genome sequence of soybean geminivirus A in soybean in Korea.

Soybean geminivirus A (SGVA), a member of the family Geminiviridae, was detected in a survey of early-stage soybean. The complete genome sequence of SGVA isolate Habin was determined, revealing its characteristics and similarity to Korean and Chinese isolates. This study contributes to understanding the impact of SGVA on soybean production.

First Report of Olive Mild Mosaic Virus in Imported Tulips () in Korea.

Tulip cultivation in Korea primarily uses imported bulbs due to the absence of domestic production. To ensure safety and sustainability, Korean authorities have implemented strict phytosanitary measures for five viruses: arabis mosaic virus, tobacco necrosis virus, tobacco ringspot virus, tomato black ring virus, and tomato bushy stunt virus. In April 2021, 86 tulip plants presented symptoms such as chlorotic mottle, mosaic, streak, stripe, yellowing of the leaves, and color breaking on flowers.

Complete Genome Sequences of Two Apple Stem Grooving Viruses in Cnidium officinale in Korea.

We determined the whole-genome sequences of two apple stem grooving viruses (ASGV) detected in infected plants. The analyzed ASGV genomes were 6,494 nucleotides long and encoded two overlapping open reading frames. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the two ASGV isolates to be most closely related to the ASGV isolate Xinjiang-3.

First report of Tulip Virus X infecting tulip () in Korea.

(tulip virus X, TVX) is a member of the genus (family ) and is a positive single-stranded RNA virus. TVX was described first in Scotland (Mowat 1982), followed by several countries (Yamaji et al. 2001; Tzanetakis et al.

The Detection of Plant Viruses in Korean Ginseng () through RNA Sequencing.

Korean ginseng () is a dicotyledonous, medicinal, perennial plant belonging to the genus of the family Araliaceae. We investigated the occurrence and incidence of plant viruses in in Korea. A total of 656 leaf samples were combined into one and total RNA was extracted from the polled sample, using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), a metatranscriptome analysis of the plant virome was conducted.

Aryl-hydrocarbon receptor binding and the incidence of type 2 diabetes: the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).

Background: Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) may cause diabetes, in part through aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) binding. Ensuing mitochondrial dysfunction is postulated to mediate this effect. We aim to investigate the association of POPs with incident diabetes indirectly by bio-assaying AhR ligand bioactivity and intracellular ATP level induced by participant serum samples.

An integrated genomic and transcriptomic survey of mucormycosis-causing fungi.

Mucormycosis is a life-threatening infection caused by Mucorales fungi. Here we sequence 30 fungal genomes, and perform transcriptomics with three representative Rhizopus and Mucor strains and with human airway epithelial cells during fungal invasion, to reveal key host and fungal determinants contributing to pathogenesis. Analysis of the host transcriptional response to Mucorales reveals platelet-derived growth factor receptor B (PDGFRB) signaling as part of a core response to divergent pathogenic fungi; inhibition of PDGFRB reduces Mucorales-induced damage to host cells.

The genome sequence of four isolates from the family Lichtheimiaceae.

This study reports the release of draft genome sequences of two isolates of Lichtheimia corymbifera and two isolates of L. ramosa. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that the two L.

Isavuconazole therapy protects immunosuppressed mice from mucormycosis.

We studied the in vitro and in vivo efficacies of the investigational drug isavuconazole against mucormycosis due to Rhizopus delemar. Isavuconazole was effective, with MIC and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) values ranging between 0.125 and 1.

NDV-3 protects mice from vulvovaginal candidiasis through T- and B-cell immune response.

We have previously reported that vaccination with rAls3p-N protein of Candida albicans, formulated with alum adjuvant (also designated as NDV-3) protects immunocompetent mice from, lethal disseminated candidiasis and mucosal oropharyngeal candidiasis. NDV-3 vaccine was recently, tested in a Phase 1 clinical trial and found to be safe, well-tolerated, and induced robust humoral and, cellular immune responses with increased interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-17 secretion. In preparation for a Phase 2 clinical trial against vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), we evaluated NDV-3, efficacy in a murine VVC model.

Efficacy of liposomal amphotericin B and posaconazole in intratracheal models of murine mucormycosis.

Mucormycosis is a life-threatening fungal infection almost uniformly affecting diabetics in ketoacidosis or other forms of acidosis and/or immunocompromised patients. Inhalation of Mucorales spores provides the most common natural route of entry into the host. In this study, we developed an intratracheal instillation model of pulmonary mucormycosis that hematogenously disseminates into other organs using diabetic ketoacidotic (DKA) or cyclophosphamide-cortisone acetate-treated mice.

Diabetic murine models for Acinetobacter baumannii infection.

Objectives: Extremely drug-resistant (XDR; i.e. resistant to all antibiotics except colistin or tigecycline) Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as one of the most common and highly antibiotic-resistant causes of infection.

Outcomes of Sleeve Lobectomy versus Pneumonectomy for Lung Cancer.

Background: Sleeve lobectomy for lung cancer in close proximity to or involving the carina is widely accepted. Operative morbidity and mortality rates, recurrence, and survival rates have varied considerably across studies.

Materials And Methods: From March of 2005 to July of 2010, sleeve lobectomy was performed in 19 patients and pneumonectomy was performed in 20 patients.

Complete Repair of Coarctation of the Aorta and a Ventricular Septal Defect in a 1,480 g Low Birth Weight Neonate.

Although outcomes of neonatal cardiac surgery have dramatically improved in the last two decades, low body weight still constitutes an important risk factor for morbidity and mortality. In particular, cardiac surgery in neonates with very low birth weight (≤1.5 kg) is carried out with greater risk because most organ systems are immature.

Intramural hematoma of gastric tube after Ivor Lewis operation.

Intramural hematoma of transposed gastric tube after Ivor Lewis operation is an uncommon finding, which is difficult to diagnose and differentiate from perforation at presentation. We report a case of massive intramural hematoma in a transposed gastric tube after an Ivor Lewis operation that was successfully managed with conservative therapy.

Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by a novel compound, mercaptopyrazine, through suppression of nuclear factor-kappaB binding to DNA.

Macrophage cells in response to cytokines and endotoxins produced a large amount of nitric oxide (NO) by expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), resulting in acute or chronic inflammatory disorders including septic hypotension and atherosclerosis. In the present study, we investigated the effect and the mechanism of mercaptopyrazine (MP) in the induction of iNOS and NO production as a culminating factor for several inflammatory disorders. Pretreatment of MP alleviated the mortality of endotoxemic mice receiving a lethal bolus of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which was associated with the reduced levels of serum nitrite/nitrate and IL-1beta.

Anti-obesity effects of alpha-lipoic acid mediated by suppression of hypothalamic AMP-activated protein kinase.

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) functions as a fuel sensor in the cell and is activated when cellular energy is depleted. Here we report that alpha-lipoic acid (alpha-LA), a cofactor of mitochondrial enzymes, decreases hypothalamic AMPK activity and causes profound weight loss in rodents by reducing food intake and enhancing energy expenditure. Activation of hypothalamic AMPK reverses the effects of alpha-LA on food intake and energy expenditure.

Changes in ghrelin and ghrelin receptor expression according to feeding status.

Ghrelin, a newly identified gut hormone, has been implicated in the regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis. This study was undertaken to investigate changes in expression levels of stomach ghrelin as well as of ghrelin receptor in the hypothalamus and pituitary glands according to feeding state. Stomach ghrelin mRNA levels were increased by 48 h fasting but decreased by re-feeding.