Hypercapnia promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation in microglia by activating P2X7R after lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Background: Sepsis is an uncontrolled inflammatory response to infection and is closely associated with the occurrence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Low tidal volume lung ventilation and permissive hypercapnia is a recognized therapy for ARDS. However, whether permissive hypercapnia aggravates sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) remains unclear.

Shenfu Injection Mediated NLRP3/Caspase 1 Through (R)-Norcoclaurinee Alleviates Sepsis-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction.

Background: Shenfu injection (SF) has demonstrated its potential to enhance cellular immunity and induce clinical regression in patients suffering from sepsis or infectious shock. However, the therapeutic effect of SF on sepsis-induced cognitive dysfunction (SAE) and the mechanisms involved are still unclear. We aimed to investigate the mechanism of SF in mice with SAE.

Evaluation of CD4 T Lymphocyte Counts to Predict Survival of ICU Patients with Sepsis Using Sepsis-3 Criteria: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Sepsis remains a major health condition with a high mortality rate that may be related to immunosuppression. T lymphocyte subsets may reflect the immune function of sepsis patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictive value of CD4 T lymphocyte counts of ICU patients for their short-term prognosis.

Hyperglycemia induces microglial pyroptosis by increasing oxygen extraction rate: Implication in neurological impairment during ischemic stroke.

Elevated levels of blood glucose in patients with ischemic stroke are associated with a worse prognosis. The present study aimed to explore whether hyperglycemia promotes microglial pyroptosis by increasing the oxygen extraction rate in an acute ischemic stroke model. C57BL/6 mice that underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion were used for assessment of blood glucose level and neurological function.

The expression of CD86 in CD3CD56 NKT cells is associated with the occurrence and prognosis of sepsis-associated encephalopathy in sepsis patients: a prospective observational cohort study.

The role of CD3CD56 natural killer T (NKT) cells and its co-signaling molecules in patients with sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is unknown. In this prospective observational cohort study, we initially recruited 260 septic patients and eventually analyzed 90 patients, of whom 57 were in the SAE group and 37 were in the non-SAE group. Compared to the non-SAE group, 28-day mortality was significantly increased in the SAE group (33.

Bacterial DNA metabolism analysis by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) after treatment of bloodstream infection.

Background: With the advent of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), the time of DNA metabolism can be explored after bacteria be killed. In this study, we applied mNGS in investigation of the clearance profile of circulating bacteria DNA.

Methods: All of the rabbits were injected with the inactivated Escherichia coli.

[Predictive value of sepsis-induced coagulopathy score on 30-day mortality in septic patients].

Objective: To evaluate the predictive effect of sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC) score level on the prognosis of septic patients under sepsis 3.0 criteria.

Methods: A retrospective single-center observational study was conducted on the septic patients admitted to the department of critical care medicine and the department of emergency in Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital from August 2016 to July 2021.

Human albumin aggravates cerebral edema by disrupting the blood‑brain barrier in a rat model of ischemic stroke.

Cerebral edema and elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) are common complications observed following ischemic stroke. Osmotherapy has been used as a foundation to manage ICP induced by cerebral edema, and albumin is one of the most commonly used osmotic agents. The present study aimed to explore whether albumin lowered ICP by reducing cerebral edema when albumin elevated the colloid osmotic pressure (COP) of plasma.

ELEVATED PD-1/CD28 RATIO RATHER THAN PD-1 EXPRESSION IN CD8+ T CELLS PREDICTS NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION IN SEPSIS PATIENTS: A PROSPECTIVE, OBSERVATIONAL COHORT STUDY.

The expression of programmed cell death 1 receptor (PD-1) and CD28 on CD8+ T cells is considered to be related to immune function and prognosis markers in patients with sepsis. However, the relationship between the ratio of PD-1/CD28 and nosocomial infection has not been elucidated. Methods: A prospective, observational cohort study was conducted in a general intensive care unit.

Bradykinin/bradykinin 1 receptor promotes brain microvascular endothelial cell permeability and proinflammatory cytokine release by downregulating Wnt3a.

Stroke is a life-threatening disease with limited therapeutic options. Damage to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the key pathological feature of ischemic stroke. This study explored the role of the bradykinin (BK)/bradykinin 1 receptor (B1R) and its mechanism of action in the BBB.

Arterial catheterization and in-hospital mortality in sepsis: a propensity score-matched study.

Background: Despite the extensive use of arterial catheterization (AC), clinical effectiveness of AC to alter the outcomes among patients with sepsis and septic shock has not been evaluated. The purpose of this study is to examine the association between the use of AC and in-hospital mortality in septic patients.

Methods: Adult patients with sepsis from Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care database were screened to conduct this retrospective observational study.

Fisetin ameliorates cognitive impairment by activating mitophagy and suppressing neuroinflammation in rats with sepsis-associated encephalopathy.

Background: Fisetin, the effective ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicine named Cotinus coggygria, is recommended to be active therapeutic in many disorders. However, its role in sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) remains unclarified.

Methods: Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) operation was performed to establish a rat model of SAE.

Systemic immune-inflammation index predicted the clinical outcome in patients with type-B aortic dissection undergoing thoracic endovascular repair.

Background: The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) has been reported to have prognostic ability in various cardiovascular diseases; however, it has not been studied in type-B aortic dissection (TBAD). We aimed to explore the relation of SII with short-term and long-term outcomes in TBAD patients undergoing thoracic endovascular repair (TEVAR).

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database from 2010 to 2017.

Comparison of clinical characteristics in patients with coronavirus disease and influenza A in Guangzhou, China.

Background: This study aims to compare the epidemiological, clinical and laboratory characteristics between patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and influenza A (H1N1), and to develop a differentiating model and a simple scoring system.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data from patients with COVID-19 and H1N1. The logistic regression model based on clinical and laboratory characteristics was constructed to distinguish COVID-19 from H1N1.

Optimal Targets of the First 24-h Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide in Patients with Cerebral Injury: Data from the MIMIC-III and IV Database.

Background: It is generally believed that hypercapnia and hypocapnia will cause secondary injury to patients with craniocerebral diseases, but a small number of studies have shown that they may have potential benefits. We assessed the impact of partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO) on in-hospital mortality of patients with craniocerebral diseases. The hypothesis of this research was that there is a nonlinear correlation between PaCO and in-hospital mortality in patients with craniocerebral diseases and that mortality rate is the lowest when PaCO is in a normal range.

Risk stratification of ulcer-like projection in uncomplicated acute type B aortic intramural haematoma.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the morphological evolution and risk stratification of ulcer-like projection (ULP) in patients with uncomplicated acute type B aortic intramural haematoma.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on patients with uncomplicated acute type B intramural haematoma admitted in our institution from January 2015 to June 2020. The primary end points were adverse aortic events (AAE), including aortic rupture, aortic dissection, aortic aneurysm and ULP enlargement.

Assessment of Liver Function for Evaluation of Short- and Long-Term Outcomes in Type B Aortic Dissection Patients Undergoing Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair.

Patients with decreased liver function suffer from poor outcomes when undergoing procedures. We aimed to explore the impact of liver fibrosis identified by aspartate transaminase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) and poor liver functional reserve assessed by a model of end-stage liver disease (MELD) and albumin-bilirubin(ALBI) score on the prognosis of patients with type B aortic dissection (TBAD) undergoing thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). A retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database from 2010 to 2017 was performed.

Impact of Lymphocyte-Related Blood Parameters on Short- and Long-Term Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair.

Lymphocyte-related blood parameters (LRBP), including neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio, and lymphocyte-monocyte ratio, could reflect a patient's overall inflammatory status. We aimed to clarify the association between preoperative LRBP and outcomes of type B aortic dissection (TBAD) patients undergoing thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). A total of 841 patients were enrolled from 2010 to 2017.

Prognostic dynamic nomogram integrated with metabolic acidosis for in-hospital mortality and organ malperfusion in acute type B aortic dissection patients undergoing thoracic endovascular aortic repair.

Background: Organ malperfusion is a lethal complication in acute type B aortic dissection (ATBAD). The aim of present study is to develop a nomogram integrated with metabolic acidosis to predict in-hospital mortality and organ malperfusion in patients with ATBAD undergoing thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR).

Methods: The nomogram was derived from a retrospectively study of 286 ATBAD patients who underwent TEVAR from 2010 to 2017 at a single medical center.

Maf1 Ameliorates Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy by Suppressing the NF-B/NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling Pathway.

Background: The NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been identified as an important mediator of blood-brain-barrier disruption in sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). However, no information is available concerning the critical upstream regulators of SAE.

Methods: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to establish an model of blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and an model of SAE.