Sub-chronic lead and cadmium co-induce apoptosis protein expression in liver and kidney of rats.

The combined subchronic effects of exposure to lead acetate and cadmium chloride on apoptosis protein expression were detected in the liver and kidney of rats to investigate the hazards of environmentally relevant, low-dose exposure to these compounds. The TUNEL assay showed that there were increased numbers of apoptotic cells. Immunohistochemical tests showed increased numbers of positive cells under Bax and caspase-3 protein detection and decreased Bcl-2 protein.

Effects of mixed subchronic lead acetate and cadmium chloride on bone metabolism in rats.

This study aimed to determine the effects of administering a mixture of subchronic lead acetate (Pb (NO3)2) and cadmium chloride (CdCl2·2.5H2O) on the bone metabolism of rats. A control group and three experimental groups consisted of randomly selected rats.

[Combined effects of sub-chronic exposure to lead and cadmium on physiological and biochemical indexes of blood in SD rats].

Objective: The combined subchronic effects of exposure to lead acetate [Pb (NO3)2] and cadmium chloride [CdCl2 x 2.5H2O] on blood physiological and biochemical indexes of rats were detected to investigate the hazards of environmentally relevant, low-dose exposure to these compounds.

Methods: 80 SD rats were randomly divided into three experiment groups and one control group.

Effects of subchronic exposure to lead acetate and cadmium chloride on rat's bone: Ca and Pi contents, bone density, and histopathological evaluation.

This study aims to investigate the effects of low-dose subchronic exposure to lead acetate (Pb(NO₃)₂) and cadmium chloride (CdCl₂·2.5H₂O) on bone in rats. The rats were assigned randomly to a control group and three experimental groups that were given the mixture of Pb(NO₃)₂ and CdCl₂·2.

Toxicological assessment of combined lead and cadmium: acute and sub-chronic toxicity study in rats.

The exposure to chemical mixtures is a common and important determinant of toxicity and receives concern for their introduction by inhalation and ingestion. However, few in vivo mixture studies have been conducted to understand the health effects of chemical mixtures compared with single chemicals. In this study, the acute and 90day sub-chronic toxicity tests of combined Pb and Cd were conducted.

Quantification of metallothionein on the liver and kidney of rats by subchronic lead and cadmium in combination.

The combined subchronic effects of exposure to lead acetate and cadmium chloride on oxidative stress and metallothionein (MT) gene expression were detected in the liver and kidney of rats to investigate the hazards of environmentally relevant, low-dose exposure to these compounds. Pb and Cd co-induced oxidative stress in liver and kidney tissues. This result was indicated by a significant (P<0.

Antiviral activity of sulfated Chuanmingshen violaceum polysaccharide against Newcastle disease virus.

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a member of Paramyxovirinae subfamily and can infect most species of birds causing severe economic losses. The current control measure is vaccination, but infections cannot be completely prevented. It remains a constant threat to the poultry industry and new control measures are urgently needed.

Inhibitory effect of resveratrol against duck enteritis virus in vitro.

Duck viral enteritis (DVE) is an acute, contagious herpesvirus infection of ducks, geese, and swans of all ages and species. This disease has been responsible for significant economic losses in domestic and wild waterfowl as a result of mortality, and decreased egg production. Resveratrol is a naturally occurring phytoalexin in specific plants and exhibits inhibitory activity against many kinds of virus.