Two-dimensional lateral anatase-rutile TiO phase junctions with oxygen vacancies for robust photoelectrochemical water splitting.

Exploiting the photoelectrode materials with broad solar light response, high-efficient separation of photogenerated charges and abundant active sites is extremely vital yet enormously challenging. Herein, an innovative two-dimensional (2D) lateral anatase-rutile TiO phase junctions with controllable oxygen vacancies perpendicularly aligned on Ti mesh is presented. Our experimental observations and theoretical calculations corroborate explicitly that the 2D lateral phase junctions together with three-dimensional arrays not only exhibit the high-efficient photogenerated charges separation guaranteed by the build-in electric field at the side-to-side interface, but also furnish enriching active sites.

Analyte-triggered cascade signal amplification strategy for highly sensitive detection of iodate in table salt with dual-readout signals.

A novel and highly sensitive upconversion fluorescence and colorimetric dual readout iodate (IO) nanosensor system was constructed by using both the outstanding optical performance of NaYF:Yb, Tm upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and the analyte-triggered cascade signal amplification (CSA) technique. The construction of the sensing system consisted of three processes. First, IO oxidized o-phenylenediamine (OPD) to diaminophenazine (OPDox), while IO was reduced to I.

Extensive metabolism of flavonoids relevant to their potential efficacy on Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder, the incidence of which is climbing with ever-growing aged population, but no cure is hitherto available. The epidemiological studies unveiled that chronic intake of flavonoids was negatively associated with AD risk. Flavonoids, a family of natural polyphenols widely distributed in human daily diets, were readily conjugated by phase II drug metabolizing enzymes after absorption , and glucuronidation could occur in 1 min following intravenous administration.

Preparation of Core-Shell Silica Microspheres with Controllable Shell Thickness for Fast High Performance Liquid Chromatography Separation of Alkyl Benzenes and Intact Proteins.

As it is difficult to prevent secondary nucleation and agglomeration during the preparation of core-shell silica microspheres, these issues have been successfully resolved in this study using template-dissolution-induced redeposition. The non-porous particles are transformed into core-shell silica microspheres (CSSMs) in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and octyltrimethylammonium bromide under basic conditions. The shell thickness and pore sizes of the CSSMs are controlled by adjusting the etching time and molar ratio of the template, respectively.

pH-dependent selective separation of acidic and basic proteins using quaternary ammoniation functionalized cysteine-zwitterionic stationary phase with RPLC/IEC mixed-mode chromatography.

In this paper, a cysteine-functionalized zwitterionic stationary phase (Cys-silica) was prepared based on the "thiol-ene" click chemistry between cysteine and vinyl-functionalized silica, and was further modified with bromoethane, 1-bromooctane and 1-bromooctadecane, respectively, to obtain a series of quaternary ammoniation-functionalized stationary phases (Cys-silica-C, n = 2, 8 and 18). These zwitterionic stationary phases were regarded as reversed-phase/ion-exchange (RP/IEC) mixed-mode chromatography (MMC) stationary phases for protein separation. The retention behaviors of proteins on these zwitterionic stationary phases were carefully investigated.

The intrinsic enzyme mimetic activity of platinum oxide for biosensing of glucose.

Given the enzymatic properties and the oxidized surface of Pt nanomaterials, we demonstrated the intrinsic oxidase-like and peroxidase-like activities of platinum oxide (PtO). The surface clean PtO nanoparticles with high water dispersibility were synthesized by a simple and green method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) results demonstrated that the prepared PtO nanoparticles mainly consisted of Pt (Ⅳ) state without Pt(0) chemical state.

Facile synthesis of carbon dots from wheat straw for colorimetric and fluorescent detection of fluoride and cellular imaging.

Colorimetric and fluorescent detection of F have attracted enormous interest owing to their simplicity, low-cost and high selectivity. However, traditional colorimetric and fluorescent sensors mainly based on the insoluble and toxic organic molecules, which is not favorable for sensing F in water media and living cells. In this work, we designed fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) with excellent water solubility and good biocompatibility as a colorimetric and fluorescent dual-model probe for the detection of F.

Synthesis of fully porous silica microspheres with high specific surface area for fast HPLC separation of intact proteins and digests of ovalbumin.

Fully porous silica microspheres (FPSM) with high specific surface area and hierarchical pore as matrix for HPLC were prepared. First, the porous silica nanospheres with controllable particle size and pore diameter were successfully synthesized using a dual-templating approach, the pore size of nanospheres can be increased to 18.4 nm by changing the molar ratios of octyltrimethylammonium bromide (TOMAB) and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), which is suitable for separation and analysis of biomolecules without pore enlargement.

[Research progress on core-shell silica stationary phases for high performance liquid chromatography].

Fast and efficient separation by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is challenging for a wide range of samples. In recent years, core-shell silica microspheres have been widely investigated and used for highly efficient and fast separation under reasonably low pressure for small solutes, biopolymers, and complex samples. In this paper, the mechanism for fast separation and preparation methods of core-shell silica microspheres are introduced, along with their application for HPLC-based separation of small molecules, peptides, and biological macromolecules in HPLC.

Synthesis and optimization of SiO@SiO core-shell microspheres by an improved polymerization-induced colloid aggregation method for fast separation of small solutes and proteins.

Recently, superficially porous particles (SPPs) have been intensively studied and employed for highly efficient and fast separations. In this paper, the SiO@SiO SPPs were synthesized by an improved polymerization-induced colloid aggregation (PICA) method using urea-formaldehyde polymer as the template. The agglomeration of silica core during modification with ureidopropyltrimethoxysilane (UPS) can not only be avoided by reflux in neutral ethanol solution, but also the secondary nucleation of the colloidal silica sol can be inhibited via optimizing the reaction conditions including pH, temperature, colloidal silica sol concentration and the reaction time.

A novel reversed-phase and weak anion-exchange mixed-mode stationary phase based on horizontal polar-copolymerized approach for separation of small organic molecules and inorganic anions.

A novel silica-based reversed-phase/weak anion-exchange mixed-mode chromatography (MMC) stationary phase referred to as OTAS was synthesized based on the horizontal polar-copolymerized approach using trichlorooctadecylsilane (ODS) and (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GPS) as ligands, and then followed by the reaction of epoxy group with diethylamine to introduce the tertiary ammonium functional group. The new stationary phase was characterized by instrumental analysis, and evaluated by separating the mixture of alkylbenzene homologues in reversed-phase mode and acidic organic compounds in ion-exchange chromatography mode, respectively. The results indicate that not only the baseline separation of 11 kinds of neutral and acidic organic compounds can be achieved successfully, but also 5 kinds of inorganic anions can be separated completely.

One-pot synthesis of SiO@SiO core-shell microspheres with controllable mesopore size as a new stationary phase for fast HPLC separation of alkyl benzenes and β-agonists.

Monodisperse SiO@SiO core-shell silica microspheres (CSSM) with enlarged mesopores perpendicular to the particles surface were prepared using a dual-templating approach. With cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide as the template and octyltrimethyl ammonium bromide as an auxiliary chemical, the pore size can be enlarged from 2.6 to 10.

Branched polyethyleneimine-assisted boronic acid-functionalized silica nanoparticles for the selective enrichment of trace glycoproteins.

Boronate affinity materials have attracted more and more attention in extraction, separation and enrichment of glycoproteins due to the important roles that glycoproteins take on in recent years. However, conventional boronate affinity materials suffer from low binding affinity mainly because of the use of single boronic acids. This makes the extraction of glycoproteins of trace concentration become rather difficult or impossible.

Effects of breviscapine on amyloid beta 1-42 induced Alzheimer's disease mice: A HPLC-QTOF-MS based plasma metabonomics study.

Herba Erigerontis has long been used to cure apoplexy hemiplegia and precordial pain in China. In addition, the bioactivities of its total flavonoids-breviscapine included inhibiting amyloid beta (Aβ) fibril formation, antioxidation and metal chelating, which are beneficial to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). Hence, A HPLC-QTOF-MS based plasma metabonomics approach was applied to investigate the neuroprotective effects of breviscapine on intracerebroventricular injection of aggregated Aβ 1-42 induced AD mice for the first time in the study.

Preparation and characterization of monodisperse large-porous silica microspheres as the matrix for protein separation.

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a kind of efficient separation technology and has been used widely in many fields. Micro-sized porous silica microspheres as the most popular matrix have been used for fast separation and analysis in HPLC. In this paper, the monodisperse large-porous silica microspheres with controllable size and structure were successfully synthesized with polymer microspheres as the templates and characterized.

Preparation of a weak anion exchange/hydrophobic interaction dual-function mixed-mode chromatography stationary phase for protein separation using click chemistry.

In this study, 3-diethylamino-1-propyne was covalently bonded to the azide-silica by a click reaction to obtain a novel dual-function mixed-mode chromatography stationary phase for protein separation with a ligand containing tertiary amine and two ethyl groups capable of electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction functionalities, which can display hydrophobic interaction chromatography character in a high-salt-concentration mobile phase and weak anion exchange character in a low-salt-concentration mobile phase employed for protein separation. As a result, it can be employed to separate proteins with weak anion exchange and hydrophobic interaction modes, respectively. The resolution and selectivity of the stationary phase were evaluated in both hydrophobic interaction and ion exchange modes with standard proteins, respectively, which can be comparable to that of conventional weak anion exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography columns.

Simultaneous determination of three glucuronide conjugates of scutellarein in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS for pharmacokinetic study of breviscapine.

A selective and sensitive LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of three glucuronide conjugates of scutellarein in rat plasma. Plasma samples were pretreated by protein precipitation with acetonitrile. The analytes (scutellarin, scutellarein-6,7-di-O-β-d-glucuronide and scutellarein-6-O-β-d-glucuronide), together with internal standard (IS, baicalin) were separated on a Diamonsil C18 column (150 mm × 4.

Identification of ginkgolic acid (15:1) metabolites in rats following oral administration by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry.

1. In this article, metabolites of ginkgolic acid (GA) (15:1) in rats plasma, bile, urine and faeces after oral administration have been investigated for the first time by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) with the aid of on-line hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange technique and β-glucuronidase hydrolysis experiments. 2.

Development of high performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for assay of ginkgolic acid (15:1) in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetics study.

A highly sensitive HPLC-ESI-MS method has been developed and validated for the quantification of ginkgolic acid (15:1) in a small quantity of rat plasma (50μL) using its homologous compound ginkgolic acid (17:1) as an internal standard. GA (15:1) and GA (17:1) were extracted from biological matrix by direct protein precipitation with 5-fold volume of methanol and separated on an Elite hypersil BDS C(18) column (2.1×100mm, 3μm), eluted with acetonitrile:water (92:8, v/v, containing 0.

Metabolites of protoberberine alkaloids in human urine following oral administration of Coptidis Rhizoma decoction.

Coptidis Rhizoma has been used as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine to treat typhoid, pharyngolaryngitis, diabetes mellitus, gastroenteritis and secretory diarrhea for more than a thousand years in China. However, there is little information on the IN VIVO chemical constituents of Coptidis Rhizoma following oral administration. In this paper, the alkaloid constituents in urine were studied in humans following oral administration of Coptidis Rhizoma decoction.

A highly sensitive and robust UPLC-MS with electrospray ionization method for quantitation of taxifolin in rat plasma.

A sensitive ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method has been developed and validated for the quantification of taxifolin in rat plasma. Following liquid/liquid extraction by ethyl acetate, the analytes were separated on a Sunfire (2.1 mm x 50 mm, 3.

An electrical impedance spectroscopy system for breast cancer detection.

This paper describes Rensselaer's ACT 4 electrical impedance tomography system which has been developed for breast cancer detection. ACT 4 acquires electrical impedance data at a set of discrete frequencies in the range from 3.33 kHz to 1 MHz and can support up to 72 electrodes.

A compensated radiolucent electrode array for combined EIT and mammography.

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT), a non-invasive technique used to image the electrical conductivity and permittivity within a body from measurements taken on the body's surface, could be used as an indicator for breast cancer. Because of the low spatial resolution of EIT, combining it with other modalities may enhance its utility. X-ray mammography, the standard screening technique for breast cancer, is the first choice for that other modality.

A method for analyzing electrical impedance spectroscopy data from breast cancer patients.

Research on freshly-excised malignant breast tissues and surrounding normal tissues in an in vitro impedance cell has shown that breast tumors have different conductivity and permittivity from normal or non-malignant tissues. This contrast may provide a basis for breast cancer detection using electrical impedance imaging. This paper describes a procedure for collecting electrical impedance spectroscopy data simultaneously and in register with tomosynthesis data from patients.

Isolation and identification of ten metabolites of breviscapine in rat urine.

Breviscapine, is the total flavonoid components (the content of scutellarin > or =85%) extracted from the dried whole plant of Erigeron breviscapus (VANT.) HAND.-MAZZ, and its preparations are generally used in the clinic for the treatment of cerebral and cardio-vascular diseases in China.