Artificial intelligence for geoscience: Progress, challenges, and perspectives.

This paper explores the evolution of geoscientific inquiry, tracing the progression from traditional physics-based models to modern data-driven approaches facilitated by significant advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and data collection techniques. Traditional models, which are grounded in physical and numerical frameworks, provide robust explanations by explicitly reconstructing underlying physical processes. However, their limitations in comprehensively capturing Earth's complexities and uncertainties pose challenges in optimization and real-world applicability.

Wernicke encephalopathy in a patient with medullary infarctions: a case report.

Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) is an acute life-threatening neurological condition caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency. Patients with WE often present with a triad of symptoms consisting of ophthalmoplegia, gait ataxia, and mental confusion. If WE is not treated in a timely manner, it can lead to serious complications such as confusion, coma, or death.

Laryngospasm as an uncommon presentation in a patient with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis: A case report.

Background: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is a rare autoimmune disorder. The symptoms of anti-NMDAR encephalitis include behavioral problems, speech problems, psychosis, seizures, and memory deficits, among others. However, laryngospasm is rare.

Development of Clinical Risk Scores for Detection of COVID-19 in Suspected Patients During a Local Outbreak in China: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

To develop and internally validate two clinical risk scores to detect coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during local outbreaks. Medical records were extracted for a retrospective cohort of 336 suspected patients admitted to Baodi hospital between 27 January to 20 February 2020. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to develop the risk-scoring models, which were internally validated using a 5-fold cross-validation method and Hosmer-Lemeshow (H-L) tests.

DAPK1 Interacts with the p38 Isoform MAPK14, Preventing Its Nuclear Translocation and Stimulation of Bone Marrow Adipogenesis.

Bone marrow (BM) adipose tissue (BMAT), a unique adipose depot, plays an important role in diseases such as osteoporosis and bone metastasis. Precise control of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation is critical for BMAT formation and regeneration. Here, we show that death associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) negatively regulates BM adipogenesis in vitro and in vivo.

Effects of long-term culture on the biological characteristics and RNA profiles of human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

Expansion prior to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) application is a necessary process. Functional and genomic stability has a crucial role in stem-cell-based therapies. However, the exact expression and co-expressed profiles of coding and non-coding RNAs in human bone marrow (BM)-MSCs aging are still lacking.

Acute ischemic stroke due to unruptured small aneurysm of internal carotid artery: A case report.

Rationale: Intracranial small aneurysm is a rare cause of ischemic stroke, and been described only in sparse case reports. The exact pathophysiology, treatment strategies, and prognosis remain incompletely understood.

Patient Concerns: A 42-year-old man presented with an acute onset weakness of the right limbs.

Loss of death-associated protein kinase 1 in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells decreases immunosuppression of CD4+ T cells.

Objective: To explore the roles of human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) in modulating CD4+ T lymphocyte proliferation.

Methods: Human MSCs and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and cocultured for 3 days. Lentiviral-mediated RNA interference (LV-sh-DAPK1) was used to silence DAPK1 expression in hMSCs.

Gelsolin Promotes Cancer Progression by Regulating Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Correlates with a Poor Prognosis.

Gelsolin (GSN), a cytoskeletal protein, is frequently overexpressed in different cancers and promotes cell motility. The biological function of GSN in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its mechanism remain unclear. The expression of GSN was assessed in a cohort of 188 HCC patients.

IL6 Receptor Facilitates Adipogenesis Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells through Activating P38 Pathway.

Background And Objectives: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the multipotent capacity to differentiate into multiple tissue lineages as well as to self-renew, which is the main origin of adipocytes. IL6/IL6R pathway exerts a significant role in tissue regeneration and cell differentiation. Whereas, the underlying mechanism between IL6/IL6R pathway and MSCs adipogenesis differentiation remains elusive.

Increased BMPR1A Expression Enhances the Adipogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis.

Objective: To investigate the adipogenic differentiation capacity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients and explore the mechanism of abnormal MSC adipogenesis in AS.

Methods: MSCs from patients with AS (ASMSCs) and healthy donors (HDMSCs) were cultured in adipogenic differentiation medium for up to 21 days. Adipogenic differentiation was determined using oil red O (ORO) staining and quantification and was confirmed by assessing adipogenic marker expression (PPAR-, FABP4, and adiponectin).

Resveratrol ameliorates brain injury via the TGF-β-mediated ERK signaling pathway in a rat model of cerebral hemorrhage.

Brain injury is the most common intracranial injury in human cerebrovascular disease, which may lead to ischemic stroke. Resveratrol induces ameliorative effects in the treatment of certain human diseases by regulating different signaling pathways. The present study assessed the therapeutic effects of resveratrol and its potential mechanism of action in the neurons from rats with ischemia/reperfusion-induced cerebral hemorrhage.

A Study of the Immunoregulatory Function of TLR3 and TLR4 on Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Ankylosing Spondylitis.

The pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), an immune-mediated inflammatory disease, remains largely unknown. We previously reported that the immunoregulatory function of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was dysfunctional in AS. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that TLR3 and TLR4 could regulate the immunoregulatory function of MSCs.

TRAF4 positively regulates the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by acting as an E3 ubiquitin ligase to degrade Smurf2.

TNF receptor-associated factor 4 (TRAF4), a member of the TRAF family, plays an important role in the embryogenesis and development of the bone system. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are the primary origin of osteoblasts in vivo, are key cells in bone development; however, whether TRAF4 modulates the osteogenic capacity of MSCs has never been explored. In this study, we demonstrated that TRAF4 positively regulates the osteogenic process of MSCs both in vitro and in vivo.

Enhanced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in ankylosing spondylitis: a study based on a three-dimensional biomimetic environment.

The mechanism of pathological osteogenesis in Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is largely unknown. Our previous studies demonstrated that the imbalance between BMP-2 and Noggin secretion induces abnormal osteogenic differentiation of marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from AS patients in a two-dimensional culture environment. In this study, HA/β-TCP scaffolds were further used as a three-dimensional (3D) biomimetic culture system to mimic the bone microenvironment in vivo to determine the abnormal osteogenic differentiation of AS-MSCs.

2-HS Glycoprotein in Plasma Extracellular Vesicles Inhibits the Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells In Vitro.

Extracellular vesicles (Evs) contain diverse functional proteins, mRNAs, miRNAs, and DNA fragments, are secreted by various types of cells, and play important roles in cellular communication. Here, we show for the first time that plasma Evs inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in vitro and the level of inhibition was positively correlated with the plasma Evs concentration. Plasma Evs downregulated the expression of markers such as osteocalcin (OCN), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and Osterix at mRNA levels required for osteogenic differentiation and reduced pSmad1/5/8 levels in MSCs.

LncRNA-OG Promotes the Osteogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Under the Regulation of hnRNPK.

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are the main source of osteoblasts in vivo and are widely used in stem cell therapy. Previously, we analyzed long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression profiles during BM-MSC osteogenesis, and further investigation is needed to elucidate how lncRNAs regulate BM-MSC osteogenesis. Herein, we used customized microarrays to determine lncRNA expression profiles in BM-MSCs on days 0 and 10 of osteogenic differentiation.

Intractable nausea and vomiting as an uncommon presentation in an anti-aquaporin 4-positive patient.

Autoantibodies targeting aquaporin 4 (AQP4) water channels are a sensitive and specific biomarker for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Presence of AQP4 antibodies distinguishes NMOSD from multiple sclerosis. We present our experience with an anti-AQP4 antibody-positive patient diagnosed with NMOSD who complained of intractable nausea and vomiting, not restricted to optic neuritis or acute myelitis during the first attack.

Elevated TRAF4 expression impaired LPS-induced autophagy in mesenchymal stem cells from ankylosing spondylitis patients.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a type of autoimmune disease that predominantly affects the spine and sacroiliac joints. However, the pathogenesis of AS remains unclear. Some evidence indicates that infection with bacteria, especially Gram-negative bacteria, may have an important role in the onset and progression of AS.

TNF- Induced the Enhanced Apoptosis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Ankylosing Spondylitis by Overexpressing TRAIL-R2.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an autoimmune disease with unknown etiology. Dysregulated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) apoptosis may contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. However, apoptosis of MSCs from patients with AS (ASMSCs) has not been investigated yet.

MCP1 triggers monocyte dysfunctions during abnormal osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in ankylosing spondylitis.

Unlabelled: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by pathological osteogenesis and inflammation. However, the pathogenesis of AS and the pathological relationship between osteogenesis and inflammation in this disease remain largely unknown. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells capable of osteogenic differentiation and immunoregulation.

Autophagy Improves the Immunosuppression of CD4+ T Cells by Mesenchymal Stem Cells Through Transforming Growth Factor-β1.

Unlabelled: : Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been extensively investigated as a promising approach to treat many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. The stress condition would affect the therapeutic efficacy and induce autophagy of MSCs. However, whether autophagy would affect the immunosuppressive capacity of MSCs is largely unknown.

Differential Expression Profiles of Long Noncoding RNA and mRNA of Osteogenically Differentiated Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Ankylosing Spondylitis.

Objective: We previously demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS; ASMSC) have a greater osteogenic differentiation capacity than MSC from healthy donors (HDMSC) and that this difference underlies the pathogenesis of pathological osteogenesis in AS. Here we compared expression levels of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and mRNA between osteogenically differentiated ASMSC and HDMSC and explored the precise mechanism underlying abnormal osteogenic differentiation in ASMSC.

Methods: HDMSC and ASMSC were induced with osteogenic differentiation medium for 10 days.