Negative Regulation of Kog1 on Lipid Accumulation in the Oleaginous Fungus .

Oleaginous microorganisms can produce polyunsaturated fatty acids beneficial to human health through adjusting the nitrogen content in the medium. The target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) is important for nitrogen sensing and then regulates lipid metabolism. However, the function of Kog1, a subunit of TORC1, in TORC1-regulated lipid metabolism in oleaginous microorganisms remains unclear.

The roles of immune system and autoimmunity in pulmonary arterial hypertension: A review.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic disease characterized by increased pulmonary artery pressure which if left untreated, can lead to poor quality of life and ultimately death. It is a group of conditions and includes idiopathic PAH, familial/hereditary PAH and associated PAH. The condition has been studied for many years and its association with the immune system and in particular autoimmunity has been investigated.

Genetically Determined Serum Uric Acid and Alzheimer's Disease Risk.

To evaluate whether genetically increased serum uric acid levels influence the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), we used genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms for uric acid as the instrumental variables, and undertook a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to estimate the effect of uric acid on the risk of AD. The MR method prevents bias due to reverse causation (e.g.

Unexpected hydrobromic acid-catalyzed C-C bond-forming reactions and facile synthesis of coumarins and benzofurans based on ketene dithioacetals.

Hydrobromic acid was found to be a unique catalyst in C-C bond-forming reactions with ketene dithioacetals. Distinctly different from other acids (including Lewis and Brønsted acids), the remarkable catalytic performance of hydrobromic acid in catalytic amounts was observed in the "acid"-catalyzed reactions of readily available functionalized ketene dithioacetals 1 with various electrophiles. Under the catalysis of 0.

Tandem Nazarov cyclization-halovinylation of divinyl ketones under Vilsmeier conditions: synthesis of highly substituted cyclopentadienes.

A new Vilsmeier reagent-mediated Nazarov cyclization-halovinylation reaction of divinyl ketones was developed to provide a straightforward method for the synthesis of highly substituted cyclopentadienes with the advantages of simplicity of execution, readily available substrates, cheap reagents, and broad range of potential products and applications.

[Cancer stem cell theory and cancer therapy].

Objective: To analyze the advances of cancer stem cell (CSC) in recent years, and to propose a prospect for CSC research and cancer therapy.

Methods: Articles about important advances of CSC theory and cancer therapy were reviewed, and then selected and summarized.

Results: In 2001, CSC was first put forward as a concept, till now, which has been confirmed in many tissues.

Carbon tetrabromide-mediated carbon-sulfur bond formation via a sulfenyl bromide intermediate.

In the presence of carbon tetrabromide, a variety of dithiocarbamates, xanthates, dithioesters, and thioethers were prepared in one pot by reacting the corresponding dithioic acids or thiols with active methylene compounds/indole derivatives under mild conditions. The formation of a sulfenyl bromide intermediate is proposed as the key step, which initiates the C-S bond formation.

Temperature-controlled synthesis of substituted pyridine derivatives via the [5C + 1N] annulation of 1,1-bisalkylthio-1,4-pentanedienes and ammonium acetate.

A novel temperature-controlled one-pot synthesis of substituted pyridine derivatives via [5C + 1N] annulation of 1,1-bisalkylthio-1,4-pentanedienes and ammonium acetate is developed, and possible mechanisms leading to the divergent formation of the two types of pyridines are discussed.