Mechanism Study of Bufalin Reversal of Drug Resistance by Inhibiting Hypoxic Colon Cancer Cell-Induced Polarization of M2 Macrophages.

Chemoresistance is still an important factor affecting the efficacy of treatment in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Hypoxia is related to poor prognosis and treatment resistance in cancer. Relevant studies have shown that a hypoxic microenvironment can promote the polarization of M2 macrophages and thus promote tumor development.

Potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies against sarbecoviruses elicited by single ancestral SARS-CoV-2 infection.

The emergence of various SARS-CoV-2 variants presents challenges for antibody therapeutics, emphasizing the need for more potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies. Here, we employed an unbiased screening approach and successfully isolated two antibodies from individuals with only exposure to ancestral SARS-CoV-2. One of these antibodies, CYFN1006-1, exhibited robust cross-neutralization against a spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 variants, including the latest KP.

Immunogenicity of monkeypox virus surface proteins and cross-reactive antibody responses in vaccinated and infected individuals: implications for vaccine and therapeutic development.

Background: The monkeypox virus (MPXV) has raised global health concerns due to its widespread transmission. This study evaluated the MPXV immunogenic antigens and the impact of vaccinia virus (VACV) vaccination and MPXV infection on cross-reactive antibody responses to conserved proteins from representative MPXV strains that reflected the evolutionary trajectory.

Methods: Phylogenetic analyses were first conducted to reveal the evolutionary trajectory of MPXV from 1970 to 2024.

Metal Doped Multicomponent Copper-Based Arrays for Formaldehyde Oxidation Assisted Dual Hydrogen Production System.

Green hydrogen production technology is an effective strategy for solving energy problems and environmental issues. In this paper, we report a bipolar hydrogen production system: Au-CuO/CF∥Ru-CuO/CF, in which the cathode produces hydrogen through the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) process and the anode produces hydrogen through a formaldehyde oxidation reaction (FOR). It is found that when Au-CuO/CF is used in FOR, the C-H bond of formaldehyde will be broken at low potential to produce reactive hydrogen H*.

Synergism of Hydrogen-Induced Interstitial Effect and Gold-Induced Alloying Effect in PdAuH Metallene for Urea Electrosynthesis from Nitrate and Carbon Dioxide.

Urea is a common agricultural fertilizer and industrial raw material, but at present, the traditional industrial production of urea is energy-and pollution-intensive. Electrocatalytic coupling of CO and ubiquitous nitrogen sources to synthesize urea is considered as a promising alternative method but requiring high-performance catalysts to boost the C-N coupling electrocatalysis process. Herein, hydrogen-intercalated Pd-Au bimetallene (PdAuHene) was prepared by a three-step method and used for electrosynthesis of urea from NO and CO, deriving an optimum urea Faradaic efficiency of 33.

Social contact patterns and their impact on the transmission of respiratory pathogens in rural China.

Introduction: Social contact patterns significantly influence the transmission dynamics of respiratory pathogens. Previous surveys have quantified human social contact patterns, yielding heterogeneous results across different locations. However, significant gaps remain in understanding social contact patterns in rural areas of China.

Amorphous Ni(OH) Coated Cu Dendrites with Superaerophobic Interface for Bipolar Hydrogen Production Assisted with Formaldehyde Oxidation.

Since formaldehyde oxidation reaction (FOR) can release H, it is attractive to construct a bipolar hydrogen production system consisting of FOR and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Although copper-based catalysts have attracted much attention due to their low cost and high FOR activity, the performance enhancement mechanism lacks in-depth investigation. Here, an amorphous-crystalline catalyst of amorphous nickel hydroxide-coated copper dendrites on copper foam (Cu@Ni(OH)/CF) is prepared.

Alloying effect modulated electronic structure of Mo-doped PdIn bimetallene nanoribbons for ambient electrosynthesis of urea.

Designing advanced catalysts for electrosynthesis of urea is of significance yet remains challenging. Herein, ultrathin two-dimensional Mo-doped PdIn bimetallene nanoribbons were synthesized a one-pot method. Material characterization and electrochemical study revealed that the alloying effect enabled electron transfer from In to Pd and provided dual metal sites with regulated electronic structure for the adsorption and activation of NO and CO, thus facilitating the generation of key active intermediates and promoting the C-N coupling reaction.

Disruption of seasonal influenza circulation and evolution during the 2009 H1N1 and COVID-19 pandemics in Southeastern Asia.

East, South, and Southeast Asia (together referred to as Southeastern Asia hereafter) have been recognized as critical areas fuelling the global circulation of seasonal influenza. However, the seasonal influenza migration network within Southeastern Asia remains unclear, including how pandemic-related disruptions altered this network. We leveraged genetic, epidemiological, and airline travel data between 2007-2023 to characterise the dispersal patterns of influenza A/H3N2 and B/Victoria viruses both out of and within Southeastern Asia, including during perturbations by the 2009 A/H1N1 and COVID-19 pandemics.

Boron modification of AuRh mesoporous nanotubes for electro-reduction of nitrogen to ammonia.

Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is a prospective tactics for ammonia synthesis. However, the development of highly active NRR electrocatalysts is still challenging owing to the difficult activation of nitrogen and competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Here, we synthesized boron-doped AuRh mesoporous nanotubes (B-AuRh MNTs) via dual-template method coupled with boron doping.

Residential greenness, air pollution and visual impairment: a prospective cohort study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between residential greenness, air pollution (PM, PM, and NO), and the risk of visual impairment in Chinese middle-aged and elderly adults.

Methods: The data were used from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), focusing on adults aged 45 years and older. Exposure to residential greenness was assessed using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), while air pollution exposure (PM, PM, and NO) was estimated from the ChinaHighAirPollutants dataset.

Strong long ties facilitate epidemic containment on mobility networks.

The analysis of connection strengths and distances in the mobility network is pivotal for delineating critical pathways, particularly in the context of epidemic propagation. Local connections that link proximate districts typically exhibit strong weights. However, ties that bridge distant regions with high levels of interaction intensity, termed strong long (SL) ties, warrant increased scrutiny due to their potential to foster satellite epidemic clusters and extend the duration of pandemics.

Global landscape of COVID-19 vaccination programmes for older adults: a descriptive study.

Background: To minimise severe cases and deaths from COVID-19 among high-risk populations such as older adults (aged 60 years and older), it is crucial to monitor and update vaccination strategies. In this study, we aim to provide a global profile of the current COVID-19 vaccination programmes for older adults, including vaccination policies, coverage rates, and vaccine demand.

Methods: We used publicly available data on the COVID-19 vaccines used, vaccination schedules, indicated age groups, and age-specific country-level vaccine coverage, updated through to July 20, 2024.

COVID-19 pandemic interventions reshaped the global dispersal of seasonal influenza viruses.

The global dynamics of seasonal influenza viruses inform the design of surveillance, intervention, and vaccination strategies. The COVID-19 pandemic provided a singular opportunity to evaluate how influenza circulation worldwide was perturbed by human behavioral changes. We combine molecular, epidemiological, and international travel data and find that the pandemic's onset led to a shift in the intensity and structure of international influenza lineage movement.

Assessment of neutralizing antibody response as a correlate of protection against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections after administration of two doses of the CoronaVac inactivated COVID-19 vaccine: A phase III randomized controlled trial.

Background: The emergence of variants of concerns of SARS-CoV-2 highlights the need for comprehensively elucidating the correlates of protection for different COVID-19 vaccine types. Inactivated COVID-19 vaccines are currently amongst the most widely administered vaccines globally. However, investigations into the correlates of protection for inactivated COVID-19 vaccines are relatively rare.

Proton Ionic Liquid Modulates Hydrogen Coverage and Subsurface Absorbed Hydrogen to Enhance Pd Metallene Electrocatalytic Semi-hydrogenation of Alkynols.

Electrochemical semi-hydrogenation of alkynols to produce high-value alkenols is a green and sustainable approach. Although Pd can exhibit excellent semi-hydrogenation properties, its intrinsic mechanism still lacks in-depth study. Herein, a proton ionic liquid (PIL)-modified Pd metallene (Pdene@PIL) is synthesized for the electrocatalytic semi-hydrogenation of 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol (MBY) to 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MBE).

Thyrotoxic Effects of Mixed Exposure to Perfluorinated Compounds: Integrating Population-Based, Toxicogenomic, Animal, and Cellular Evidence to Elucidate Molecular Mechanisms and Identify Potential Effector Targets.

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are emerging environmental endocrine disruptors that may adversely affect the human endocrine system, particularly the thyroid gland, the largest endocrine gland in the human body. An epidemiologic survey was conducted involving 318 community residents in Shanghai, China, to assess PFAS exposure levels. The relationship between PFAS exposure and five thyroid function indicators was analyzed using Bayesian Kernel Regression (BKMR) and Weighted Quantile Sum Regression (WQS).

Dual Hydrogen Production System: Synergistic Effect of Ru and Ce Over CuO Nanotubes Drives Hydrogen Evolution and Formaldehyde Oxidation.

Water splitting for hydrogen production is limited by high cell voltage and low energy conversion efficiencies due to the slow kinetic process of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Here, an electrolytic system is constructed in which the cathode and anode co-release H at ultra-low input voltage using formaldehyde oxidation reaction (FOR) instead of OER. The prepared RuCe co-doped CuO nanotubes on copper foam (RuCe-CuO/CF) are used as electrode materials for the HER-FOR system.

Energy-Saving Ambient Electrosynthesis of Nylon-6 Precursor Coupled with Electrocatalytic Upcycling of Polyethylene Terephthalate.

Cyclohexanone oxime is an important intermediate in the chemical industry, especially for the manufacture of nylon-6. The traditional cyclohexanone oxime production strongly relies on cyclohexanone-hydroxylamine and cyclohexanone ammoxidation processes, which require harsh reaction conditions and consume considerable amounts of energy. Herein, direct electrosynthesis of cyclohexanone oxime is reported from environmental pollutants nitrite and cyclohexanone with almost 100% yield by using low-cost CuSe nanosheets as electrocatalysts.

Corrigendum to "Counterfactual analysis of the 2023 Omicron XBB wave in China" [Infect. Dis. Model. 9 (2024) 195-203].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.idm.

Electrocatalytic Valorization of Nitrate and Polyester Plastic for Simultaneous Production of Ammonia and Glycolic Acid.

Electrochemical upcycling of nitrate and polyester plastic into valuable products is an ideal solution to realize the resource utilization. Here, the co-production of ammonia (NH) and glycolic acid (GA) via electrochemical upcycling of nitrate and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics over mesoporous PdAu film on Ni foam (mPdAu/NF), which is synthesized by micelle-assisted replacement method, is proposed. The mPdAu/NF with well-developed mesoporous structure provides abundant active sites and facilitated transfer channels and strong electronic effect.