Efficacy of a Virtual 3D Simulation-Based Digital Training Module for Building Dental Technology Students' Long-Term Competency in Removable Partial Denture Design: Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Removable partial denture (RPD) design is crucial to long-term success in dental treatment, but shortcomings in RPD design training and competency acquisition among dental students have persisted for decades. Digital production is increasing in prevalence in stomatology, and a digital RPD (D-RPD) module, under the framework of the certified Objective Manipulative Skill Examination of Dental Technicians (OMEDT) system reported in our previous work, may improve on existing RPD training models for students.

Objective: We aimed to determine the efficacy of a virtual 3D simulation-based progressive digital training module for RPD design compared to traditional training.

Neuro-inspired optical sensor array for high-accuracy static image recognition and dynamic trace extraction.

Neuro-inspired vision systems hold great promise to address the growing demands of mass data processing for edge computing, a distributed framework that brings computation and data storage closer to the sources of data. In addition to the capability of static image sensing and processing, the hardware implementation of a neuro-inspired vision system also requires the fulfilment of detecting and recognizing moving targets. Here, we demonstrated a neuro-inspired optical sensor based on two-dimensional NbS/MoS hybrid films, which featured remarkable photo-induced conductance plasticity and low electrical energy consumption.

Facile Synthesis of P-Doped ZnInS with Enhanced Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production.

ZnInS (ZIS) is widely used in the field of photocatalytic hydrogen production due to its unique photoelectric properties. Nonetheless, the photocatalytic performance of ZIS usually faces problems of poor conductivity and rapid recombination of charge carriers. Heteroatom doping is often regarded as one of the effective strategies for improving the catalytic activity of photocatalysts.

A polarization-sensitive photothermoelectric photodetector based on mixed-dimensional SWCNT-MoS heterostructures.

Mixed-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) integration has been demonstrated to be effective for the modulation of the physical properties of homogeneous materials. Herein, we reported the enhancement of photothermal conversion and decrease of thermal conductivity in metallic single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films with the integration of chemical vapor deposition-grown monolayer MoS films. The induced temperature gradient in SWCNT-MoS hybrid films drives carrier diffusion to generate photocurrent the photothermoelectric (PTE) effect, and a self-powered photodetector working in the visible band range from 405 to 785 nm was demonstrated.

Mixed Land Use Levels in Rural Settlements and Their Influencing Factors: A Case Study of Pingba Village in Chongqing, China.

Mixed land use provides an important means of promoting the intensive and efficient use of land resources and stimulating endogenous development power in rural areas. This paper selected Pingba Village in Chongqing as the research area; the land use status data and the social and economic data on rural settlements in the study area for 2021 were obtained through field visits and interviews. Moreover, the land use types in the rural settlements were subdivided according to the principle of dominant function.

Multimodal Neuroimaging Study of Visual Plasticity in Schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness with visual learning and memory deficits, and reduced long term potentiation (LTP) may underlie these impairments. Recent human fMRI and EEG studies have assessed visual plasticity that was induced with high frequency visual stimulation, which is thought to mimic an LTP-like phenomenon. This study investigated the differences in visual plasticity in participants with schizophrenia and healthy controls.

Copigmentation effect of three phenolic acids on color and thermal stability of Chinese bayberry anthocyanins.

The copigmentation effects of three phenolic acids (ferulic acid, sinapic acid, and syringic acid) on the color and thermal stability of Chinese bayberry anthocyanins were investigated. The three copigments of ferulic acid, sinapic acid, and syringic acid were found to have significant effects on the color enhancement of bayberry anthocyanins ( < .05).

Sleep quality is related to brain glutamate and symptom severity in schizophrenia.

Up to 80% of patients with schizophrenia experience sleep disturbances, which negatively impact daytime functioning. Given that the glutamatergic system is involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia as well as normal sleep-wake neurobiology, the current project aimed to determine whether sleep quality was related to brain glutamate levels in schizophrenia. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess subjective sleep quality and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was used to quantify glutamate in the bilateral anterior cingulate, left parietal cortex, and left hippocampus.

Let-7f-5p ameliorates inflammation by targeting NLRP3 in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from systemic lupus erythematosus patients (SLE-BMSCs) exhibited abnormalities in cytokine production and immune modulation. Deregulation of Nod-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays an important role in SLE. Herein, we explored whether miRNAs are involved in the regulation of NLRP3 in SLE-BMSCs.

Anterior Cingulate Glutamate and GABA Associations on Functional Connectivity in Schizophrenia.

Background: The underlying neurobiological mechanism for abnormal functional connectivity in schizophrenia (SCZ) remains unknown. This project investigated whether glutamate and GABA, 2 metabolites that contribute to excitatory and inhibitory functions, may influence functional connectivity in SCZ.

Methods: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy were acquired from 58 SCZ patients and 61 healthy controls (HC).

Errors in H-MRS estimates of brain metabolite concentrations caused by failing to take into account tissue-specific signal relaxation.

Accurate measurement of brain metabolite concentrations with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( H-MRS) can be problematic because of large voxels with mixed tissue composition, requiring adjustment for differing relaxation rates in each tissue if absolute concentration estimates are desired. Adjusting for tissue-specific metabolite signal relaxation, however, also requires a knowledge of the relative concentrations of the metabolite in gray (GM) and white (WM) matter, which are not known a priori. Expressions for the estimation of the molality and molarity of brain metabolites with H-MRS are extended to account for tissue-specific relaxation of the metabolite signals and examined under different assumptions with simulated and real data.

Comparing the reproducibility of commonly used magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques to quantify cerebral glutathione.

Background: Cerebral glutathione (GSH), a marker of oxidative stress, has been quantified in neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Using a reproducible MRS technique is important, as it minimizes the impact of measurement technique variability on the study results and ensures that other studies can replicate the results.

Hypothesis: We hypothesized that very short echo time (TE) acquisitions would have comparable reproducibility to a long TE MEGA-PRESS acquisition, and that the short TE PRESS acquisition would have the poorest reproducibility.

Glutamatergic metabolites are associated with visual plasticity in humans.

Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a basic cellular mechanism underlying learning and memory. LTP-like plasticity in the visual cortex can be induced by high frequency visual stimulation in rodents and humans. Since glutamate plays a fundamental role in LTP, this study investigated if visual cortical glutamate and glutamine levels, measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), relate to visual plasticity in humans.

Altered Glutamate and Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Levels in Schizophrenia: A H-MRS and pCASL study.

The neurobiology of schizophrenia (SZ) may be altered in older versus younger adults with SZ, as less frequent episodes of symptom exacerbation and increased sensitivity to medications are observed in older age. The goal of this study was to examine the effect of age and diagnosis on glutamate and cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in adults with SZ and healthy controls. Young and older adults with SZ and healthy controls were recruited to participate in this study.

Glutamatergic and Neuronal Dysfunction in Gray and White Matter: A Spectroscopic Imaging Study in a Large Schizophrenia Sample.

Glutamine plus glutamate (Glx), as well as N-acetylaspartate compounds (NAAc, N-acetylaspartate plus N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate), a marker of neuronal viability, can be quantified with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). We used 1H-MRS imaging to assess Glx and NAAc, as well as total-choline (glycerophospho-choline plus phospho-choline), myo-inositol and total-creatine (creatine plus phosphocreatine) from an axial supraventricular slab of gray matter (GM, medial-frontal and medial-parietal) and white matter (WM, bilateral-frontal and bilateral-parietal) voxels. Schizophrenia subjects (N = 104) and healthy controls (N = 97) with a broad age range (16 to 65) were studied.

Crystal structure of poly[bis-(μ2-5-hydroxy-nicotinato-κ(2) N:O (3))zinc].

The title coordination polymer, [Zn(C6H4NO3)2] n , was prepared under hydro-thermal conditions by the reaction of zinc nitrate with 5-hy-droxy-nicotinic acid in the presence of malonic acid. In the structure, the Zn(II) ion is coordinated by two carboxyl-ate O atoms and two pyridine N atoms of four 5-hy-droxy-nicotinate ligands in a distorted tetra-hedral coordin-ation environment. The μ2-bridging mode of each anion leads to the formation of a three-dimensional framework structure.

The Paradoxical Relationship between White Matter, Psychopathology and Cognition in Schizophrenia: A Diffusion Tensor and Proton Spectroscopic Imaging Study.

White matter disruption has been repeatedly documented in schizophrenia consistent with microstructural disorganization (reduced fractional anisotropy (FA)) and axonal dysfunction (reduced N-acetylaspartate NAAc). However, the clinical significance of these abnormalities is poorly understood. Diffusion tensor and proton spectroscopic imaging where used to assess FA, axial diffusivity and radial diffusivity (RD), and supra-ventricular white matter NAAc, respectively, in 64 schizophrenia and 64 healthy subjects.

Increased glutamine in patients undergoing long-term treatment for schizophrenia: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study at 3 T.

Importance: The N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor hypofunction model of schizophrenia predicts a paradoxical increase in synaptic glutamate release. In vivo measurement of glutamatergic neurotransmission in humans is challenging, but glutamine, the principal metabolite of synaptic glutamate, can be quantified with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Although a few studies have measured glutamate, glutamine, and glutamine to glutamate ratio, it is not clear which of these 1H-MRS indices of glutamatergic neurotransmission is altered in schizophrenia.

Poly[tetra-aqua-(5-hy-droxy-pyridin-1-ium-3-carboxyl-ato-κO (3))tris-(μ-oxalato-κ(4) O (1),O (2):O (1'),O (2'))dieuropium(III)].

In the title compound, [Eu2(C6H5NO3)2(C2O4)3(H2O)4] n , the Eu(III) atom is bonded to one O atom from a monodentate 5-hy-droxy-pyridin-1-ium-3-carboxyl-ate ligand, six O atoms from three oxalate ligands and two water mol-ecules, exhibiting a highly distorted tricapped trigonal geometry. Three independent oxalate ligands, each lying on an inversion center, bridge the Eu(III) atoms, forming a brickwall-like layer parallel to (001), which is stabilized by intra-layer O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The layers are further linked through inter-layer O-H⋯O and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and π-π inter-actions between the pyridine rings [centroid-centroid distance = 3.

Poly[[diaqua-bis-(μ-oxalato-κ(4)O(1),O(2):O(1'),O(2'))bis-(μ(3)-5-oxidopyridin-1-ium-3-carboxyl-ato-κ(3)O(3):O(3'):O(5))diholmium(III)] dihydrate].

In the title compound, {[Ho(2)(C(6)H(4)NO(3))(2)(C(2)O(4))(2)(H(2)O)(2)]·2H(2)O}(n), the Ho(III) atom is coordinated by three O atoms from three 5-hy-droxy-nicotinate ligands, four O atoms from two oxalate ligands, each lying on an inversion center, and one water mol-ecule in a distorted square-anti-prismatic geometry. The 5-hy-droxy-nicotinate ligand is protonated at the N atom and deprotonated at the hy-droxy group. The Ho(III) atoms are bridged by the carboxyl-ate and phenolate O atoms, forming a three-dimensional framework.

Reliability of the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in resting state fMRI in chronic schizophrenia.

The resting state amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) in functional magnetic resonance imaging has been shown to be reliable in healthy subjects, and to correlate with antipsychotic treatment response in antipsychotic-naïve schizophrenia patients. We found moderate to high test-retest stability of ALFF in chronically treated schizophrenia patients assessed twice over a median interval of 2.5 months.

Tetra-kis(μ-5-bromo-nicotinato)-κO,O':O';κO:O,O';κO:O'-bis-[diaqua-(5-bromo-nicotinato-κO,O')neodymium(III)] dihydrate.

In the title compound, [Nd(2)(C(6)H(3)BrNO(2))(6)(H(2)O)(4)]·2H(2)O, the Nd(III) ion is coordinated by nine O atoms from one chelating 5-bromo-nicotinate ligand, four bridging 5-bromo-nicotinate ligands and two water mol-ecules, exhibiting a distorted three-capped triangular-prismatic geometry. Two Nd(III) ions are bridged by four carboxyl-ate groups in bi- and tridentate modes, forming a centrosymmetric dinuclear unit, with an Nd⋯Nd distance of 4.0021 (5) Å, and intra-molecular π-π inter-actions between the pyridine rings [centroid-centroid distance = 3.