Incidence, Outcomes, and Risk Factors for Isoniazid-Resistant Tuberculosis from 2012 to 2022 in Eastern China.

Background: Isoniazid-resistant, rifampicin-susceptible tuberculosis (Hr-TB) is the most frequent drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) in the world, and unfavorable outcomes of Hr-TB are more common compared to drug-susceptible TB. Considering there is no optimal regimen accepted worldwide, we undertook a retrospective cohort study in eastern China to estimate incidence trends and risk factors associated with unfavorable outcomes of Hr-TB.

Methods: Between January 2012 and December 2022, all Hr-TB patients' information was extracted from the Tuberculosis Information Management System (TIMS), which is a national electronic information platform, to record TB patients' clinical information in this study.

Latent tuberculosis infection and infection-associated risk factors for miner workers with silicosis in eastern China.

Objectives: Silicosis people are at high risk of developing pulmonary tuberculosis. Whether silica exposure increases the likelihood of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) was not well understood, and potential factors involved in LTBI risk among silicosis people were not evaluated before. Thus, LTBI among silicosis people and potential risk factors for LTBI among silicosis people were evaluated in this study.

Smoking Exposure and the Risk of Latent Tuberculosis Infection: Results from NHANES 2011-2012.

The association between smoking exposure and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) has been investigated in a few studies; however, further investigation is needed. In this study, the 2011-2012 NHANES population was used to evaluate smoking exposure and LTBI risk. A total of 7042 participants with available LTBI results and without active tuberculosis were included for analysis.

Long non-coding RNA expression in PBMCs of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis.

Purpose: infection is the primary cause of the chronic infectious illness tuberculosis (TB). Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are functional RNA molecules that cannot be translated into proteins and play a crucial role in regulating the immune system's innate and adaptive responses. It has been demonstrated that the dysregulation of lncRNA expression is associated with various human diseases.

The association between diabetes status and latent-TB IGRA levels from a cross-sectional study in eastern China.

Background: There is a debate regarding the sensitivity of the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT) among people with diabetes, and prior studies have shown heterogeneous results. We evaluated whether the QFT TB antigen was modified among persons with differing diabetes status and other related risk factors.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of 5,302 people was conducted to screen latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in eastern China.

Relapse or Re-Infection, the Situation of Recurrent Tuberculosis in Eastern China.

Purpose: Recurrent tuberculosis (TB) is defined by more than one TB episode per patient and is caused by re-infection with a new (Mtb) strain or relapse with the previous strain. Recurrence of TB is one important obstacle for End TB strategy in the world and elucidating the triggers of recurrence is important for the current TB control strategy in China. This study aimed to analyze the sources of recurrent TB by the molecular genotyping method.

A retrospective cohort study of isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis treatment outcomes and isoniazid resistance-associated mutations in eastern China from 2013 to 2018.

Objectives: The current situation of isoniazid-resistant, rifampicin-susceptible tuberculosis (Hr-TB) and associated genetic factors is not clear in China.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted from 2013 to 2018 in Jiangsu Province, China. Phenotypic Hr-TB were identified by drug susceptibility testing on Lowenstein-Jensen medium and using a Mycobacterium Growth Indicator Tube 960 (MGIT 960) system, and mutations in the katG 315 codon and inhA promoter nucleotides -8, -15 and -16 were determined by GenoType MTBDRplus and sequencing.

A Common Variant of Is Associated with Tuberculosis Susceptibility in the Han Chinese Population.

Background: (also known as AMAP1 or DDEF1) encodes an Arf GTPase-activating protein (Arf GAP), a multifunctional scaffold protein that induces hydrolysis of GTP bound to the ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf) family GTP-binding proteins. Reduction of expression in vitro was related to suppression of cell migration and invasiveness. The genetic variant rs4733781 of the gene was revealed as a significant locus for tuberculosis (TB) susceptibility, but the results still need to be validated.

pncA gene mutations in reporting pyrazinamide resistance among the MDR-TB suspects.

Mutations in pncA gene contributing to PZA resistance was not clearly elucidated in China. To reveal the correlated mutations of pncA gene on pyrazinamide (PZA) resistance. 148 Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates were included from multi-drug resistant tuberculosis suspects.

Dickkopf-1 has an Inhibitory Effect on Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Fibroblast Differentiation.

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are bone marrow stem cells which play an important role in tissue repair. The treatment with MSCs will be likely to aggravate the degree of fibrosis. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is involved in developmental and physiological processes, such as fibrosis.

The epidemiology and geographic distribution of nontuberculous mycobacteria clinical isolates from sputum samples in the eastern region of China.

Background: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have been reported to be increasing worldwide and its geographic distribution differs by region. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology and distribution of NTM in the eastern part of China.

Methods: Sputum samples were collected from 30 surveillance sites for tuberculosis drug resistance test from May 1, 2008 to December 31, 2008.

Diagnostic value of GeneChip for detection of resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with differing treatment histories.

The increasing burden of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) poses an escalating threat to national TB control programs. To assist appropriate treatment for TB patients, accurate and rapid detection of drug resistance is critical. The GeneChip test is a novel molecular tool for the diagnosis of TB drug resistance.

Genotypes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in rural China: using MIRU-VNTR and spoligotyping methods.

Background: The genotypes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) have been found to be related to the risk of transmission and the development of drug resistance of this pathogen. Thus, exploring the molecular characteristics of MTB is helpful for understanding and controlling the spread of strains in areas with a high incidence of tuberculosis.

Methods: We recruited 512 sputum smear-positive tuberculosis patients from 30 counties from 1 April to 30 June 2010; 503 MTB strains were isolated and 497 were successfully genotyped.

Rates and risk factors for drug resistance tuberculosis in Northeastern China.

Background: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) has emerged as a major challenge toward TB control and prevention. In Lianyungang city, the extent and trend of drug resistant TB is not well known. The objective of the survey was to assess drug resistance pattern of MTB and risk factors for drug resistant TB, including multidrug resistance tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in this area.

Evaluation of biochip system in determining isoniazid and rifampicin resistances of mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum samples.

Objective: To evaluate a biochip system in determining isoniazid and rifampicin resistances of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum samples in a Chinese population.

Methods: We assembled 907 sputum smeared positive specimens of tuberculosis patients in total. Each sample would be separated into two parts for culture and biochip assay simultaneously.

Molecular typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates circulating in Jiangsu province, China.

Background: Globally, China is the second place with high burden of tuberculosis (TB). To explore the characteristics of the pathogens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) circulating in this area is helpful for understanding and controlling the spread of the strains. Recent developments in molecular biology have allowed prompt identification and tracking specific strains of MTB spreading through the population.

Epidemiology of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in a Chinese population: current situation and challenges ahead.

Background: Drug resistance has been a cause of concern for tuberculosis (TB) control in both developed and developing countries. Careful monitoring of the patterns and trends of drug resistance should remain a priority.

Methods: Strains were collected from 1824 diagnosed sputum smear positive pulmonary TB patients in Jiangsu province of China and then tested for drug susceptibility against rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol and streptomycin.