Background: Allo-HSCT is a curative therapy for patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT). The high incidence of transplant-related complications is becoming an obstacle to safe and effective unrelated donor (URD) transplantation.
Methods: In this retrospective study, we reported the survival outcomes and complications of transplantation in thalassemia patients using a novel regimen consisting of pre-transplantation immunosuppression (PTIS) and modified myeloablative conditioning based on intravenous busulfan, cyclophosphamide, fludarabine, and rabbit anti-human thymocyte immunoglobulin.
Pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is a highly heterogeneous disease. According to large-scale RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data, B-ALL patients can be divided into more than 10 subgroups. However, many genomic defects associated with resistance mechanisms have not yet been identified.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReactions for drug synthesis under cell-like conditions or even inside living cells can potentially be used e.g., to minimize toxic side effects, to maximize bioactive compound efficacy and/or to address drug delivery problems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Prompt response to induction chemotherapy is a prognostic factor in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of multiparametric flow cytometry-minimal residual disease (MFC-MRD), assessed at the end of the first and second induction courses.
Methods: MFC-MRD was performed at the end of the first induction (TP1) in 524 patients and second induction (TP2) in 467 patients who were treated according to the modified Medical Research Council (UK) acute myeloid leukemia 15 protocol.
Background: It is known that - is usually related to favorable prognosis, but aberration has been associated with poor prognosis among pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, the outcome of coexistence of - and aberration in pediatric ALL patients is unknown. Herein, we report 4 cases of the coexistence of - and -partial tandem duplications (-PTD) in pediatric ALL patients and show the favorable outcome, which was never reported before.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF: To determine associations between allogeneic blood transfusion (ABT) during the intensive induction phase of therapy and prognostic effect in a real-world cohort of pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). : A total of 749 pediatric patients who were diagnosed with ALL were enrolled in this study by using a single-center retrospective cohort study method from February 2008 to May 2022. : Among the ABT patients, 711 (94.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: To explore the outcome and prognostic factors between inv(16) and t(8;21) disrupt core binding factor (CBF) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
Methods: The clinical characteristic, probability of achieving complete remission (CR), overall survival (OS) and cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) were compared between inv(16) and (8;21).
Results: The CR rate was 95.
Background: ASXL1 mutation is an independent prognostic factor in adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but its effect on the prognosis of pediatric AML is poorly understood.
Aims: This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of ASXL1-mutant pediatric AML from a large Chinese multicenter cohort.
Methods: A total of 584 pediatric patients with newly diagnosed AML from 10 centers in South China were enrolled.
Supramolecular recognition of nucleotides would enable manipulating crucial biochemical pathways like transcription and translation directly and with high precision. Therefore, it offers great promise in medicinal applications, not least in treating cancer or viral infections. This work presents a universal supramolecular approach to target nucleoside phosphates in nucleotides and RNA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The long-term overall survival of children with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is limited to approximately 80-85% because of a high incidence of relapse after achieving remission with intensive chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Novel treatment strategies inducing long-term remission are needed to improve the outcome. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) have been reported to be effective in a series of T-ALL cases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMolecular generation (MG) machine learning (ML) has speeded drug structural optimization, especially for targets with a large amount of reported bioactivity data. However, molecular generation for structural optimization is often powerless for new targets. DNA-encoded library (DEL) can generate systematic, target-specific activity data, including novel targets with few or unknown activity data.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: To evaluate the prognostic factors and outcome for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children with MLL rearrangement (MLL-r).
Methods: A total of 124 pediatric patients who were diagnosed with ALL were classified into two groups based on the MLL-r status by using a retrospective case-control study method from June 2008 to June 2020.
Results: The prevalence of MLL-r positive in the whole cohort was 4.
Background: Umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) from unrelated donors is one of the successful treatments for acute leukemia in childhood. The most frequent side effect of UCBT is peri-engraftment syndrome (PES), which is directly associated with the greater prevalence of acute and chronic graft-versus-host-disease (aGvHD and cGvHD). In haploidentical stem cell transplantation, posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCY) has been demonstrated to be an effective method against GvHD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDrug discovery has entered a new period of vigorous development with advanced technologies such as DNA-encoded library (DEL) and artificial intelligence (AI). The previous DEL-AI combination has been successfully applied in the drug discovery of classical kinase and receptor targets mainly based on the known scaffold. So far, there is no report of the DEL-AI combination on inhibitors targeting protein-protein interaction, including those undruggable targets with few or unknown active scaffolds.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFElevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and deficient mitochondria are two weak points of cancer cells. Their simultaneous targeting is a valid therapeutic strategy to design highly potent anticancer drugs. The remaining challenge is to limit the drug effects to cancer cells without affecting normal ones.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRadiotherapy (RT) efficacy can be improved by using radiosensitizers, i.e., drugs enhancing the effect of ionizing radiation (IR).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: To analyzed the outcome of ETV6/RUNX1-positive pediatric acute B lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) with the aim of identifying prognostic value.
Method: A total of 2,530 pediatric patients who were diagnosed with B-ALL were classified into two groups based on the ETV6/RUNX1 status by using a retrospective cohort study method from February 28, 2008, to June 30, 2020, at 22 participating ALL centers.
Results: In total, 461 (18.
Thalidomide has been reported as a promising treatment for reducing transfusion volume in adults with β-thalassemia. However, the evidence about the safety and efficacy of thalidomide on children with transfusion dependent β-thalassemia (TDT) is scarce. Seventy-seven children with TDT treated with thalidomide at least for 6 months were included and retrospectively analyzed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Pyruvate kinase deficiency (PKD) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a PK-LR gene mutation. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is an effective cure for PKD. However, the experience of applying HCT in PKD is limited.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Cytokine storms are central to the development of Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (EBV-HLH). Previous studies have shown that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of cytokine genes may be associated with the development of EBV-HLH in children. As such, we investigated the association between susceptibility to EBV-HLH in children and SNPs and haplotypes of genes encoding interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha (IL2RA), interleukin-10 (IL10), interferon gamma (IFNG), interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5), and C-C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe folding and export of proteins and hydrolysis of unfolded proteins are disbalanced in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of cancer cells, leading to so-called ER stress. Agents further augmenting this effect are used as anticancer drugs including clinically approved proteasome inhibitors bortezomib and carfilzomib. However, these drugs can affect normal cells, which also rely strongly on ER functions, leading, for example, to accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The prognosis of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is optimistic with a 5-year event-free survival (EFS) rate of 70-85%. However, the major causes of mortality are chemotherapy toxicity, infection and relapse. The Guangdong (GD)-2008-ALL collaborative protocol was carried out to study the effect of reduced intensity on treatment related mortality (TRM) based on Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster (BFM) 2002 backbone treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Early-onset mixed chimerism (MC) with a high proportion of residual host cells is considered a signal of graft rejection in patients undergoing allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for transfusion-dependent thalassemia. In order to prevent graft rejection and minimize the risk of treatment-related graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), we established a hierarchical management system based on chimerism analysis.
Method: This retrospective study provides a comprehensive review of the characteristics, interventions, and outcomes of the 38 patients who developed MC after transplantation among the 144 pediatric thalassemia patients between July 2007 and January 2019 at our center.