Hypercapnia promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation in microglia by activating P2X7R after lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Background: Sepsis is an uncontrolled inflammatory response to infection and is closely associated with the occurrence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Low tidal volume lung ventilation and permissive hypercapnia is a recognized therapy for ARDS. However, whether permissive hypercapnia aggravates sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) remains unclear.

Shenfu Injection Mediated NLRP3/Caspase 1 Through (R)-Norcoclaurinee Alleviates Sepsis-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction.

Background: Shenfu injection (SF) has demonstrated its potential to enhance cellular immunity and induce clinical regression in patients suffering from sepsis or infectious shock. However, the therapeutic effect of SF on sepsis-induced cognitive dysfunction (SAE) and the mechanisms involved are still unclear. We aimed to investigate the mechanism of SF in mice with SAE.

Clusterin attenuates blood-brain barrier damage and cognitive impairment by inhibiting astrocyte aging in mice with sepsis-associated encephalopathy.

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a severe complication of sepsis, however, its exact mechanism remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate whether clusterin is essential to the development of SAE during the aging process of astrocytes. In the study, septic mice were established with cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and lipopolysaccharides were applied to astrocytes in vitro.

Hyperglycemia induces microglial pyroptosis by increasing oxygen extraction rate: Implication in neurological impairment during ischemic stroke.

Elevated levels of blood glucose in patients with ischemic stroke are associated with a worse prognosis. The present study aimed to explore whether hyperglycemia promotes microglial pyroptosis by increasing the oxygen extraction rate in an acute ischemic stroke model. C57BL/6 mice that underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion were used for assessment of blood glucose level and neurological function.

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency masked by septic shock-induced lactic acidosis: a case report.

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) deficiency is a common genetic disorder leading to lactic acidosis, which can also result from several nongenetic conditions, such as septic shock. The present study reports a case of PDHC deficiency masked by septic shock-induced lactic acidosis. This case involved a 16-year-old adolescent with poor exercise tolerance compared with his peers, and no underlying diseases.

Heat stress induces IL-1β and IL-18 overproduction via ROS-activated NLRP3 inflammasome: implication in neuroinflammation in mice with heat stroke.

Heat stroke induced cerebral damage via neuroinflammation. This study aimed to approach whether heat stress would promote NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome via reactive oxygen species (ROS). The mice were randomly divided into the sham group, the heat stress group, and the heat stress + TEMPOL (ROS scavenger) group.

Bacterial DNA metabolism analysis by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) after treatment of bloodstream infection.

Background: With the advent of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), the time of DNA metabolism can be explored after bacteria be killed. In this study, we applied mNGS in investigation of the clearance profile of circulating bacteria DNA.

Methods: All of the rabbits were injected with the inactivated Escherichia coli.

[Predictive value of sepsis-induced coagulopathy score on 30-day mortality in septic patients].

Objective: To evaluate the predictive effect of sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC) score level on the prognosis of septic patients under sepsis 3.0 criteria.

Methods: A retrospective single-center observational study was conducted on the septic patients admitted to the department of critical care medicine and the department of emergency in Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital from August 2016 to July 2021.

Human albumin aggravates cerebral edema by disrupting the blood‑brain barrier in a rat model of ischemic stroke.

Cerebral edema and elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) are common complications observed following ischemic stroke. Osmotherapy has been used as a foundation to manage ICP induced by cerebral edema, and albumin is one of the most commonly used osmotic agents. The present study aimed to explore whether albumin lowered ICP by reducing cerebral edema when albumin elevated the colloid osmotic pressure (COP) of plasma.

Bradykinin/bradykinin 1 receptor promotes brain microvascular endothelial cell permeability and proinflammatory cytokine release by downregulating Wnt3a.

Stroke is a life-threatening disease with limited therapeutic options. Damage to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the key pathological feature of ischemic stroke. This study explored the role of the bradykinin (BK)/bradykinin 1 receptor (B1R) and its mechanism of action in the BBB.

Association between the LRP5 rs556442 gene polymorphism and the risks of NAFLD and CHD in a Chinese Han population.

Background: Multiple studies have demonstrated the involvement of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) in metabolism-related diseases. This study explored the relationship between the LRP5 rs556442 gene polymorphism and the risks of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and coronary heart disease (CHD) in a Chinese Han population.

Methods: This retrospective case-control study included 247 patients with NAFLD, 200 patients with CHD, 118 patients with both NAFLD and CHD, and 339 healthy controls from June 2018 to June 2019 at Qingdao Municipal Hospital.

Exosome-Derived lncRNA NEAT1 Exacerbates Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy by Promoting Ferroptosis Through Regulating miR-9-5p/TFRC and GOT1 Axis.

Sepsis can cause sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE), but whether SAE was induced or exacerbated by ferroptosis remains unknown. In this study, the rat sepsis model was constructed using the cecal ligation and puncture method. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability was measured by Evans blue dye (EBD) in vivo.

Fisetin ameliorates cognitive impairment by activating mitophagy and suppressing neuroinflammation in rats with sepsis-associated encephalopathy.

Background: Fisetin, the effective ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicine named Cotinus coggygria, is recommended to be active therapeutic in many disorders. However, its role in sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) remains unclarified.

Methods: Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) operation was performed to establish a rat model of SAE.

Incidence and detection of high microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer in a Chinese population: a meta-analysis.

Background: The 4 most common types of DNA mutations in tumors are single-nucleotide variations, insertion-deletion, fusion, and copy number variations. This is followed by microsatellite instability (MSI), which is known to trigger the development of MSI-high (MSI-H) cancer and is responsible for 300,000 new cases of cancer per year in China. We aim to conduct a meta-analysis based on a comparison between the positive rates of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) panel (also known as 2B3D NCI panel) and mononucleotide panels for the diagnosis of MSI in the Chinese population.

Maf1 Ameliorates Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy by Suppressing the NF-B/NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling Pathway.

Background: The NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been identified as an important mediator of blood-brain-barrier disruption in sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). However, no information is available concerning the critical upstream regulators of SAE.

Methods: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to establish an model of blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and an model of SAE.

JAK/STAT signaling pathway-mediated microRNA-181b promoted blood-brain barrier impairment by targeting sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 in septic rats.

Background: Blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). However, the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the regulatory relationship between the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway, microRNA (miR)-181b and its target genes in sepsis and .

Elevated intracranial pressure induces IL‑1β and IL‑18 overproduction via activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia of ischemic adult rats.

Elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) is one of the most common complications following an ischemic stroke, and has implications for the clinical and neurological outcomes. The aim of the present study was to examine whether elevated ICP may increase IL‑1β and IL‑18 secretion by activating the NOD‑like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in microglia of ischemic adult rats. Sprague‑Dawley rats that underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion were used for assessment of ICP.

PD-1 in Tregs predicts the survival in sepsis patients using sepsis-3 criteria: A prospective, two-stage study.

Background: The expression of Tregs co-signaling molecules serves as the marker of immune dysfunction. The present study aimed to verify their predictive role in the 28-day mortality of sepsis patients.

Methods: A prospective, observational, two-stage cohort study was conducted.

[Mechanism of resveratrol on ameliorating the cognitive dysfunction induced by sepsis associated encephalopathy in rats].

Objective: To explore the mechanism of resveratrol on ameliorating the cognitive dysfunction induced by sepsis associated encephalopathy (SAE) in rats.

Methods: The 12 weeks old male Sprague-dawley (SD) male rats were randomly divided into sham group, sepsis group and resveratrol group, with 30 rats in each group. The rat model of sepsis was made by injecting LPS (10 mg/kg) into tail vein.

Effects of dexmedetomidine on heart rate control and pre-operative outcome in patients with acute aortic dissection: a propensity-matched analysis.

Background: The total survival rate in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD) has been greatly improved because of surgical technique advances. However, the pre-operative mortality rate remained high. In this study, we sought to evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on heart rate control and preoperative outcome in AAD.

Hypercapnia promotes microglial pyroptosis via inhibiting mitophagy in hypoxemic adult rats.

Background: Hypoxemia is a typical symptom of acute respiratory distress syndrome. To avoid pulmonary morbidity, low tidal volume ventilation is often applied. The ventilation strategy will certainly cause hypercapnia.