Comparing the Efficacy of Empirical Anti-Infective Therapy and Follow-Up Observation for Newly Diagnosed Pulmonary Ground-Glass Nodules With Suspected Inflammatory Etiology: A Multicenter Prospective Observational Study Protocol.

Background And Aims: The optimal management strategy for newly diagnosed pulmonary ground-glass nodules (GGNs) with suspected inflammatory etiology remains controversial in clinical practice. Empirical anti-inflammatory therapy is commonly used, but its efficacy compared with that of follow-up observation lacks high-quality evidence. Therefore, this study aims to compare the effectiveness of empirical anti-infective therapy and follow-up observation for pulmonary GGNs in real-world settings.

Efficient CRISPR-mediated genome editing can be initiated by embryonic injection but not by ovarian delivery in the beetle Tribolium castaneum.

The clustered regularly interspaced small palindromic repeats (CRISPR) / CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9)-mediated gene editing technology has revolutionized the study of fundamental biological questions in various insects. Diverse approaches have been developed to deliver the single-guide RNA (sgRNA) and Cas9 to the nucleus of insect embryos or oocytes to achieve gene editing, including the predominant embryonic injection methods and alternative protocols through parental ovary delivery. However, a systematic comparative study of these approaches is limited, especially within a given insect.

Operative timing and the safety of emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A retrospective analysis.

The ideal operative timing for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) remains controversial, particularly in emergency patients. This study aimed to evaluate the necessity of operative timing for emergency LC. One hundred ninety-four patients who had undergone operative timings were classified into groups of <72h and >72h from the onset of symptoms to the operation.

Plants affect the horizontal transmission of a new densovirus infecting the green peach aphid Myzus persicae by modulating honeydew production.

In a tritrophic context of plant-insect-entomopathogen, plants play important roles in modulating the interaction of insects and their pathogenic viruses. Currently, the influence of plants on the transmission of insect viruses has been mainly studied on baculoviruses and some RNA viruses, whereas the impact of plants on other insect viruses is largely unknown. Here, we identified a new densovirus infecting the green peach aphid Myzus persicae and tested whether and how host plants influence the transmission of the aphid densovirus.

Influence of diverse storage conditions of double-stranded RNA in vitro on the RNA interference efficiency in vivo insect Tribolium castaneum.

Background: A significant variation in RNA interference (RNAi) efficiency hinders further functional gene studies and pest control application in many insects. The available double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules introduced into the target cells are regarded as the crucial factor for efficient RNAi response. However, numerous studies have only focused on dsRNA stability in vivo; it is uncertain whether different dsRNA storage conditions in vitro play a role in variable RNAi efficiency among insects.

Clinicopathological difference between gastric cancer in the lesser curvature and gastric cancer in the greater curvature.

Gastric cancer (GC) is a heterogeneous disease; the tumor distribution and molecular subtype could affect the prognosis of patients with GC. However, the clinicopathological difference between GC in the lesser and that in the greater curvature remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the difference and provide new clues for the treatment of GC.

Genome-Wide Identification of Neuropeptides and Their Receptors in an Aphid Endoparasitoid Wasp, .

In insects, neuropeptides and their receptors not only play a critical role in insect physiology and behavior but also are the potential targets for novel pesticide discoveries. is one of the most important and widespread aphid parasitoids, and has been successfully used to control aphid. In the present work, we systematically identified neuropeptides and their receptors from the genome and head transcriptome of .

Aspartate-β-alanine-NBAD pathway regulates pupal melanin pigmentation plasticity of ladybird Harmonia axyridis.

Phenotypic plasticity is observed in many animal species and it is effective for them to cope with many types of environmental threats. The multicolored Asian ladybird Harmonia axyridis shows a cuticular pigmentation plasticity that can be rapidly induced by temperature changes, and in the form of changeable melanin spot patterns to adjust heat-absorbing. Here, H.

Single-Agent Versus Double-Agent Chemotherapy in Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Prospective, Randomized, Multicenter Phase II Clinical Trial.

Lessons Learned: The efficacy of single-agent chemotherapy was not significantly different from that of double-agent chemotherapy in concurrent chemoradiotherapy for inoperable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Single-agent concurrent chemoradiotherapy had lower gastrointestinal and hematologic toxicity. Overall survival and progression-free survival were not significantly different between single- and double-agent concurrent chemoradiotherapy.

Superficially Similar Adaptation Within One Species Exhibits Similar Morphological Specialization but Different Physiological Regulations and Origins.

Animals have developed numerous strategies to contend with environmental pressures. We observed that the same adaptation strategy may be used repeatedly by one species in response to a certain environmental challenge. The ladybird displays thermal phenotypic plasticity at different developmental stages.

Abdominal-B regulates structure and development of the Harmonia axyridis cremaster.

The ladybird Harmonia axyridis is an insect that exhibits pupal attachment to plants, which facilitates development and environmental adaptation. The cremaster is highly specialized for this behavior. However, the underlying molecular regulation of the cremaster remains unclear; therefore, we performed experiments to investigate the transcriptional regulation of cremaster development.

Candidate genetic determinants of intraspecific variation in pea aphid susceptibility to RNA interference.

RNA interference (RNAi) plays a key role in insect defense against viruses and transposable elements, and it is being applied as an experimental tool and for insect pest control. However, RNAi efficiency is highly variable for some insects, notably the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. In this study, we used natural variation in RNAi susceptibility of pea aphids to identify genes that influence RNAi efficiency.

The L-DOPA/Dopamine Pathway Transgenerationally Regulates Cuticular Melanization in the Pea Aphid .

Maternal phenotypic regulations between different generations of aphid species help aphids to adapt to environmental challenges. The pea aphid has been used as a biological model for studies on phenotypic regulation for adaptation, and its alternative phenotypes are typically and physiologically based on maternal effects. We have observed an artificially induced and host-related maternal effect that may be a new aspect to consider in maternal regulation studies using .

Isolation and characterization of Pseudomonas cedrina infecting Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae).

The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, is one of the most destructive pests worldwide and its management relies exclusively on frequent application of chemical insecticides. Resistance to common insecticides is now widespread, and novel classes of insecticides are needed. Entomopathogenic bacteria and their related products play an important role in the management of this pest.

Effect of Sublethal Doses of Imidacloprid on the Biological Performance of Aphid Endoparasitoid (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) and Influence on Its Related Gene Expression.

The integrated pest management (IPM) strategy was developed and used in combination with pesticides and beneficial biological control agents. To further develop IPM efficiency, it is important to evaluate the side effects of pesticides on biological control agents. is one of the most important aphid natural enemies and has been successfully used to control and other aphid species.

Infection of Powdery Mildew Reduces the Fitness of Grain Aphids () Through Restricted Nutrition and Induced Defense Response in Wheat.

In natural ecological systems, plants are often simultaneously attacked by both insects and pathogens, which can affect each other's performance and the interactions can be extended to higher trophic levels, such as parasitoids. The English grain aphid () and powdery mildew ( f. sp.

Volatile β-Ocimene Can Regulate Developmental Performance of Peach Aphid Through Activation of Defense Responses in Chinese Cabbage .

In nature, plants have evolved sophisticated defense mechanisms against the attack of pathogens and insect herbivores. Plant volatile-mediated plant-to-plant communication has been assessed in multitrophic systems in different plant species and different pest species. β-ocimene is recognized as an herbivore-induced plant volatile that play an important role in the chemical communication between plants and pests.

Comparison of the clinical efficacy between single-agent and dual-agent concurrent chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of unresectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a multicenter retrospective analysis.

Background: Some Chinese patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinomaare often treated with single-agent concurrent chemoradiotherapy. However, no results have been reported from randomized controlled clinical trials comparing single-agent with double-agent concurrent chemoradiotherapy. It therefore remains unclear whether these regimens are equally clinically effective.

S-1 versus S-1 plus cisplatin concurrent intensity modulated radiation therapy in the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Study protocol for a randomized controlled phase II trial.

Introduction: Chemotherapy regimens are often a 2-drug regimen in concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy for esophageal cancer (EC). However, some retrospective studies have suggested that for patients with EC receiving radiotherapy combined with 2-drug chemotherapy have the severe toxicity. And S-1 alone with the combination of radiotherapy treatment effect is good, and achieved good clinical remission rate.

The Potential Coordination of the Heat-Shock Proteins and Antioxidant Enzyme Genes of in Response to Thermal Stress.

is one of the most important aphid natural enemies and has been successfully used to control and other aphid species. High temperature in summer is one of the key barriers for the application of in the field and greenhouse. In this work, we investigated the biological performance of and the response of heat-shock proteins and antioxidant enzymes under high temperature.

Identification and expression analysis of chemosensory receptor genes in an aphid endoparasitoid Aphidius gifuensis.

Olfaction and gustation play critical roles during the host-location search process of insects. Several chemosensory receptor genes are thought to be involved in providing specificity to the olfactory sensory neuron responses. The aphid endoparasitoid, Aphidius gifuensis, has been used as a biological control agent against a variety of aphid species; this parasitoid is able to detect its target host(s) effectively during the parasitic process.

Deciphering the Function of Octopaminergic Signaling on Wing Polyphenism of the Pea Aphid .

Aphids exhibit wing polyphenism (winged or wingless) for adaption to predictable or temporally heterogeneous environmental changes; however, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. This morphological change could be stimulated by high aphid density, which in turn could affect octopaminergic signaling in aphids. Octopamine is a neurotransmitter synthesized in insects that can modify their physiological metabolism, locomotion, and other behaviors.

Strategies used by two apterous strains of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum for passive dispersal.

Wingless forms of aphids are relatively sedentary, and have a limited ability to migrate or disperse. However, they can drop off hosts or walk away if disturbed, or their food quality or quantity become deteriorated. Earlier, we found that the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris, 1776), could use differed strategies to escape danger and locate new host plants.

Winged Pea Aphids Can Modify Phototaxis in Different Development Stages to Assist Their Host Distribution.

The pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), shows wing polyphenism (winged and wingless morphs) in its life cycle. The winged morph is adapted for dispersal; its two developmental adult stages (for dispersal and reproduction) are based on its breeding periods. The two morphs show different phototactic behavior and the winged can change its preference to light according to the developmental stages.

Pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum sequesters plant-derived secondary metabolite L-DOPA for wound healing and UVA resistance.

Herbivores can ingest and store plant-synthesized toxic compounds in their bodies, and sequester those compounds for their own benefits. The broad bean, Vicia faba L., contains a high quantity of L-DOPA (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine), which is toxic to many insects.