Reactive Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Interfacial Evolution Behavior of Amorphous Silica under an Atomic Oxygen Impact.

Using reactive molecular dynamics simulations, the protective limit, erosion mechanism, and surface mechanical properties of amorphous silica material under an extreme atomic oxygen (AO) impact are studied in this paper. The results show that the AO erosion process consists of two distinct stages: the absorption stage and the sublimation stages, with the transition occurring at a surface temperature of about 4200 K. High-energy and high-flux AO impacts shorten the duration of the absorption stage due to increased penetration (30 eV AO penetrating up to 4 Å of material), a high heating rate (230 K/ps), and enhanced chemical reactivity, leading to a reduction in material's protective performance.

[Effects of personalized oral stents in intensity-modulated radiation therapy treatment].

Purpose: To explore the effects of personalized oral stents in intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatment.

Methods: Totally 108 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with IMRT at Nanjing Gaochun People's Hospital from January 2021 to December 2023 were selected. Using a random number table method, the patients were divided into experimental group (n=54) using personalized oral stents and control group (n=54) using simple mouthpieces.

Hydrogel-Based Network Metamaterials with Biological Tissue-like Poisson's Ratio Behavior and Stress Response.

Soft network metamaterials are widely used in fields such as flexible electronics, tissue engineering, and biomedicine due to their superior properties including low density, high stretchability, and high breathability. However, the prediction and customization of the nonlinear mechanical behavior of soft network metamaterials remain a challenging problem. In this study, a family of hydrogel-based network metamaterials with biological tissue-like mechanical properties are developed based on a machine learning-driven optimization design method.

Five-Site Water Models for Ice and Liquid Water Generated by a Series-Parallel Machine Learning Strategy.

Icing, a common natural phenomenon, always originates from a molecule. Molecular simulation is crucial for understanding the relevant process but still faces a great challenge in obtaining a uniform and accurate description of ice and liquid water with limited model parameters. Here, we propose a series-parallel machine learning (ML) approach consisting of a classification back-propagation neural network (BPNN), parallel regression BPNNs, and a genetic algorithm to establish conventional TIP5P-BG and temperature-dependent TIP5P-BGT models.

Generative adversarial networks synthetic optical coherence tomography images as an education tool for image diagnosis of macular diseases: a randomized trial.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of generative adversarial networks (GANs) in creating synthetic OCT images as an educational tool for teaching image diagnosis of macular diseases to medical students and ophthalmic residents.

Methods: In this randomized trial, 20 fifth-year medical students and 20 ophthalmic residents were enrolled and randomly assigned (1:1 allocation) into Group real OCT and Group GANs OCT. All participants had a pretest to assess their educational background, followed by a 30-min smartphone-based education program using GANs or real OCT images for macular disease recognition training.

Development and evaluation of a large language model of ophthalmology in Chinese.

Background: Large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have considerable implications for various medical applications. However, ChatGPT's training primarily draws from English-centric internet data and is not tailored explicitly to the medical domain. Thus, an ophthalmic LLM in Chinese is clinically essential for both healthcare providers and patients in mainland China.

Clinical observation of a modified technique for intrascleral fixation of flanged three-piece foldable intraocular lenses through a Hoffman pocket.

Purpose: To present the outcomes of a new technique for intrascleral fixation of a flanged three-piece foldable intraocular lens (IOL) without a conjunctival incision.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed a consecutive series of 12 eyes of 12 patients who underwent scleral IOL fixation using this technique.

Results: The follow-up period ranged 3-12 months.

Magnetic Non-Spherical Particles Inducing Vortices in Microchannel for Effective Mixing.

Mixing in microfluidic channels is dominated by diffusion owing to the absence of chaotic flow. However, high-efficiency microscale mixing over short distances is desired for the development of lab-on-chip systems. Here, enhanced mixing in microchannels achieved using magnetic nonspherical particles (MNSPs), is reported.

Inflammatory ocular events after inactivated COVID-19 vaccination.

To report potential vaccine-induced inflammatory ocular adverse events following inactivated COVID-19 vaccination. Retrospective study of patients with uveitis and other ocular complications following inactivated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination at a tertiary referral center between May 2021 and August 2021. Data collection consisted of demographic and clinical data.

Self-Bending Behavior and Varying Bending Stiffness of Black Phosphorus/Molybdenum Disulfide (BP/MoS) Heterostructure.

Vertically-stacked black phosphorus/molybdenum disulfide (BP/MoS) heterostructures have broad prospects in flexible electronics. Bending is a common and highly concerned deformation for these flexible devices. However, the discrepancy in structures and properties among the components of 2D heterostructures often induces complex bending deformations.

Controllable and Gradient Wettability of Bilayer Two-Dimensional Materials Regulated by Interlayer Distance.

Surfaces with controllable and gradient wettability often require an elaborate design of the microstructure or its response under electrical, thermal, optical, pH, and other stimuli. Generally, the wettability change under these physical or chemical effects relies on a complex mechanism that is difficult to be quantitatively described. In this study, an online controlling strategy for surface wettability and the corresponding theoretical model are put forward based on a bilayer graphene-like atomic structure.

Generating Synthesized Ultrasound Biomicroscopy Images from Anterior Segment Optical Coherent Tomography Images by Generative Adversarial Networks for Iridociliary Assessment.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of generating synthesized ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) images from swept-source anterior segment optical coherent tomography (SS-ASOCT) images using a cycle-consistent generative adversarial network framework (CycleGAN) for iridociliary assessment on a cohort presenting for primary angle-closure screening.

Methods: The CycleGAN architecture was adopted to synthesize high-resolution UBM images trained on the SS-ASOCT dataset from the department of ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital. The performance of the CycleGAN model was further tested in two separate datasets using synthetic UBM images from two different ASOCT modalities (in-distribution and out-of-distribution).

One-Year Outcomes of Modified Technique for Scleral Fixation of a Three-Piece Intraocular Lens Without Conjunctival Opening.

Purpose: This study aimed to present the 1-year follow-up of a modified technique for scleral fixation of three-piece intraocular lens (IOLs) without conjunctival incision.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective chart review of a consecutive series of 10 eyes of nine patients who underwent scleral IOL fixation using the modified technique was performed. Data were collected 1 year after surgery for all patients.

A Novel Subfoveal Perfluorocarbon Liquid Removal Technique Combining a 25-Gauge Retrobulbar Needle With a Built-in 30-Gauge Needle.

Introduction: To report a novel combining a 25-gauge retrobulbar needle with a built-in 30-gauge needle surgical technique for subfoveal perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) removal.

Materials And Methods: Fourteen eyes of 14 patients who underwent subfoveal PFCL removal with a 25-gauge retrobulbar needle combined with a built-in 30-gauge needle were studied. The 30-gauge needle was inserted into the 25-gauge retrobulbar needle.

Secondary glaucoma caused by a special type of persistent fetal vasculature.

Purpose: To investigate the clinical features and surgical outcomes in infants with glaucoma secondary to a special anterior-anterior type of persistent fetal vasculature (AAPFV).

Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed the medical records of infants who underwent of the synechialysis, pupilloplasty, with or without lensectomy and limbal vitrectomy due to AAPFV and with at least 6 months of postoperative follow-up.

Results: Eleven patients were included.

Development and Clinical Validation of Semi-Supervised Generative Adversarial Networks for Detection of Retinal Disorders in Optical Coherence Tomography Images Using Small Dataset.

Purpose: To develop and test semi-supervised generative adversarial networks (GANs) that detect retinal disorders on optical coherence tomography (OCT) images using a small-labeled dataset.

Methods: From a public database, we randomly chose a small supervised dataset with 400 OCT images (100 choroidal neovascularization, 100 diabetic macular edema, 100 drusen, and 100 normal) and assigned all other OCT images to unsupervised dataset (107,912 images without labeling). We adopted a semi-supervised GAN and a supervised deep learning (DL) model for automatically detecting retinal disorders from OCT images.

Modified Trisection Technique: One-Trip Explantation for Foldable Intraocular Lens.

Purpose: We present a new technique that allows an intraocular lens to be explanted through the small incisions used in modern cataract surgery.

Methods And Results: The intraocular lens optic is cut into three connected pieces at the 1-mm-wide end with scissors. Then, with the stabilizing counterforce provided by a pair of vitreoretinal forceps through a paracentesis, the middle piece is removed first, followed by the two side pieces connected with haptics flipped over at the connected part.

Biomimetic Janus photonic soft actuator with structural color self-reporting.

Soft actuators with variable signal/color play an important role in the fields of targeted locomotion, artificial phototropism, drug screening, cargo transportation, and interactive sensing. The ability to achieve rapid response, large curvature, wide bending angle, and full-color display continues to be an unresolved challenge for artificial actuating materials. Inspired by the angle-dependent structural color of broad-tailed hummingbird and the Janus wettability of the lotus leaf, a Janus photonic soft actuator (JPSA) was fabricated by integrating an underwater super-oleophilic copper micro-nano array and oil-phobic inverse opal through a Laplace channel.

Influence of Mo Segregation at Grain Boundaries on the High Temperature Creep Behavior of Ni-Mo Alloys: An Atomistic Study.

Based on molecular dynamics simulations, the creep behaviors of nanocrystalline Ni before and after the segregation of Mo atoms at grain boundaries are comparatively investigated with the influences of external stress, grain size, temperature, and the concentration of Mo atoms taken into consideration. The results show that the creep strain rate of nanocrystalline Ni decreases significantly after the segregation of Mo atoms at grain boundaries due to the increase of the activation energy. The creep mechanisms corresponding to low, medium, and high stress states are respectively diffusion, grain boundary slip and dislocation activities based on the analysis of stress exponent and grain size exponent for both pure Ni and segregated Ni-Mo samples.

Detection of shallow anterior chamber depth from two-dimensional anterior segment photographs using deep learning.

Background: The purpose of this study was to implement and evaluate a deep learning (DL) approach for automatically detecting shallow anterior chamber depth (ACD) from two-dimensional (2D) overview anterior segment photographs.

Methods: We trained a DL model using a dataset of anterior segment photographs collected from Shanghai Aier Eye Hospital from June 2018 to December 2019. A Pentacam HR system was used to capture a 2D overview eye image and measure the ACD.

Machine learning for reparameterization of four-site water models: TIP4P-BG and TIP4P-BGT.

Parameterizing an effective water model is a challenging issue because of the difficulty in maintaining a comprehensive balance among the diverse physical properties of water with a limited number of parameters. The advancement in machine learning provides a promising path to search for a reliable set of parameters. Based on the TIP4P water model, hence, about 6000 molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for pure water at 1 atm and in the range of 273-373 K are conducted here as the training data.

Case Report: Posterior Uveitis after Divalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in an Asian Female.

Significance: Vaccine-associated uveitis has appeared in recent years because of various vaccines, whereas cases for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination were rarely reported. With more and more females becoming aware of its importance and choosing HPV vaccination, much more attention should be paid on the adverse effects of it.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to report a rare case of posterior uveitis after divalent HPV vaccination in an Asian female.