Anti-Freezing Electrolytes in Aqueous Multivalent Metal-Ion Batteries: Progress, Challenges, and Optimization Strategies.

Aqueous rechargeable multivalent metal-ion batteries (ARMMBs) have attracted considerable attention due to their high capacity, high energy density, and low cost. However, their performance is often limited by low temperature operation, which requires the development of anti-freezing electrolytes. In this review, we summarize the anti-freezing mechanisms and optimization strategies of anti-freezing electrolytes for aqueous batteries (especially for Zn-ion batteries).

Ultrafast Absorption of Polysulfides through Electrostatic Confinement by Protonated Molecules for Highly Efficient Li-S Batteries.

The lithium-sulfur battery is a promising high-energy-density storage system, which suffers from severe capacity fading due to the "shuttle effect" and low Coulombic efficiency caused by the dissolution of lithium polysulfides. At the molecular level, suppressing the shuttle effect has been greatly required for high-performance Li-S batteries. Herein, we propose a new strategy by utilizing a protonated organic absorbent (,-bis(pyridine-3-ylmethyl)butane-1,4-diammonium nitrate ([HPBD]·(NO)) for ultrafast absorption of polysulfides through electrostatic attractions and for fixing the polysulfides in the cathode by hydrogen-bond interactions.

Ferroelectric Metal-Organic Framework as a Host Material for Sulfur to Alleviate the Shuttle Effect of Lithium-Sulfur Battery.

Ferroelectricity has an excellent reversible polarization conversion behavior under an external electric field. Herein, we propose an interesting strategy to alleviate the shuttle effect of lithium-sulfur battery by utilizing ferroelectric metal-organic framework (FMOF) as a host material for the first time. Compared to other MOF with same structure but without ferroelectricity and commercial carbon black, the cathode based on FMOF exhibits a low capacity decay and high cycling stability.

High-Performance Metal-Organic Framework-Based Single Ion Conducting Solid-State Electrolytes for Low-Temperature Lithium Metal Batteries.

Single-ionic conducting electrolytes are important for the improvement of lithium metal batteries with high energy density and safety. Herein, we propose a new strategy to anchor a large anionic group on the skeleton of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and achieve preeminent single-ionic conducting electrolytes. Utilizing a postsynthetic modification method, the trifluoromethanesulfonyl group is covalently coordinated to the amino groups of the UiO-66-NH framework.

Syntheses and magnetic properties of high-dimensional cucurbit[6]uril-based metal-organic rotaxane frameworks.

Three new high-dimensional cucurbit[6]-based metal-organic rotaxane frameworks [Co(PR43)(BDC)Cl]·4HO (1), [Co(PR43)(BTC)]·6HO (2) and [Co(PR43)(BPT)]·20HO (3) were obtained via the hydrothermal synthesis method. Compound 1 comprised a two-dimensional layered structure, while compounds 2 and 3 exhibited three-dimensional pillared structures. All the compounds showed good thermal stabilities.

Guest exchange in a porous cucurbit[6]uril-based metal-organic rotaxane framework probed by NMR and X-ray crystallography.

The first CB[6]-based 3D porous metal-organic rotaxane framework is constructed by the reaction of CuCl2, terephthalic (H2BDC) and CB[6]-based [2]pseudorotaxanes ([PR44]2+·2[PF6]-) under solvothermal conditions. The structure of MORF-1 is a pillared-layer structure with 5-connected sqp topology, in which the effective free volume is 45.4% of the crystal volume.