A flexible Ag/AgCl micro reference electrode based on a parylene tube structure.

In the effort of developing micro-electrochemical sensors, the miniaturization of reference electrodes has been a challenging task. In this paper, a flexible micro reference electrode with an internal electrolyte reservoir is reported. This new device is based on a unique microfabricated parylene tube structure, which is filled with Cl rich electrolyte, into which a 50 μm diameter silver (Ag) wire covered with a 7.

3D silicon neural probe with integrated optical fibers for optogenetic modulation.

Optogenetics is a powerful modality for neural modulation that can be useful for a wide array of biomedical studies. Penetrating microelectrode arrays provide a means of recording neural signals with high spatial resolution. It is highly desirable to integrate optics with neural probes to allow for functional study of neural tissue by optogenetics.

Tunable dielectric liquid lens on flexible substrate.

We demonstrate the fabrication of a tunable-focus dielectric liquid lens (DLL) on a flexible substrate made of polydimethylsiloxane, which was wrapped onto a goggle surface to show its functionality. As a positive meniscus converging lens, the DLL has the focal length variable from 14.2 to 6.

A post silicon-on-insulator compatible smart tube technology.

This paper reports a technology to fabricate micro-parylene tubes with integrated sensors. The unique advantage of this new technology is its ability to incorporate high-temperature solid-state materials. Standard CMOS and MEMS devices can be fabricated first on the silicon wafers and then the smart tubes are formed by taking advantage of XeF(2) isotropic silicon etching and conformal parylene coating.

Temperature oscillations in a compartmentalized bidisperse granular gas.

A granular clock is observed in a vertically vibrated compartmentalized granular gas composed of two types of grains with the same size. The dynamics of the clock is studied in terms of an unstable evaporation or condensation model for the granular gas. In this model, the temperatures of the two types of grains are considered to be different, and they are functions of the composition of the gas.