ALOX5 contributes to glioma progression by promoting 5-HETE-mediated immunosuppressive M2 polarization and PD-L1 expression of glioma-associated microglia/macrophages.

Background: Oxylipin metabolism plays an essential role in glioma progression and immune modulation in the tumor microenvironment. Lipid metabolic reprogramming has been linked to macrophage remodeling, while the understanding of oxylipins and their catalyzed enzymes lipoxygenases in the regulation of glioma-associated microglia/macrophages (GAMs) remains largely unexplored.

Methods: To explore the pathophysiological relevance of oxylipin in human glioma, we performed Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-MS/MS (UHPLC-MS/MS) analysis in human glioma and non-tumor brain tissues.

Rational protein engineering of a ketoacids decarboxylase for efficient production of 1,2,4-butanetriol from arabinose.

Background: Lignocellulose, the most abundant non-edible feedstock on Earth, holds substantial potential for eco-friendly chemicals, fuels, and pharmaceuticals production. Glucose, xylose, and arabinose are primary components in lignocellulose, and their efficient conversion into high-value products is vital for economic viability. While glucose and xylose have been explored for such purpose, arabinose has been relatively overlooked.

The Mining Method of Ideological and Political Elements in University Public Mental Health Courses Based on Artificial Intelligence Technology.

Artificial intelligence technology has become an important part of the development of Internet technology. Artificial intelligence technology can help colleges and universities optimize the network ideological and political teaching system. Artificial intelligence technology provides more accurate data resources and rich and reliable educational technology means for online public mental health education in colleges and universities.

A facile method for anti-cancer drug encapsulation into polymersomes with a core-satellite structure.

Polymersomes possess the self-assembly vesicular structure similar to liposomes. Although a variety of comparisons between polymersomes and liposomes in the aspects of physical properties, preparation and applications have been elaborated in many studies, few focus on their differences in drug encapsulation, delivery and release and In the present work, we have provided a modified direct hydration method to encapsulate anti-cancer drug paclitaxel (PTX) into PEG--PCL constituted polymersomes (PTX@PS). In addition to advantages including narrow particle size distribution, high colloid stability and moderate drug-loading efficiency, we find that the loaded drug aggregate in small clusters and reside through the polymersome membrane, representing a unique core-satellite structure which might facilitate the sustained drug release.

Modifications of calcium metabolism and apoptosis after ammonia nitrogen exposure imply a tumorous fate in clam Ruditapes philippinarum?

Ammonia nitrogen (NHN) is a kind of toxic inorganic nitrogen that has been a great ecological stressor to the marine organisms for quite a few years in Chinese coastal area. Toxic mechanism of ammonia nitrogen on marine bivalve is not well elucidated, especially in calcium metabolism and apoptosis. In the present study, clams Ruditapes philippinarum were used as the experiment animals to receive NHN exposure with environmental concentrations for 21 days.

Ammonia nitrogen exposure caused structural damages to gill mitochondria of clam Ruditapes philippinarum.

Ammonia nitrogen has been one of the key pollution indicators along the Chinese coastline for quite a few years. Our previous studies have proved that ammonia nitrogen is harmful for Ruditapes philippinarum clam in several aspects. Environmental concentrations of ammonia nitrogen were found to significantly decrease ATP contents and disturb ATP metabolism, in addition to reducing the potential across the mitochondrial membrane in clam gill tissues.

miR-18a promotes glioblastoma development by down-regulating ALOXE3-mediated ferroptotic and anti-migration activities.

The development of glioblastoma (GBM) is typically accompanied by marked changes in lipid metabolism. Oxylipins and their catalyzed enzymes lipoxygenases (LOXs) have been shown to participate in the development of cancers via multiple pathways, while the understanding of LOXs in GBM remains enigmatic. Thus, we aimed to explore the expression and functional roles of LOXs in the development of GBM.

LncRNA MIR4435-2HG potentiates the proliferation and invasion of glioblastoma cells via modulating miR-1224-5p/TGFBR2 axis.

Glioblastoma (GBM) belongs to the high-grade (IV) gliomas with extremely poor prognosis. Accumulating evidence uncovered the key roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in GBM development. This study aimed to determine the biological actions and the clinical relevance of lncRNA MIR4435-2 Host Gene (MIR4435-2HG) in GBM.

Polydatin impairs mitochondria fitness and ameliorates podocyte injury by suppressing Drp1 expression.

Polydatin (PD), a resveratrol glycoside, has been shown to protect renal function in diabetic nephropathy (DN), but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. This study demonstrates that PD stabilize the mitochondrial morphology and attenuate mitochondrial malfunction in both KKAy mice and in hyperglycemia (HG)-induced MPC5 cells. We use Western blot analysis to demonstrate that PD reversed podocyte apoptosis induced by HG via suppressing dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1).

Low p21 level is necessary for the suppressive effects of micoRNA-31 on glioma cell migration and invasion.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a kind of endogenous non-coding RNAs, regulate gene expression through binding to the 3'-untranslational region (UTR) of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and act as endogenous agents of RNA interference, resulting in either mRNA degradation or translational repression. MiR-31 has been demonstrated to be associated with the development and progression of glioma. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unclear.

Synergism between cryoablation and GM-CSF: enhanced immune function of splenic dendritic cells in mice with glioma.

Glioma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor, and it has a poor prognosis. Studies have shown that cryoablation can activate antitumor immunoeffects by promoting the augmentation of dendritic cells (DCs). Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been shown to be useful for immunotherapy against glioma because it can stimulate DCs to present tumor antigen.

Immune responsive gene 1, a novel oncogene, increases the growth and tumorigenicity of glioma.

Immune responsive gene 1 (IRG1) is highly expressed in mammalian macrophages during inflammation. However, the role of IRG1 in tumorigenesis remains unclear. In the present study, we aimed to clarify the epigenetic regulation and biological functions of IRG1 in glioma.

In-situ administration of dendritic cells following argon-helium cryosurgery enhances specific antiglioma immunity in mice.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are highly specialized antigen-presenting cells that play a key role in the activation of naive T cells. With an aim to explore whether in-situ administration of DCs following argon-helium cryosurgery could enhance specific antiglioma immunity in mice, we evaluated the validity of this approach in a murine subcutaneous GL261 glioma model. C57BL/6 mice models bearing subcutaneous GL261 glioma were established and then divided into four groups, namely, no-treatment group (n=14), DC group (n=14), cryosurgery group (n=15), and cryosurgery+DC group (n=15).

[Individualized therapy and outcomes of microsurgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy for astrocytoma].

Background & Objective: Astrocytomas, constitute about 75% of neuroepithelial tumors, is one of the most common primary tumors in central nervous system with fairly high incidence and poor prognosis. Individualized multimodality is the hope for improving prognosis of patients with astrocytoma. This study was designed to investigate the efficiency of individualized treatment of microsurgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy for 62 patients with astrocytoma.