Staged SWAT calibration with bias-corrected precipitation product for enhancing flow data continuity in tributaries of the Mekong River.

Accurate and continuous flow data are crucial for effective water management in large river basins worldwide. However, these catchments often face challenges regarding data continuity in the mainstream and their tributaries. This study proposes a methodological framework for enhancing flow data continuity that uses a staged calibration scheme of Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) modeling with an appropriate satellite precipitation product (SPP) for each watershed.

Non-monotonic changes in Asian Water Towers' streamflow at increasing warming levels.

Previous projections show consistent increases in river flows of Asian Water Towers under future climate change. Here we find non-monotonic changes in river flows for seven major rivers originating from the Tibetan Plateau at the warming levels of 1.5 °C, 2.

[Characteristics and Significance of Stable Isotopes and Hydrochemistry in Surface Water and Groundwater in Nanxiaohegou Basin].

The Nanxiaohegou basin is a typical watershed in the gully region of the Loess Plateau, China. The stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen and the hydrochemistry of the surface water and groundwater in the region were characterized in this study. The interaction between the surface water and groundwater in the region was demonstrated based on stable isotopes and hydrochemical methods.

Increasing compound events of extreme hot and dry days during growing seasons of wheat and maize in China.

Compound events of climate extremes such as extremely high temperature and low precipitation during crop growing seasons can greatly affect agricultural production and food security. No study has investigated how Compound Extreme Hot and Dry days (CEHD days) during crop-growing seasons have changed or will change in response to climate warming. Based on observations, we find upward trends in CEHD days during wheat and maize growing seasons in China in the historical period 1980-2015.

Bahadur representations of M-estimators and their applications in general linear models.

Consider the linear regression model where are general dependence errors. The Bahadur representations of M-estimators of the parameter are given, by which asymptotically the theory of M-estimation in linear regression models is unified. As applications, the normal distributions and the rates of strong convergence are investigated, while are -dependent, and the martingale difference and -weakly dependent.

Comparing different methods for determining forest evapotranspiration and its components at multiple temporal scales.

Accurately estimating forest evapotranspiration and its components is of great importance for hydrology, ecology, and meteorology. In this study, a comparison of methods for determining forest evapotranspiration and its components at annual, monthly, daily, and diurnal scales was conducted based on in situ measurements in the subhumid mountainous forest of North China. The goal of the study was to evaluate the accuracies and reliabilities of the different methods.

M-test in linear models with negatively superadditive dependent errors.

This paper is concerned with the testing hypotheses of regression parameters in linear models in which errors are negatively superadditive dependent (NSD). A robust M-test base on M-criterion is proposed. The asymptotic distribution of the test statistic is obtained and the consistent estimates of the redundancy parameters involved in the asymptotic distribution are established.

Divergence of stable isotopes in tap water across China.

Stable isotopes in water (e.g., δH and δO) are important indicators of hydrological and ecological patterns and processes.