Exploration of Unconventional excitation wavelength and dynamic emission in rare-earth doped multilayer core-shell Structures: Application for optical "Hard" and "Soft" switching.

Optical switches are increasingly acknowledged for their potential advantages over mechanical counterparts in various domains. However, research on optical switches remains relatively nascent, primarily focusing on applications like anti-counterfeiting, switching chemical reactions, etc., while neglecting the control of photocurrent switching.

Gender disparities in lung cancer incidence in the United States during 2001-2019.

Lung cancer ranks as one of the top malignancies and the leading cause of cancer death in both males and females in the US. Using a cancer database covering the entire population, this study was to determine the gender disparities in lung cancer incidence during 2001-2019. Cancer patients were obtained from the National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) and Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database.

A Review of Research Progress on Machining Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Composites with Lasers.

Carbon fiber-reinforced composites are widely used in automobile, aerospace and military lightweight manufacturing due to their excellent mechanical properties such as light weight, excellent fracture resistance, corrosion resistance and wear resistance, etc. However, because of their high hardness, anisotropy and low interlayer strength characteristics, there are many problems with machine carbon fiber-reinforced composites with traditional methods. As a non-contact processing technology, laser machining technology has lots of advantages in carbon fiber-reinforced composites processing.

Experimental Study on Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Composites Cutting with Nanosecond Laser.

The carbon fiber-reinforced composite (CFRP) has the properties of a high specific strength, low density and excellent corrosion resistance; it has been widely used in aerospace and automobile lightweight manufacturing as an important material. To improve the CFRP cutting quality in the manufacturing process, a nanosecond laser with a wavelength of 532 nm was applied to cut holes with a 2-mm-thick CFRP plate by using laser rotational cutting technology. The influence of different parameters on the heat-affected zone, the cutting surface roughness and the hole taper was explored, and the cutting process parameters were optimized.

HO- and ethanol concentration-responsive polymer/gel inverse opal photonic crystal.

Responsive photonic crystals have attracted much attention due to their strong capability to manipulate the propagation of light in the visible region, but it is still a big challenge to invisibility and mechanical stability. Here, the novel Poly(ether sulfone)/Poly(acrylic acid) inverse opal photonic crystals, which have high mechanical stability and can release visible patterns after wetting with water, are discussed. The Poly(ether sulfone)/Poly(acrylic acid) inverse opal photonic crystals are also responsive to the concentration of ethanol, and the structural color response times increase with increasing ethanol concentration.

Diagnostic significance of transcranial doppler combined with carotid ultrasound in patients with cerebral ischemic stroke.

Objective: To explore the diagnostic value of transcranial doppler (TCD) combined with carotid ultrasound (CU) in cerebral ischemic stroke (CIS).

Methods: A total of 68 patients with CIS who were treated in our hospital from September 2018 to September 2020 were selected as the research group, and another 68 patients with non-CIS admitted during the same period were selected as the reference group. Both groups underwent TCD and CU examinations to compare their diagnostic values.

Altered microRNAs in cerebrospinal fluid exosomes in paraneoplastic and autoimmune encephalitis: A possible feedback in cancer development.

Aims: The purpose of this study was to examine the role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) exosomes from patients with paraneoplastic and autoimmune encephalitis (AE).

Main Methods: Towards this, microRNA profiling in the exosomes which were isolated from cerebrospinal fluid of 12 patients with anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis, 12 patients with anti-gamma-aminobutyric acid-B (GABA) receptor encephalitis, 12 patients with anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) encephalitis, and 12 patients with anti-contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CASPR2) encephalitis, and 12 control individuals negative of antibodies against neuronal auto-antigens. Selected findings were validated with quantitative RT-PCR.

Exosomes expressing neuronal autoantigens induced immune response in antibody-positive autoimmune encephalitis.

The immunological role of exosomes in autoimmune encephalitis (AE) remains uncharacterized and not examined. In this study we ought to determine whether exosomes are generated in AE and to define the presence of cell surface neuronal autoantigens (autoAgs) in the cargo. Exosomes were isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 12 patients with anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis, 8 patients with anti-gamma-aminobutyric acid-B (GABA) receptor encephalitis, 8 patients with anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) encephalitis, 8 patients with anti-contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CASPR2) encephalitis, 10 patients with anti-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid 1,2 (AMPA) receptor encephalitis and 30 control individuals negative of antibodies against neuronal autoAgs.

Differential Expression of microRNA Profiles and Signals in Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes During Dopaminergic Neuron Differentiation.

The role of secreted exosomes during dopaminergic (DA) neuron differentiation is still unknown. To investigate the roles of exosomes in DA neuron fate specification, we profiled exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) during DA neuron differentiation of epiblast-derived stem cells (EpiSCs). There were 26 miRNAs differentially expressed (relative fold >2,  < 0.

Photoelectrochemically active perovskite QDs/TiO inverse opal with enhanced photoluminescence intensity.

Photoluminescence intensity of the perovskite QDs coupled with TiO was decreased significantly owing to the electron transfer between them. Hererin, the composite of CsPb(ClBr) with TiO inverse opal was fabricated and we have proved that the effect of scattering of TiO inverse opal layer by layer under the incident excitation light for the enhancement of perovskite QDs photoluminescence intensity is far greater than the decrease of photoluminescence intensity caused by the electron transfer between QDs and TiO. Particularly, photoelectrochemical characterizations exhibit high charge separation effciency and fast response speed in water.

Facile Wearable Vapor/Liquid Amphibious Methanol Sensor.

Detection of methanol is a significant segment for body health and work safety in the production of chemical industry. However, there hardly exists highly selective methanol detection system with green environment for vapor or liquid adaptability, as well as large linear relationship. A facile wearable vapor/liquid amphibious electrochemical sensor for monitoring methanol has been carried out for the first time in this Article.

High binding ability ligand controlled formation of CsPbX (X = Cl/Br, Br, I) perovskite nanocrystals with high quantum yields and enhanced stability.

CsPbX NCs with both high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) and enhanced stability have been obtained by using high binding ability ligands. As a result, the CsPbI NCs prepared using palmitic acid and oleylamine as ligands have high PLQY (up to 92%), and the PLQYs of CsPbX perovskite NCs can be sustained for one month with a slight decrease. Impressively, the presence of palmitic acid and stearic acid can dramatically improve the chemical stability of CsPbX NCs.

Manipulating Luminescence of Light Emitters by Photonic Crystals.

The modulation of luminescence is essential because unwanted spontaneous-emission modes have a negative effect on the performance of luminescence-based photonic devices. Photonic crystals are promising materials for the control of light emission because of the variation in the local density of optical modes within them. They have been widely investigated for the manipulation of the emission intensity and lifetime of light emitters.

Controlled preparation of M(Ag, Au)/TiO through sulfydryl-assisted method for enhanced photocatalysis.

Here a simple and effective method was explored to fabricate M/TiO (M = Ag, Au) composites, which required neither pre-treatment of TiO nor any additives as reducing agent. Using amorphous TiO spheres functionalized with SH groups as starting materials, the noble metallic ions (Ag, Au) can be adsorbed by TiO due to their special affinity with SH groups, which is beneficial to the uniform dispersion of metallic ions on the surface of TiO. Then the adsorbed ions were reduced to form noble metal nanoparticles by heating process (95 °C) directly without additive as reduction agent.

Fabrication of Poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride)@Ag Spheres with High Surface Charge Intensity and their Self-Assembly into Photonic Crystal Films.

Herein, we developed a method to prepare monodisperse poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride)@Ag (PSMA@Ag) core-shell microspheres with high surface charge intensity by using an in situ reduction method. In this method, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid tetrasodium salt (NaEDTA) was used as a reducing agent to promote the growth of Ag, and at the same time endowed the PSMA@Ag spheres with a surface charge. The monodispersity of PSMA and PSMA@Ag and the ordered array of the photonic crystal films were characterized by using SEM.

Controlled Synthesis of Hollow PbS-TiO Hybrid Structures through an Ion Adsorption-Heating Process and their Photocatalytic Activity.

Hollow hybrid nanostructures have received significant attention because of their unique structural features. This study reports a facile ion adsorption-heating method to fabricate hollow PbS-TiO hybrid particles. In this method, the TiO spheres used as a substrate material to grow PbS are aggregates of many small amorphous TiO particles, and each small particle is covered with thioglycolic acid ligands through Ti -carboxyl coordination.

Vivid structural colors with low angle dependence from long-range ordered photonic crystal films.

Structural colored materials have attracted increasing attention due to their vivid color effects and non-photobleaching characteristics. However, the angle dependence of these structural colors severely restricts their practical applications, for example, in display and sensing devices. Here, a new strategy for obtaining low angle dependent structural colors is demonstrated by fabricating long-range ordered photonic crystal films.

Monodisperse TiO Spheres with High Charge Density and Their Self-Assembly.

Titanium dioxide (TiO ) spheres are potential candidates to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystals owing to their high refractive index and low absorption in the visible and near-infrared regions. Here, TiO spheres with both high surface charge density and uniform size, which are necessary for the self-assembly of TiO spheres, have been prepared by means of sol-gel methods in ethanol in the presence of thioglycolic acid as ligand. Thioglycolic acid, which contains two functional groups, not only acts as coordinating ligand for stabilizing and controlling the growth of TiO spheres but also endows the resulting TiO spheres with high charge density as based on ζ-potential analysis when the pH of the TiO aqueous dispersion was 6.

Design of a water environment monitoring system based on wireless sensor networks.

A water environmental monitoring system based on a wireless sensor network is proposed. It consists of three parts: data monitoring nodes, data base station and remote monitoring center. This system is suitable for the complex and large-scale water environment monitoring, such as for reservoirs, lakes, rivers, swamps, and shallow or deep groundwaters.