Cadmium Exposure Induces Inflammation Through Oxidative Stress-Mediated Activation of the NF-κB Signaling Pathway and Causes Heat Shock Response in a Piglet Testis.

Cadmium (Cd), recognized as an environmental toxin, can cause injury to the testis in humans and animals. Oxidative stress (OS) can trigger an inflammatory response by promoting the activation of nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Meanwhile, inflammation can lead to the occurrence of heat shock reaction.

Genetical and Morphological Identification of (Digenea, Prosthogonimidae) in .

Species of the family Prosthogonimidae are considered the most pathogenic trematodes of poultry and wild birds worldwide, causing heavy economic losses in many countries. Prosthogonimosis was a common parasitic disease of (Müller, 1776) which caused inflammation of the cloaca and bursa of Fabricius and even death. Morphological identifications of species are easily confusing; therefore, molecular characterization is used for discrimination.

Design and fabrication of superhydrophobic microstructured grooved substrates to suppress the coffee-ring effect and enhance the stability of Sr element detection in liquids using LIBS.

A new technique has been developed to enhance the stability of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) in the analysis of dry droplets by mitigating the coffee ring effect (CRE) on substrates with superhydrophobic microstructured grooves. The substrate was prepared from a laser-etched pure copper base, resembling the surface of a lotus leaf, creating a biomimetic superhydrophobic substrate. The superhydrophobic microstructured grooved substrate contained an array of dome-shaped cones with heights of approximately 140 μm and 100 μm, arranged in a periodic pattern of high-low-high.

A review of emerging technologies, nutritional practices, and management strategies to improve intramuscular fat composition in beef cattle.

The flavour, tenderness and juiciness of the beef are all impacted by the composition of the intramuscular fat (IMF), which is a key determinant of beef quality. Thus, enhancing the IMF composition of beef cattle has become a major area of research. Consequently, the aim of this paper was to provide insight and synthesis into the emerging technologies, nutritional practices and management strategies to improve IMF composition in beef cattle.

Genome-wide analysis reveals genomic diversity and signatures of selection in Qinchuan beef cattle.

Background: Indigenous Chinese cattle have abundant genetic diversity and a long history of artificial selection, giving local breeds advantages in adaptability, forage tolerance and resistance. The detection of selective sweeps and comparative genome analysis of selected breeds and ancestral populations provide a basis for understanding differences among breeds and for the identification and utilization of candidate genes. We investigated genetic diversity, population structure, and signatures of selection using genome-wide sequencing data for a new breed of Qinchuan cattle (QNC, n = 21), ancestral Qinchuan cattle (QCC, n = 20), and Zaosheng cattle (ZSC, n = 19).

Transcriptomic analysis reveals the inhibitory effect of beta-sitosterol on proliferation of bovine preadipocytes.

Fat deposition affects beef quantity and quality via preadipocyte proliferation. Beta-sitosterol, a natural small molecular compound, has various functions, such as anti-inflammation, antibacterial, and anticancer properties. The mechanism of action of Beta-sitosterol on bovine preadipocytes remains unclear.

A review of the role of epigenetic studies for intramuscular fat deposition in beef cattle.

Intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition profoundly influences meat quality and economic value in beef cattle production. Meanwhile, contemporary developments in epigenetics have opened new outlooks for understanding the molecular basics of IMF regulation, and it has become a key area of research for world scholars. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to provide insight and synthesis into the intricate relationship between epigenetic mechanisms and IMF deposition in beef cattle.

A review of the role of transcription factors in regulating adipogenesis and lipogenesis in beef cattle.

In the past few decades, genomic selection and other refined strategies have been used to increase the growth rate and lean meat production of beef cattle. Nevertheless, the fast growth rates of cattle breeds are often accompanied by a reduction in intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition, impairing meat quality. Transcription factors play vital roles in regulating adipogenesis and lipogenesis in beef cattle.

Symmetric inheritance of parental histones contributes to safeguarding the fate of mouse embryonic stem cells during differentiation.

Parental histones, the carriers of posttranslational modifications, are deposited evenly onto the replicating DNA of sister chromatids in a process dependent on the Mcm2 subunit of DNA helicase and the Pole3 subunit of leading-strand DNA polymerase. The biological significance of parental histone propagation remains unclear. Here we show that Mcm2-mutated or Pole3-deleted mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) display aberrant histone landscapes and impaired neural differentiation.

Effects of vitamin A on intramuscular fat development in beef cattle: A meta-analysis.

Vitamin A, a fat-soluble vitamin, is the basic substance required to maintain healthy vision and the main physiological functions of cattle. The results from previous studies regarding the effect of vitamin A on intramuscular fat varied. This meta-analysis aimed to generate a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between vitamin A and intramuscular fat content and to provide potential clues for future research and commercial practice.

Effect of bovine myosin heavy chain 3 on proliferation and differentiation of myoblast.

The myosin heavy chain 3 () gene is an essential gene that affects muscle development. This study aimed to discuss the expression characteristics of the gene and its effect on the proliferation and differentiation of bovine myoblasts. Quantitative real time-PCR results display that the expression level of was higher in muscle tissue, and the expression increased in the early stage of myoblast differentiation.

Overexpression of cholinergic receptor nicotinic gamma subunit inhibits proliferation and differentiation of bovine preadipocytes.

Objective: Muscle acetylcholine receptors have five alpha subunits (α, β, δ, ε, or γ), and cholinergic receptor nicotinic gamma subunit (CHRNG) is the γ subunit. It may also play an essential role in biological processes, including cell differentiation, growth, and survival, while the role of CHRNG has not been studied in the literature. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to clarify the effect of CHRNG on the proliferation and differentiation of bovine preadipocytes.

Downregulation of circ-ZNF609 Promotes Heart Repair by Modulating RNA N-Methyladenosine-Modified Expression.

Circular RNAs take crucial roles in several pathophysiological processes. The regulatory role and its underlying mechanisms of circ-ZNF609 in the heart remains largely unknown. Here, we report that circ-ZNF609 is upregulated during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) remodeling.

Effect of Actin Alpha Cardiac Muscle 1 on the Proliferation and Differentiation of Bovine Myoblasts and Preadipocytes.

Actin Alpha Cardiac Muscle 1 (ACTC1) gene is a differentially expressed gene screened through the co-culture system of myoblasts-preadipocytes. In order to study the role of this gene in the process of proliferation and differentiation of bovine myoblasts and preadipocytes, the methods of the knockdown, overexpression, and ectopic expression of were used in this study. After knockdown in bovine myoblasts and inducing differentiation, the sizes and numbers of myotube formation were significantly reduced compared to the control group, and myogenic marker genes-MYOD1, MYOG, MYH3, MRF4, MYF5, CKM and MEF2A-were significantly decreased ( < 0.

Effect of Neudesin Neurotrophic Factor on Differentiation of Bovine Preadipocytes and Myoblasts in a Co-Culture System.

In this study, we successfully established a co-culture system of bovine preadipocytes and myoblasts to explore the effect of exogenous addition of Neudesin neurotrophic factor (NENF) recombinant protein on the differentiation of adipocytes and myoblasts in co-culture. The optimal concentration of NENF recombinant protein was 100 pg/mL. promoted the differentiation of bovine preadipocytes and inhibited the differentiation of bovine myoblasts when the cells were cultured separately.

Bovine 1 Promotes Adipogenesis by Activating the PPARγ Receptor.

Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is a rate-limiting enzyme that mainly catalyzes the saturated fatty acids (SFAs) into the monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). The expression level of 1 is positively correlated with the marbling score. However, the functional mechanism of 1 in adipogenesis is still unclear.

Bta-miR-149-5p inhibits proliferation and differentiation of bovine adipocytes through targeting CRTCs at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels.

MicroRNAs are small, single stranded, and noncoding RNAs that have been proven to be potent regulators of adipogenesis. However, the role of bta-miR-149-5p in regulating bovine adipogenesis is still unclear. Expression profiling in different stages of adipogenesis revealed that bta-miR-149-5p was enriched in the proliferation stage, and also on Day 9 of differentiation in bovine adipocytes.

RNA-seq reveal role of bovine TORC2 in the regulation of adipogenesis.

Low intramuscular adipose tissue (marbling) continues to be challenge for improving beef quality in Chinese cattle. Highly marbled meat is very desirable; hence, methods to increase IMF content have become a key aspect of improving meat quality. Therefore, research on the mechanism of adipogenesis provides invaluable information for the improvement of meat quality.

Neudesin Neurotrophic Factor Promotes Bovine Preadipocyte Differentiation and Inhibits Myoblast Myogenesis.

Neudesin neurotrophic factor (NENF) is a secreted protein that is essential in multiple biological processes, including neural functions, adipogenesis, and tumorigenesis. In our previous study, NENF was significantly inhibited in the bovine adipocytes-myoblasts co-culture system. However, studies on NENF regulation of bovine muscle development and involvement in the cross-talk between adipose tissue and skeletal muscle have not been reported.

Bioinformatics analysis and transcriptional regulation of TORC1 gene through transcription factors NRF1 and Smad3 in bovine preadipocytes.

Intramuscular fat is the an important factor that defines meat quality; however, enhancing its deposition without increasing the other three adipose depots (subcutaneous, visceral, and intermuscular fat) is a challenge for animal science and the meat industry. The TORC1 is a key regulator of adipogenesis and its regulation in bovine intramuscular preadipocytes has not been studied. The TORC1 is a member of the gene family that codes for a binding proteins which regulate transcription of cAMP which, is a key regulator of adipogenesis.

Function and Transcriptional Regulation of Bovine Gene in Adipocytes: Roles of , , and .

The TORC2 gene is a member of the transducer of the regulated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein gene family, which plays a key role in metabolism and adipogenesis. In the present study, we confirmed the role of in bovine preadipocyte proliferation through cell cycle staining flow cytometry, cell counting assay, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine staining (EdU), and mRNA and protein expression analysis of proliferation-related marker genes. In addition, Oil red O staining analysis, immunofluorescence of adiponectin, mRNA and protein level expression of lipid related marker genes confirmed the role of in the regulation of bovine adipocyte differentiation.

MEF2A Regulates the MEG3-DIO3 miRNA Mega Cluster-Targeted PP2A Signaling in Bovine Skeletal Myoblast Differentiation.

Understanding the molecular mechanisms of skeletal myoblast differentiation is essential for studying muscle developmental biology. In our previous study, we reported that knockdown of myocyte enhancer factor 2A (MEF2A) inhibited myoblast differentiation. Here in this study, we further identified that MEF2A controlled this process through regulating the maternally expressed 3 (MEG3)-iodothyronine deiodinase 3 (DIO3) miRNA mega cluster and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) signaling.

Copy number variation detection in Chinese indigenous cattle by whole genome sequencing.

Copy number variation (CNV) refers to a kind of structural variation, having functional and evolutionary effects on phenotypes. Thus far, further elucidation of the CNVs in different Chinese indigenous cattle breeds by whole genome sequencing have yet not been done. In this study, a comprehensive genomic analysis was performed on 75 cattle individuals including six Chinese indigenous cattle breeds and two non-native specialized beef cattle breeds.

The MEDEA FAR-EAST Study: Conceptual framework, methods and first findings of a multicenter cross-sectional observational study.

Background: The substantial increase in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in China over the last three decades warrants comprehensive preventive primary and secondary strategies. Prolonged prehospital delay (PHD) has been identified as a substantial barrier to timely therapeutic interventions for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Despite worldwide efforts to decrease the patient's decision-making time, minimal change has been achieved so far.